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==1905 Revolution==__NOTOC__[[File:The_Russian_Revolution,_1905_Q815531106px-Family Nicholas II of Russia ca. 1914.jpg|thumbnail|300pxleft|Barricades manned by workers of Schmidt factory in Moscow, Dec. 1905250px|Tsar Nicholas II and his Family 1913]] There was widespread discontent in the The Russian Empire. Since the 1890s, various terrorist organizations had waged a violent campaign against the Tsar’s regime. There were many radical political parties active Romanov dynasty collapsed in the country, including chaos of the Bolshevik partyRussian Revolution of 1917. <ref>Wood, Alan (1993). '' The Origins rise of the Russian Revolution, 1861-1917Soviet Union from the Romanovs''. London: Routledge</ref> Many people believed that Russian was ripe for a revolution. In 1905 Russia was routed by ashes is perhaps the Japanese Empire most important event in a brief war in North East Asiathe twentieth century. This was a national humiliation and It saw the Tsar and his world’s first Communist government became very unpopular. Immediately, those who were unhappy with the existing system began and it led to agitate for change. When Cossacks violently broke up a demonstration in St Petersburgwave of communist-inspired revolutions around the world and, with many deathsultimately, the country saw widespread revoltsCold War. The Tsar faced losing power and made significant concessions to secure his position. He granted a constitution and allowed for the creation Revolution is often inevitable because of an elected Parliament the Duma, all unequal nature of which limited his powersRussian society and its undemocratic political system.<ref>FigesHowever, p. 65</ref> This managed to placate the revolutionaries and order and calm Russian Revolution was restored. The Tsar promised reforms, including land reform not unavoidable and vowed to respect directly resulted from the constitution. In impact of the years following Nicholas II failed to implement meaningful reforms, although there were some ‘real and positive changes.<ref>Lincoln, W. Bruce. ''Passage Through Armageddon: The Russians in First World War and Revolution, 1914–1918''. (New York, 1986), p. 4.</ref> The economy improved after 1905 and the Tsar began to win back some support. However, radicals were unhappy with the situation and plotted revolution, either in on Russia or in exile, such as Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Party of Communists in Switzerland.

==World War I==Background====[[File:1200px-Russian_Troops_NGMRussia was and is a vast and diverse country with a huge multi-v31-p372ethnic population.jpg|thumbnail|300px|The Russian troops moving to Empire was an autocracy, where effectively the front lines in 1917]]In 1913 there were lavish public celebrations of Tsar’s will was the 300th anniversary of the Romanov Dynasty’s rule in Russialaw. The Tsar used the anniversary to demonstrate Nicholas II ‘indulged in a fantasy of absolute power,’ and he believed that he was God had appointed by God him to rule ‘all the Russia’sthrone.<ref>Figes, Orlando. ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/014024364X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=014024364X&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=06c5bfa36690a28acda82d3d2a108211 A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891-1924]''(Pimlico, 1996), p. 117.23</ref> That year the Tsar and his family were very popular and it seemed to the revolutionaries that there would never be a revolution. However, after the assassination The Tsarist government repressed any signs of the Archduke Ferdinandorganized dissent, Europe was plunged into war. Russia was allied with France and Britain against Germanyas a result, Austro-Hungary and Turkeythere were many political prisoners. Russia invaded Prussia in 1914, but after some initial success was defeated. It also fought campaigns against the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empire. The war on the Eastern Front became bogged down changing in trench warfare. Russia endured very heavy casualties and it placed a great strain on its resources. Poverty increased and food supplies became scarcer and the lives early years of many ordinary people became intolerable. The Tsarist government became very unpopular. A scandal also made the Tsar and his family hated by manytwentieth century. A Siberian holy manIt was rapidly industrializing, called Rasputin gained great influence with the Tsar and his family, as he claimed to have the ability to heal the crown prince’s haemophilia. This brought him ‘immense power and prestige at Court’ but it scandalized manycountry’s economy was growing fast.<ref>Figes, p. 31.86</ref> By 1917, the Russian people were war weary and strikes became very common. The Tsar refused to enter into peace negotiations with the Central Powers, despite several defeats on the Eastern Front and the suffering of the ordinary people.

==February A new industrial class of workers was emerging, and October Revolutions 1917==By February 1917 the situation society was becoming increasingly urbanized. However, this class was unbearable for the average Russian soldier impoverished and lived and citizensworked in appalling conditions. A series The majority of strikes the population were staged in Ststill peasants that often worked the land for wealthy landlords and endured lives of great hardship. Petersburg The industrial workers and the Tsar ordered peasants did not benefit from the army to break the strikeseconomic expansion in any way. Russia’s economic growth did create a new middle class. Instead However, this class was excluded from the army mutinied political system and began to fraternize with the strikers.<ref>Robert Service (2005). ''A history of modern Russia from Nicholas II to Vladimir Putin''. Harvard University Press</ref> The authority of resented the Tsar simply ebbed away Tsar’s restrictions on its political and he was forced to abdicatepersonal freedoms. A Provisional Government that claimed to represent Only the workers aristocracy and the peasants took power. This became known as elite supported the October Revolution.<ref>Malone, Richard (2004). ''Analyzing the Russian Revolution''. Australia: Cambridge University Press. p. 67Tsarist government and just out of self-interest.</ref>

However====1905 Revolution====[[File:The_Russian_Revolution, following the collapse _1905_Q81553.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px|Barricades manned by workers of Schmidt factory in the Tsarist government many local committees known as SovietsMoscow, took power all over RussiaDec. They often refused to recognize 1905]] There was widespread discontent in the authority of the Provisional GovernmentRussian Empire. Many of Since the Soviets were dominated by 1890s, various terrorist organizations had waged a violent campaign against the Bolsheviks or Communists who Tsar’s regime. There were loyal to their exiled leader Lenin. The Provisional government wanted to continue with many radical political parties active in the war and this made it very unpopular with many especially country, including the SovietsBolshevik party. Radical groups like the Bolsheviks stated that they wanted to bring an end to the war<ref>Wood, Alan (1993). They also made themselves very popular by promising food to the people and the redistribution of land''[https://www. Their slogan was ‘Peace and Bread’amazon. com/gp/product/0415307341/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415307341&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=c7ddf62267e62ec99e78cd6a10e4245b The Provisional Government was fast losing control Origins of the situationRussian Revolution, 1861-1917]''. London: Routledge</ref> Many people believed that Russian soldiers began deserting and the army was close to defeatripe for a revolution. However, In 1905 Russia was routed by the leader of the Provisional Government, Alexander Kerensky refused to compromiseJapanese Empire in a brief war in North-East Asia. This defeat was to prove fatala national humiliation, and the Tsar and his government became very unpopular.

Lenin organised his Bolshevik forces and decided Immediately, those who were unhappy with the existing system began to stage agitate for change. When Cossacks violently broke up a revolt that would seize power demonstration in Petrograd (formerly known as St Petersburg), with many deaths, the country saw widespread revolts. The Tsar faced losing power and made significant concessions to secure his position. On He granted a constitution and allowed for the night creation of October they seized an elected Duma. This parliament then limited his powers.<ref>Figes, p. 65</ref> This managed to appease the Winter Palace revolutionaries, and order and calm were restored. The Tsar promised reforms, including land reform, and ousted vowed to respect the Provisional Governmentconstitution. In the years following, Nicholas II failed to implement meaningful reforms, although some ‘real and positive changes.<ref>Lincoln, W. Bruce. ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0671557092/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0671557092&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=500d3127c72c2c8c8d421483668da68a Passage Through Armageddon: The event became known as the October Russians in War and Revolution, 1914–1918]''. (New York, 1986), p. 4.</ref> The next day economy improved after 1905, and the world’s was amazed Tsar began to hear of the first Communist government in historywin back some support. However, it was only after a brutal civil war that resulted radicals were unhappy with the situation and plotted revolution, either in Russia or in millions of deaths that exile, such as Lenin, the Communist were able to take full control Bolshevik Party of RussiaCommunists in Switzerland.

==Conclusions==World War I====The [[File:1200px-Russian_Troops_NGM-v31-p372.jpg|thumbnail|300px|left|Russian Revolution was caused by many factorstroops moving to the front lines in 1917]]In 1913 there were lavish public celebrations of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov Dynasty’s rule in Russia. Including an autocratic Tsarist regime The Tsar used the anniversary to demonstrate that was unwilling God appointed him to change with rule ‘all the societyRussia’s.<ref>Figes, p. 117.</ref> That made itself unpopular with its repressive policies year, the Tsar and his family were very popular, and scandalsit seemed to the revolutionaries that there would never be a revolution. However, this did not make after the Russian Revolution inevitableassassination of Archduke Ferdinand, Europe was plunged into war. The catalyst for the revolution Russia was the First World Warallied with France and Britain against Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Turkey. It accentuated the tensions Russia invaded Prussia in Russian society and unleashed forces that Romanov regime could not control1914, but after some initial success, was defeated. The suffering people and It also fought campaigns against the common soldiers grew impatient Ottoman and demanded immediate change and above all peace. The failure of the Tsarist regime to end the war resulted in the collapse of the Romanov DynastyAustro-Hungarian Empires.

<dh-ad/> The war on the Eastern Front became bogged down in trench warfare. Russia endured hefty casualties, and it placed a great strain on its resources. Food supplies became scarce, and poverty spread across Russia. Essentially, the lives of most Russians became intolerable. The Tsarist government became very unpopular. A scandal also made the Tsar and his family hated by many. A Siberian holy man called Rasputin, gained great influence with the Tsar and his family, as he claimed to have the ability to heal the crown prince’s hemophilia. This brought him ‘immense power and prestige at Court,’ but it scandalized many.<ref>Figes, p. 31.</ref> By 1917, the Russian people were war-weary, and strikes became very common. The Tsar refused to enter into peace negotiations with the Central Powers, despite several defeats on the Eastern Front and ordinary people's suffering. ====February and October Revolutions 1917====[[File:19170704_Riot_on_Nevsky_prosp_Petrograd.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px|Troops open fire on Russian protesters in 1917.]] By February 1917, the situation was unbearable for the average Russian soldier and citizens. A series of strikes were staged in St. Petersburg, and the Tsar ordered the army to break the strikes. Instead, the army mutinied and began to fraternize with the strikers.<ref>Robert Service (2005). ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/067401801X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=067401801X&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=1f1aedc66cb1d26dbbb2b33138bcf078 A history of modern Russia from Nicholas II to Vladimir Putin]''. Harvard University Press</ref> The authority of the Tsar ebbed away, and he was forced to abdicate. A Provisional Government that claimed to represent the workers and the peasants took power. This became known as the October Revolution.<ref>, Malone, Richard (2004). ''Analyzing the Russian Revolution''. Australia: Cambridge University Press. p. 67.</ref> However, following the Tsarist government's collapse, many local committees are known as Soviets and took power all over Russia. They often refused to recognize the authority of the Provisional Government. Many of the Soviets were dominated by the Bolsheviks or Communists loyal to their exiled leader Lenin. The Provisional government wanted to continue with the war, which made it very unpopular with many, especially the Soviets. Radical groups like the Bolsheviks stated that they wanted to bring an end to the war. They also made themselves very popular by promising food to the people and the redistribution of land. Their slogan was ‘Peace and Bread.’ The Provisional Government was fast losing control of the situation. Russian soldiers began deserting, and the army was close to defeat. However, the leader of the Provisional Government, Alexander Kerensky, refused to compromise. This was to prove fatal. Lenin organized his Bolshevik forces and decided to stage a revolt that would seize Petrograd's power (formerly known as St Petersburg). On the night of October, they seized the Winter Palace and ousted the Provisional Government. The event became known as the October Revolution. The next day the world was amazed to hear of the first Communist government in history. However, only after a brutal civil war resulted in millions of deaths that the Communist were able to take full control of Russia. ====Conclusions====Many factors caused the Russian Revolution. The autocratic Tsarist regime was unwilling to change with their society. The Regime's repressive policies and scandals further undermined its legitimacy. However, this did not make the Russian Revolution inevitable. The catalyst for the revolution was the First World War. It accentuated the tensions in Russian society and unleashed forces that the Romanov regime could not control. The suffering people and the common soldiers grew impatient and demanded immediate change and, above all, peace. The failure of the Tsarist regime to end the war resulted in the collapse of the Romanov Dynasty. <div class="portal" style="width:85%;">====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====*[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]*[[Why was Germany defeated at the First Battle of the Marne (1914)]]*[[Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was the impact of Ivan the Terrible on Russia?]]*[[Why did Germany not achieve victory at Verdun in 1916?]]</div> ====References====

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