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What saved Vienna from the Ottoman Turks in 1683
...have dominated Europe and changed not only European history but also world history. ...Successive Sultans had launched repeated attacks or ''jihads'' on Europe's Christian kingdoms for many centuries. By the 1680s, the main defense against the Ott

14 KB (2,266 words) - 01:19, 23 September 2021
What Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt
...Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period.” In Ancient Egypt: A Social History. Edited by Bruce G. Trigger, Barry J. Kemp, David O’Connor, and Alan Religious festivals were important during all periods of pharaonic history, but they had become public spectacles by the New Kingdom. During these fes

14 KB (2,295 words) - 06:30, 22 September 2021
Who was the first pope
...ons that they have a very particular and special role to play in salvation history. For example, Abram receives the name Abraham (Gen. 17:3-6) and Jacob recei ...the chair of Peter remains a central controversy among eastern and western Christian factions.

8 KB (1,376 words) - 04:55, 15 September 2021
How did Mother's Day develop
...any countries, including Christian, Muslim, and other countries. The early history of the holiday connect to the ancient Near East, Greek, and other Old World ...own as Mothering Sunday in Christian Europe (Figure 1). Similar to the pre-Christian traditions, this was used as a way to pray for the safety and health of mot

10 KB (1,616 words) - 02:19, 4 October 2021
How Did Cremation Emerge as a Death Ritual
...ions in the United States, see: Prothero, S.R. (2001) Purified by fire: a history of cremation in America. Berkeley, University of California Press.</ref> ...ed.<ref>For more on the lifting of prohibitions against cremation by major Christian denominations, see: Douglas James Davies & Lewis H. Mates (eds.) (2005) En

10 KB (1,675 words) - 05:23, 5 October 2021
What was the impact of Ivan the Terrible on Russia
...e historical leader, who was one of the most important figures in Russia's history. ...Ivan IV had founded a new Russian Empire. Despite being a devout Orthodox Christian, Ivan pursued a policy of toleration towards his numerous Muslim subjects.

14 KB (2,291 words) - 19:21, 20 September 2021
How Did Marriage Develop in the West
...Western regions, this is no different, although over time, for most of our history over the last two thousand years, marriage had become more narrowly defined ....<ref>For more on Greek and Roman marriage and law, which later influenced Christian and European marriage views, see: Beryl Rawson (ed.) (2011) A companion

14 KB (2,234 words) - 20:26, 14 September 2021
How Did the Athenians Win the Battle of Marathon
Few battles in the ancient world had as much impact on history as the Battle of Marathon. The battle has provided fodder for numerous book ...George. “Greece: The History of the Archaic Period.” In The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World. Edited by John Boardman, Jasper Gr

16 KB (2,639 words) - 19:19, 20 September 2021
How did Theodosius the Great change the Roman Empire
...man Empire's religion, and he more than anyone else turned it into a truly Christian Empire. Theodosius also helped to shape the nature of the Church and its re ...oman provinces. Such was the ferocity of the disputes between the various Christian groups that much of Egypt and North Africa were ungovernable.<ref> Brown, P

13 KB (2,162 words) - 01:18, 23 September 2021
The Beginning of Science-Based Religious Disbelief: Atheism and Disbelief in Victorian Britain
...y were intimately linked concepts – a moral person must necessarily be a Christian and vice versa, so to reject religion was to identify as an immoral, base i ...ervenes in everyday life), non-conformists, and believers of other various Christian or Abrahamic religions. Atheism was seen not as a rejection of religious be

12 KB (1,866 words) - 21:15, 22 November 2018
Top Ten Booklist for the History of Ethics
...uch questions remain at the center of philosophical inquiry throughout the history of Western thought. ...as his ethical thought and framework was particularly influential in early Christian ethics and scholastic theology going into the medieval period. Stoic ethics

7 KB (1,105 words) - 22:53, 15 November 2017
What Were the Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths
...a narrative form and it was not until the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (332-Christian Era) when the collections of disparate spells and mentions of creation in t ...tian “Mennefer”) served as Egypt’s political capital for much of its history, and it was also the primary cult center of the god Ptah. Like Amun, Ptah w

11 KB (1,875 words) - 21:25, 28 September 2021
How did the Muslim conquest change Spain
[[File: Muslim Three.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|A Muslim and a Christian warrior greeting from an illuminated manuscript]] One of the greatest periods of Islamic history was that of Muslim Spain or Al-Andalus, known in Arabic. Muslim Spain was u

13 KB (2,119 words) - 20:42, 14 September 2021
What were the causes of the Witch Craze in Europe, 1550-1700
...Wars.<ref> Bailey, Michael D. Magic and Superstition in Europe: A Concise History from Antiquity to the Present. (London, Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), p. 5</ At this time, the Christian community began to formulate a definite sense of witchcraft, and this invol

13 KB (2,090 words) - 05:53, 24 September 2021
How Was Alaric Able to Sack Rome in AD 410
...isigoth sack of Rome in AD 410 was one of the true turning points in world history. It was the first time for Rome that outsiders had sacked the city in over ...imperial family. <ref> Sennigen, William B., and Arthur E.R. Boak. The History of Rome to A.D. 565. Sixth Edition. (New York: Macmillan, 1977), p.451

17 KB (2,860 words) - 23:45, 17 September 2021
How Did Christmas Trees Become Christmas Symbols
...urope, Yule was traditionally among the most important holidays in the pre-Christian calendar. The Tree of Life is a symbol in many ancient cultures that also h ...at least initially, also a similar policy of integrating pagan ideas with Christian holidays, as Nordic peoples began to convert to Christianity in greater num

11 KB (1,762 words) - 04:41, 5 October 2021
How did Timur change the history of the world
...will also examine how his invasions led to the virtual destruction of the Christian Churches in much of Asia. During this campaign, he devastated Baghdad and the Christian kingdoms of Armenia and Georgia. Next, the conqueror campaigned against the

14 KB (2,257 words) - 18:17, 21 September 2021
How Did Saint Valentine's Day Develop
...to early Christian traditions, there are also more complex links with pre-Christian holidays that were likely changed or modified into Saint Valentine's Day tr ====Early History====

10 KB (1,569 words) - 03:26, 20 September 2021
Why Did Scandinavians Volunteer for the Union Army during the Civil War
...ted States. For instance, the Civil War was one of the first wars in world history where rifles were used extensively. The telegraph was used to relay message ...asons were ones that can be seen in previous and later periods of American history. Scandinavians believed in the Republic, were ardent supporters of Presiden

16 KB (2,526 words) - 05:34, 5 October 2021
What was Prince Alexander Nevsky's contribution to Russian History
...lands. What did Nevsky achieve and what were his contributions to Russian history and society? Nevsky halted the eastern expansion of the Germans and Swedes, ...he Mongols destroyed a large Mongol army.<ref>Bushkovitch, Paul. A Concise History of Russia (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011), p. 17</ref>

13 KB (2,219 words) - 23:51, 14 September 2021