Changes

After the Great War, instead of being divided between the Austro-Hungary, Germany and Russia, Poland emerged from the Treaty of Versailles as an independent nation. Despite being granted independence, Poland was immediately drawn into a series of border wars with the Soviet Union, Lithuania and the Ukraine. As Poland fought with neighbors to define its borders, it also sought to create a truly democratic state. Paul Brykczynski's new book Primed for Violence: Murder, Antisemitism, and Democratic Politics in Interwar Poland published by the University of Wisconsin Press explores the tragic efforts of the Polish people to create a new democratic state after electing their first President, Gabriel Narutowicz.{{Read more|Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynski}}

</div>

<div class="portal" style="width:85%;">

[[File:Hendrick WGA01076.jpg|thumbnail|300px|left]]

The game of golf today is globally popular and watched by millions on television. The origins of the sport may go back to ancient periods, but most historians trace the definitive beginning of the sport to Medieval Scotland and/or the Netherlands. However, it was in the 19th century that the sport emerged as both a modern one and started to become a global phenomenon. {{Read more|How did the game of golf emerge?}}

</div>

<div class="portal" style="width:85%;">

[[File:leecover.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]

The library of texts pertaining to the Civil War Era ranges from scholarly research to pure fiction. Some of the most informative works come in the biography genre. The countless memoirs and autobiographies are essential to professional researchers and historians and have proved indispensable to the modern biographer. {{Read more|American Civil War Biographies Top Ten Booklist}}

</div>

[[File:Housesteads latrines.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px]]

With the beginning of settled life, a new problem arose as people began to live in one place throughout the year. That problem was public sanitation. With increased population, the need to adequately remove human waste and maintain relatively clean water supplies became an increasing challenge.By prehistory, this challenge was addressed in societies, with increasing sophistication as cities grew and became more complex. {{Read more|How did Public Sanitation Develop?}}

</div>

[[File:thomas paine.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]]

Colonial Americans enjoyed relative independence from England until 1763, which marked the cessation of the Seven Years’ War. Prior to that time, the British government had paid little attention to the domestic affairs conducted by their American colonists. The war was costly; however, and England deemed it appropriate that American colonies contribute to the war debt and the costs associated with stationing British troops on American soil. {{Read more|Why Did American Colonists Become United Against England?}}

</div>

[[File:Mithra sacrifiant le Taureau-005.JPG|thumbnail|left|275px]]

Today the god Mithra or Mithras is not recognized by many in the West. Mithra is often seen as just one of the many gods that was once worshiped in Europe, the Near East, and South Asia. However, in the early centuries of Christianity, one can argue the worship of Mithras rivaled influence and importance of Christianity. {{Read more|Why was the worship of Mithra so popular?}}

</div>

[[File:626px-Edwin_Smith_Papyrus_v2_copy.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px]]

Early medicine developed in a number of societies, both in the New and Old Worlds, as populations around the world were able to quickly learn that plants that grew around them often have natural healing qualities and health benefits. Several regions around the world, which had early complex societies, have left us evidence or documents that describe some of the relatively sophisticated medical techniques or practices that developed at early dates.

{{Read more|How did Medicine develop in the Ancient World?}}

</div>

<div class="portal">

[[File:America's_Constitution.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]

{{Read more|American Legal History Top Ten Booklist}}

</div>

<div class="portal">

[[File:Florence_Cathedral.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]

====[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?]]====

The Italian Renaissance was one of the most exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the arts, literature, philosophy, architecture and politics. Many of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphael.

{{Read more|Why did the Italian Renaissance End?}}

</div>

<div class="portal">

[[File:Gregory-American-Surveillance-c.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]