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Changes
→Later Developments in Socialism
There are cases where agricultural societies, within states, did form a type of socialist or even relatively equal societies, although often they were more similar to vertical egalitarian societies that displayed familial or kinship variation in their access to resources and power. In Middle East, so-called agricultural cooperatives, which shared land, did form in the Medieval and early modern periods from the 19th century and lasted even until today in places. These were villages that collectively owned land, where annually families who shuffle to different plots of land, so that no family could have sole access to the most productive areas. Similar collective agriculture existed in the Lake Huron region among the Iroquois and Aztecs. However, these societies were never fully equal. Among the Aztecs, power difference were evident among the elites. For the Iroquois, matrilineal decent sometimes meant that women yielded more power in society, where wealth could be transferred through the female line. Nevertheless, the Iroquois, relative to colonists they encountered in the 17th-18th centuries, often displayed relatively more limited wealth disparities and showed evidence of equality towards the sexes. However, even Iroquois did keep slaves and wealth differences among leading families and chiefs were evident.
There is evidence that ancient societies often debated wealth inequality and how much should socialist ideals be integrated in society. Both Plato and Aristotle advocated checks to fully market-based societies, as they felt a more communal approach would better harness societies potential. Sparta in ancient Greece has, at times, been seen as a type of socialist society that treated citizens as equals and that even the leaders lived austere lives that were not that different from average citizens. There is some truth to this, as Sparta's ideals were reflected by values of limiting the self and honor, but this often had to do with military preparation than an economic system. The fact the state was often in perpetual war may have meant that it had to develop an austere approach to its economy and individuals could not flaunt wealth when sacrifice to the state was required during political difficult times.
==Modern Socialism==
