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[[How Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union|Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin]] ruled over the Soviet Union between 1920 and 1953, acting as the supreme leader of the USSR. Holding the post of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he was effectively the dictator of the state. Stalin introduced his own highly centralized command economy, launching a period of industrialization and collectivization that resulted in the USSR's rapid transformation from an agrarian society into an industrial global power. Between 1934 and 1939, Stalin mercilessly carried out a series of massive political extra-judicial executions, known as the Great Purge, of major Communist Party and government rival figures as well as many Red Army high commanders without any proper trials - all convicted of alleged treason or considered a threat. These “enemies of the working class” were imprisoned, exiled, sent to forced labor camps or executed, without due process.
In the meantime, Germany revitalized under Adolf Hitler’s leadership, worked to revise the post-World War I organizational structure of Europe, imposed by the United States, England, and France. At the same time, Germany and the USST appeared to be natural enemies. [[How did Adolf Hitler become the Fuehrer Dictator and Fuhrer of Germany?|Adolf Hitler]] loathed the Communists, and Stalin publicly denounced the National Socialist Party. The two regimes were ideological enemies, and it seemed to many observers that a war between the two was inevitable at some stage. <ref>Boobbyer, Phillip <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415182980/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415182980&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=be2a9195cf0017e9147f778e95d45fbe The Stalin Era]</i> (Routledge, London, 2000),p. 178</ref>
====The Molotov–Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact====