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===Phoenician Monopolization of Trade in the Mediterranean===

By the sixth century BC, the Phoenicians had effectively monopolized most trade in the Mediterranean basin. They manufactured products such as jewelry, carved ivory, bronze table vessels, bottled oils, gum storax, and most importantly, cloth dyed in “Tyrian purple,” extracted from the sea snail murex. <ref> Bikai, p. 205</ref> Tyrian purple was in high demand because it was applied to white garments, turning them violet or purple, which was the nobility's color. The dye is also the origin of the term Phoenicia, which is what the Greeks called Tyrian purple.