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Relations between the United States and the Russian Empire and what eventually became the Soviet Union, and then back to Russia, have evolved tremendously since 1776. Even at the height of the Cold War, the relationship was often complex and sometimes involved cooperation. Russia also gave the United States some of its most significant and valuable territories.

====The Fall of the Russian Empire Period====

The United States did not engage significantly with Russia again until the Russian Civil War in 1918, as they now feared the rise of the Bolshevik. The allies in World War I were concerned with the rise of the Bolshevik, where they actively sent support and even volunteers to fight with the so-called White Movement. The war went badly for the White Movement, and the Red Army proved victories in most regions it fought, forming what would become the Soviet Union. Using its position in Alaska, the United States send support to the Russian Far East. The situation did not stabilize until about 1922, with the United States still refusing to recognize the now established Soviet Union until after 1922. Although the United States sided with the White Movement due to fears for socialism and communism, the rise of the Soviet Union created the first Red Scare with concerns over conspiracies. The fear of radical movements governed how the United States saw the Soviet Union, with the case of Sacco and Vanzetti being an example of fear prevalent in the United States of anyone it saw as potentially radical.<ref>For More on the Russian Empire and its fall, see: Riga, Liliana. 2012. <i>The Bolsheviks and the Russian Empire</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </ref>