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[[File:Genghis Khan empire-en.svg.png|thumbnail|300px250px|left|Figure 1. Regions of invasions by the Mongols.]]
Invasions and wars often cause the most dramatic and radical changes to cultures and history in many regions. However, it is not just the social transformations they bring but often the physical, genetic makeup of populations change. Whether it is through forced migrations, interbreeding, or simply high casualties from war or disease, there are important impacts to populations in times of great upheaval such as wars. The Mongol Invasions (1206–94) represent an important event in the history of population genetics because of the large, spatial extent of the invasions that spanned across Eurasia.