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The use of drugs such as opium likely originates from prehistoric periods, although direct evidence is still entirely clear. Remains from Central Asia and across parts of Eurasia suggest plant residues that resemble cannabis have been found on braziers. In fact, the origin of marijuana comes from Central Asia and it liked reached the Near East and Europe in th the Neolithic due to migrations of populations such as the Yamnaya. Some early evidence for recreational drug use come from ancient Mesopotamia (modern Syria and Iraq) and Egypt. At Ebla, in modern western Syria, a kitchen was found in a palace from the mid 3rd millennium BCE, where the ceramics were analyzed and found to contain traces of opium. However, The Sumerians may have also cultivated opium and traded it similarly like other commodities. Opium is native to Central Asia, which suggests the plants may have been traded for or after its early use there and later attempts at local cultivation was practicedafter its trade. It is possible there were many uses for both opium and marijuana in its early use. For instance, both plants can be made into other materials such as rope. Both plants also have medicinal qualities. Nevertheless, some have suggested the evidence for seemingly large-scale production at Ebla may suggest more recreational usage. Other scenes from the Near East may also show large-scale drug use. Banquetting scenes were a common theme in art and often this involved large-scale consumption of wine. However, these may have also involved drug use including marijuana and opium. In China and India, evidence from the Bronze Age also suggests early use of opium and possibly marijuana.

In Egypt, one popular drug was the blue water lotus, where it has hallucinogenic qualities and was known to have been consumed with wine. In fact, paintings of drunken festivals with descriptions and depictions of likely orgies suggest that it was ingested for recreational use. However, recreational use may have also been part of worship ritual, as descriptions of the use of the blue lotus have been found at Karnak, the site of Egypt's most holy temple. The famous burial of Tutankhamun contained the blue lotus, which could suggest its ingestion during the life of the pharaoh. In later periods, both Greek and Roman cultures also ingested likely drugs for recreational usageopium, including using it in wine.