Changes

Every important dynasty in Mesopotamia after the Akkadians, and some dynasties outside of Mesopotamia used the Akkadian language in their writings to some extent. The First Dynasty of Babylon (ca. 1894-1595 BC), of which the famous King Hammurabi (ruled ca. 1792-1750) was a member, used Akkadian for most of their important written texts and even the Hittites (ca. 1650-1207 BC), who built their empire to the north of Mesopotamia in Anatolia, wrote many Hittite-Akkadian bilingual texts. <ref> Mieroop, p. 122</ref> The later Kassite (ca. 1374-1155 BC), Neo-Assyrian (934-609 BC), and Neo-Babylonian (625-539) dynasties all used Akkadian for their religious and historical texts. Many of the documents that describe Sargon’s legendary origins have been dated to the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires. <ref> Pritchard, p. 119</ref> Finally, even monumental inscriptions during the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC) usually used Akkadian along with Old Persian, Elamite, and sometimes Egyptian. The Akkadian language had its most significant influence, though, during the Late Bronze Age.

Akkadian was the primary written language used in Mesopotamia long after Sargon’s death, but it also became the <i>lingua franca</i> of the greater Near East during the Late Bronze Age. By about the year 1500 BC, the most powerful kingdoms of the Near East – Egypt, Kassite Babylon, Mitanni, Assyria, and Hatti – all developed extensive trade networks and diplomatic ties. To communicate, all of the major kingdoms, as well as the minor kingdoms that served as buffer states, wrote to each other in Akkadian. A cache of over 300 Akkadian diplomatic tablets was discovered in the Egyptian city of Tel el-Amarna (ancient Aketaten) in 1887. The letters reveal the details of this early global system that used Akkadian as the primary language. <ref> Moran, William L. <i>The Amarna Letters.</i> (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. xiii</ref> Along with the Akkadian diplomatic letters discovered in Egypt, scores of Akkadian literature tablets have been discovered outside of Mesopotamia, including the Hittite capital of Hattusa, the Levant cities of Ugarit and Megiddo, and Amarna. The use of Akkadian eventually became so widespread that all of the original Mesopotamian myths were translated from Sumerian into Akkadian. <ref> Meiroop, p. 116</ref>