Changes

While some women, such as Barbara Leigh Smith, focused on employ and education for women, others saw other goals as necessary. In particular, the late 19th century was increasingly focused on obtaining voting rights for women. To counteract the power of the church's interpretation of sex-based hierarchy, Stanton produced an influential work called <i>The Woman's Bible</i>, written in 1895. Although it was much maligned by Biblical scholars, Stanton tried to argue for equality using the Bible. The National Woman Suffrage Association, already established by 1869, became a prominent organizations advocating for woman suffrage, which took more radical approaches, such as rejecting the 15th Amendment unless it included woman suffrage. The other major movement was American Woman Suffrage Association, which advocated for state by stat campaigning to achieve suffrage. There was a wide split among feminists regarding the approach. However, in the late 19th century it became clear that having rival groups weakened the suffrage movement. In 1890, the two groups merged and formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). In 1869, John Allen Campbell, the first Governor of the Wyoming, granted women the right to vote, making Wyoming the first territory or state women had specific laws that expressed their rights to vote. The National Woman's Party emerged in 1916 as another suffrage organization, which broke from the NAWSA, which had focused only on states rather than any federal laws. They held high profile protests in front of the White House during World War I. Although their protests were often ignored, arguably effort by women during the war, mostly in replacing men in factories, helped many to see that women did have equal skills to men. This helped to persuade, along with the feminist organisations, many in congress that women should have the right to vote. Congress passed the 19th Amendment in 1919 and enough states ratified the amendment by 1920, making right for women to vote legal in the United States in 1920. While the process itself was contentious, often with hunger strikes and even mob violence, sometime by both sides in the argument, there continued to be problems in the 1920s. Some regions tried to argue the 19th Amendment was unconstitutional and tried to bar women from holding office or voting. Nevertheless, with the gradual acceptance of women as voters, what can be considered the First Wave of feminism had culminated in achieving a major success for women.