https://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&feed=atom&action=historyWhat was the Borgias contribution to Renaissance Italy - Revision history2024-03-28T20:42:55ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.30.0https://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=24843&oldid=prevAdmin: Admin moved page What was the Borgias contribution to Renaissance Italy? to What was the Borgias contribution to Renaissance Italy2021-10-05T04:53:57Z<p>Admin moved page <a href="/What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="What was the Borgias contribution to Renaissance Italy?">What was the Borgias contribution to Renaissance Italy?</a> to <a href="/What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy" title="What was the Borgias contribution to Renaissance Italy">What was the Borgias contribution to Renaissance Italy</a></p>
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</td></tr></table>Adminhttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=24842&oldid=prevAdmin at 04:53, 5 October 20212021-10-05T04:53:47Z<p></p>
<a href="https://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=24842&oldid=17308">Show changes</a>Adminhttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=17308&oldid=prevAdmin: /* Cesare Borgia */2019-06-08T20:08:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cesare Borgia</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alexander had supported his eldest son’s ambitions in the Papal States. Cesare was a capable soldier and an able politician and diplomat. Machiavelli used him as the model for his ideal ‘Prince’ in the classic work of political philosophy by that name.<ref> Machiavelli, Niccoli. <i>The Prince</i> (London, Penguin Books, London), p. 67</ref> He re-established Papal control over large areas of Central Italy, where powerful local families and leaders of mercenary bands had ruled cities and towns as independent rulers.  Cesare, who was head of the Papal armies, despite some setbacks was well on his way to conquering central Italy, he  believed that he could carve out a principality for himself out of these conquests. However, he knew that if anything happened to his father his position would be untenable. Despite all his undoubted brilliance and cunning he knew that his position was vulnerable and he feared that after his father’s death his enemies would destroy him.<ref> Machiavelli, p. 78</ref>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alexander had supported his eldest son’s ambitions in the Papal States. Cesare was a capable soldier and an able politician and diplomat. Machiavelli used him as the model for his ideal ‘Prince’ in the classic work of political philosophy by that name.<ref> Machiavelli, Niccoli. <i>The Prince</i> (London, Penguin Books, London), p. 67</ref> He re-established Papal control over large areas of Central Italy, where powerful local families and leaders of mercenary bands had ruled cities and towns as independent rulers.  Cesare, who was head of the Papal armies, despite some setbacks was well on his way to conquering central Italy, he  believed that he could carve out a principality for himself out of these conquests. However, he knew that if anything happened to his father his position would be untenable. Despite all his undoubted brilliance and cunning he knew that his position was vulnerable and he feared that after his father’s death his enemies would destroy him.<ref> Machiavelli, p. 78</ref>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When his father died, he attempted to install a Pope who was predisposed to the Borgia’s and could be manipulated by him to safeguard the House of Borgia’s interests.  Cesare sent his troops to ostensibly ‘guard’ the Conclave or the assembly of Cardinals during the election of the new Pope. Cesare secured the election of his preferred candidate Pius III. Cesare hoped to ensure that with the support of this Pope that he could safeguard his power base in the Papal States. For a time, it seemed that the Pope had become the pawn of the Borgia. Pius III confirmed Cesare as commander of the Papal army and this meant that he had the strength to intimidate his enemies. The new Pope was suddenly taken ill and he died, soon after his election. Just as Pope Pius III lay dying, by coincidence Cesare was also ill.<ref> Machiavelli, p. 79</ref> This meant that Cesare could not intimidate the Cardinals, who elected the Borgia’s arch-enemy, Giuliano Della Rovere, as Pope Julius II.<ref> Sarah Bradford.<i>Cesare Borgia: His Life and Times</i>, (Phoenix, London, 2001), p. 78 </ref>  According to<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>Machiavelli, only Cesare’s illness prevented him from bringing his plans to fruition. If Cesare had been successful, he would have been the power behind the Papal Throne and indeed the Catholic Church.  Instead the new Pope, Julius II undermined Cesare’s position and eventually he was betrayed by an ally and he was sent to Spain as a prisoner and later died at a siege.  Cesare could have changed the history of the Catholic Church and indeed Italy if his plans had succeeded.<ref> Bradford, p. 117</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When his father died, he attempted to install a Pope who was predisposed to the Borgia’s and could be manipulated by him to safeguard the House of Borgia’s interests.  Cesare sent his troops to ostensibly ‘guard’ the Conclave or the assembly of Cardinals during the election of the new Pope. Cesare secured the election of his preferred candidate Pius III. Cesare hoped to ensure that with the support of this Pope that he could safeguard his power base in the Papal States. For a time, it seemed that the Pope had become the pawn of the Borgia. Pius III confirmed Cesare as commander of the Papal army and this meant that he had the strength to intimidate his enemies. The new Pope was suddenly taken ill and he died, soon after his election. Just as Pope Pius III lay dying, by coincidence Cesare was also ill.<ref> Machiavelli, p. 79</ref> This meant that Cesare could not intimidate the Cardinals, who elected the Borgia’s arch-enemy, Giuliano Della Rovere, as Pope Julius II.<ref>Sarah Bradford. <i><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0025144006/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0025144006&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=d8b244a12cee09107cc1cbbe806ded3a </ins>Cesare Borgia: His Life and Times<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins></i>, (Phoenix, London, 2001), p. 78 </ref>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to Machiavelli, only Cesare’s illness prevented him from bringing his plans to fruition. If Cesare had been successful, he would have been the power behind the Papal Throne and indeed the Catholic Church.  Instead the new Pope, Julius II undermined Cesare’s position and eventually he was betrayed by an ally and he was sent to Spain as a prisoner and later died at a siege.  Cesare could have changed the history of the Catholic Church and indeed Italy if his plans had succeeded.<ref> Bradford, p. 117</ref></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Conclusion====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Conclusion====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=17307&oldid=prevAdmin: /* Background */2019-06-08T20:06:30Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Background</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Background====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Background====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The family originated from Valencia in modern Spain, then in the Kingdom of Aragon. There have been claims that the family was of Jewish origin. The first prominent Borgia was Alfonse de Borja (1372-1458) who was a distinguished law professor who later worked in the Curia, (Papal bureaucracy) and became a cardinal. He eventually became Pope Calixtus II, at an advanced age, but he only reigned as Pope for less than three years.<ref> Fusero, Clemete. <i>The Borgias</i>. (New York, Praeger Publishers, 1966), p. 67</ref>  He did not achieve much as Pope apart from appointing his nephew to the Curia. Rodrigo Borgia (1451-1503) was a brilliant and charismatic man who was a gifted canon lawyer and able diplomat. He was made a cardinal and proved an able administrator. Rodrigo was elected Pope in 1492 and became Alexander VI. Like many other clerics, at the time, he had illicit relationships with women and he had four children with the beautiful Giula Farnese.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The family originated from Valencia in modern Spain, then in the Kingdom of Aragon. There have been claims that the family was of Jewish origin. The first prominent Borgia was Alfonse de Borja (1372-1458) who was a distinguished law professor who later worked in the Curia, (Papal bureaucracy) and became a cardinal. He eventually became Pope Calixtus II, at an advanced age, but he only reigned as Pope for less than three years.<ref> Fusero, Clemete. <i><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0006C2XJS/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B0006C2XJS&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=8123bc3802e591d04a50ddedad6c98bb </ins>The Borgias<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins></i>. (New York, Praeger Publishers, 1966), p. 67</ref>  He did not achieve much as Pope apart from appointing his nephew to the Curia. Rodrigo Borgia (1451-1503) was a brilliant and charismatic man who was a gifted canon lawyer and able diplomat. He was made a cardinal and proved an able administrator. Rodrigo was elected Pope in 1492 and became Alexander VI. Like many other clerics, at the time, he had illicit relationships with women and he had four children with the beautiful Giula Farnese.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pope Alexander was a loving father and did not hide his children from public view. Instead, he tried to arrange for their futures by marrying them to some of the most distinguished families in Europe. The family motto was ‘’Either a Caesar or nothing’’ and they lived up to this motto. They were ambitious and this was to make them very many enemies. Despite Alexander’s hopes, the family was soon embroiled in wars and feuds with the other leading families in Italy.<ref> Fusero, p. 112</ref> Cesare was probably the most capable and the most notorious family and he tried to influence the papacy, after the death of his father. However, after his attempts to elect a puppet, Pope failed he was forced to flee Italy and this was to make the end of the power of the Borgia’s in Italy.   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pope Alexander was a loving father and did not hide his children from public view. Instead, he tried to arrange for their futures by marrying them to some of the most distinguished families in Europe. The family motto was ‘’Either a Caesar or nothing’’ and they lived up to this motto. They were ambitious and this was to make them very many enemies. Despite Alexander’s hopes, the family was soon embroiled in wars and feuds with the other leading families in Italy.<ref> Fusero, p. 112</ref> Cesare was probably the most capable and the most notorious family and he tried to influence the papacy, after the death of his father. However, after his attempts to elect a puppet, Pope failed he was forced to flee Italy and this was to make the end of the power of the Borgia’s in Italy.   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The family is widely seen as evil and responsible for every crime and outrage. In truth, the Borgias were no better or worse than other leading Renaissance families and were certainly no worse than some of their rivals such as the Sforza’s in Milan.  The ‘Borgia’ myth is still very powerful to this day. This is seen in the best-known female Borgia, Lucrezia, often portrayed as a vicious poisoner and schemer, but she was nothing like her image.<ref>Bradford, Sarah (2005). <i>Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love and Death in Renaissance Italy</i> (Reprint ed.). Penguin. pp. 67–68 </ref> The Borgia’s were widely condemned and vilified in Renaissance Italy because of their Spanish heritage. Many Italians hated the Borgias because they were outsiders and resented their role in the Papacy and Italy and this led to the creation of the ‘Borgia myth.’<ref> Bradford, p. 112</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The family is widely seen as evil and responsible for every crime and outrage. In truth, the Borgias were no better or worse than other leading Renaissance families and were certainly no worse than some of their rivals such as the Sforza’s in Milan.  The ‘Borgia’ myth is still very powerful to this day. This is seen in the best-known female Borgia, Lucrezia, often portrayed as a vicious poisoner and schemer, but she was nothing like her image.<ref>Bradford, Sarah (2005). <i><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0143035959/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0143035959&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=ee6c4851570d01145c43d4b07ae79e64 </ins>Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love and Death in Renaissance Italy<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins></i> (Reprint ed.). Penguin. pp. 67–68 </ref> The Borgia’s were widely condemned and vilified in Renaissance Italy because of their Spanish heritage. Many Italians hated the Borgias because they were outsiders and resented their role in the Papacy and Italy and this led to the creation of the ‘Borgia myth.’<ref> Bradford, p. 112</ref></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Borgia Popes====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Borgia Popes====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=17306&oldid=prevAdmin at 20:04, 8 June 20192019-06-08T20:04:29Z<p></p>
<a href="https://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=17306&oldid=17305">Show changes</a>Adminhttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=17305&oldid=prevAdmin at 20:02, 8 June 20192019-06-08T20:02:32Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Borgia Family and their enemies==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Borgia Family and their enemies==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Borgia Two.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Lucrezia Borgia ]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Borgia Two.jpg|thumbnail|300px<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|left</ins>|Lucrezia Borgia ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pope Alexander was very ambitious for his children, especially his sons. He was aware that after his death that his family could lose their position and be at the mercy of his enemies. This led him to secure their future through marriages to the great families. However, Alexander was not satisfied with this and sought to establish principalities for his children, in Papal Lands.<ref>Woodward, W.H.  <i>Cesare Borgia: A Biography</i>, (Chapman & Hall, London, 1913), p. 78</ref> This was to lead to series of conflicts with some of the most powerful leaders and princes in Italy. Alexander’s aggrandizement of the Borgia Family was to destabilize Italy.  They were engaged in many feuds with families such as the Sforza and the de Medici and this led to growing instability in the peninsula.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pope Alexander was very ambitious for his children, especially his sons. He was aware that after his death that his family could lose their position and be at the mercy of his enemies. This led him to secure their future through marriages to the great families. However, Alexander was not satisfied with this and sought to establish principalities for his children, in Papal Lands.<ref>Woodward, W.H.  <i>Cesare Borgia: A Biography</i>, (Chapman & Hall, London, 1913), p. 78</ref> This was to lead to series of conflicts with some of the most powerful leaders and princes in Italy. Alexander’s aggrandizement of the Borgia Family was to destabilize Italy.  They were engaged in many feuds with families such as the Sforza and the de Medici and this led to growing instability in the peninsula.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=13527&oldid=prevEricLambrecht: insert middle ad2018-11-22T21:14:34Z<p>insert middle ad</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Borgia Two.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Lucrezia Borgia ]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Borgia Two.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Lucrezia Borgia ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pope Alexander was very ambitious for his children, especially his sons. He was aware that after his death that his family could lose their position and be at the mercy of his enemies. This led him to secure their future through marriages to the great families. However, Alexander was not satisfied with this and sought to establish principalities for his children, in Papal Lands.<ref>Woodward, W.H.  <i>Cesare Borgia: A Biography</i>, (Chapman & Hall, London, 1913), p. 78</ref> This was to lead to series of conflicts with some of the most powerful leaders and princes in Italy. Alexander’s aggrandizement of the Borgia Family was to destabilize Italy.  They were engaged in many feuds with families such as the Sforza and the de Medici and this led to growing instability in the peninsula.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pope Alexander was very ambitious for his children, especially his sons. He was aware that after his death that his family could lose their position and be at the mercy of his enemies. This led him to secure their future through marriages to the great families. However, Alexander was not satisfied with this and sought to establish principalities for his children, in Papal Lands.<ref>Woodward, W.H.  <i>Cesare Borgia: A Biography</i>, (Chapman & Hall, London, 1913), p. 78</ref> This was to lead to series of conflicts with some of the most powerful leaders and princes in Italy. Alexander’s aggrandizement of the Borgia Family was to destabilize Italy.  They were engaged in many feuds with families such as the Sforza and the de Medici and this led to growing instability in the peninsula.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><dh-ad/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alexander sought to carve out a principality for his youngest son in lands owned by the Pope but situated in the Kingdom of Naples. The King resisted this and this led to Pope Alexander to enter an alliance with the French Monarch. Charles VII of France claimed the Kingdom of Naples. Pope Alexander vowed to recognize the claims of the French king and agreed to help him invade the Kingdom of Naples. In return the King would create a principality for the youngest Borgia son<ref> Hale, p. 119</ref>. This led to an invasion of Italy by the French King, it seemed at one time that Charles VII would renege on his agreement and depose Alexander. The French army eventually occupied Naples but it was decimated by a plague and was forced to retreat. The invasion by France was to mark a new and bloody era in the history of Italy. Spain, newly unified decided to contest French claims to Naples and this led to a series of bloody wars in Italy.<ref> Hale, p. 120</ref> These wars were eventually won by Spain and it came to dominate Italy until the eighteenth century. Under Spanish rule, the power of the Church grew and the Inquisition became more powerful leading to the end of the Renaissance. Pope Alexander VII selfish pursuit of his family’s interests greatly contributed to the outbreak of a series of wars in Italy that eventually led to the end of the Renaissance and leave Italy as only a dependency of Spain.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alexander sought to carve out a principality for his youngest son in lands owned by the Pope but situated in the Kingdom of Naples. The King resisted this and this led to Pope Alexander to enter an alliance with the French Monarch. Charles VII of France claimed the Kingdom of Naples. Pope Alexander vowed to recognize the claims of the French king and agreed to help him invade the Kingdom of Naples. In return the King would create a principality for the youngest Borgia son<ref> Hale, p. 119</ref>. This led to an invasion of Italy by the French King, it seemed at one time that Charles VII would renege on his agreement and depose Alexander. The French army eventually occupied Naples but it was decimated by a plague and was forced to retreat. The invasion by France was to mark a new and bloody era in the history of Italy. Spain, newly unified decided to contest French claims to Naples and this led to a series of bloody wars in Italy.<ref> Hale, p. 120</ref> These wars were eventually won by Spain and it came to dominate Italy until the eighteenth century. Under Spanish rule, the power of the Church grew and the Inquisition became more powerful leading to the end of the Renaissance. Pope Alexander VII selfish pursuit of his family’s interests greatly contributed to the outbreak of a series of wars in Italy that eventually led to the end of the Renaissance and leave Italy as only a dependency of Spain.</div></td></tr>
</table>EricLambrechthttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=5770&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:00, 5 January 20172017-01-05T17:00:15Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Borgia One.jpg|thumbnail|300px|left|Pope Alexander VI ]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Borgia One.jpg|thumbnail|300px|left|Pope Alexander VI ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The House of Borgia was an Italo-Spanish noble family, who became one of the most prominent and powerful families of the Italian Renaissance. They were very active in the ecclesiastical and the political affairs in Italy in the late 16th century. The family produced two Popes and Cesare Borgia, one of the most infamous figures of the Renaissance. The family was suspected of many crimes and they have become legendary figures. This article will attempt to disentangle fact from fiction and evaluate the contribution of the Borgia Family to the Italian Renaissance and the Papacy. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It will show that </del>the family played a very important part in the evolution of the Papacy. Their ambitions <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">helped to destabilize </del>Renaissance Italy<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, especially </del>Cesare Borgia <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with his attempt </del>to create a principality for himself out of the Papal States.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The House of Borgia was an Italo-Spanish noble family, who became one of the most prominent and powerful families of the Italian Renaissance. They were very active in the ecclesiastical and the political affairs in Italy in the late 16th century. The family produced two Popes and Cesare Borgia, one of the most infamous figures of the Renaissance. The family was suspected of many crimes and they have become legendary figures. This article will attempt to disentangle fact from fiction and evaluate the contribution of the Borgia Family to the Italian Renaissance and the Papacy. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ultimately, </ins>the family played a very important part in the evolution of the Papacy. Their ambitions <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also destabilized </ins>Renaissance Italy <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </ins>Cesare Borgia <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">efforts </ins>to create a principality for himself out of the Papal States <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wreaked havoc on Italy</ins>.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Background==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Background==</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=5769&oldid=prevAdmin at 16:57, 5 January 20172017-01-05T16:57:30Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:57, 5 January 2017</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Borgia One.jpg|thumbnail|300px|left|Pope Alexander VI ]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Borgia One.jpg|thumbnail|300px|left|Pope Alexander VI ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The House of Borgia was an Italo-Spanish noble family, who became one of the most prominent families of the Italian Renaissance. They were very active in the ecclesiastical and the political affairs in Italy in the late 16th century. The family produced two Popes and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the sinister figure of </del>Cesare Borgia <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">who became </del>one of the most <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">notorious characters in </del>the Renaissance. The family was suspected of many crimes and they have become legendary figures. This article will attempt to disentangle fact from fiction and evaluate the contribution of the Borgia Family to the Italian Renaissance and the Papacy. It will show that the family played a very important part in the evolution of the Papacy. Their ambitions helped to destabilize Renaissance Italy, especially Cesare Borgia with his attempt to create a principality for himself out of the Papal States.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The House of Borgia was an Italo-Spanish noble family, who became one of the most prominent <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and powerful </ins>families of the Italian Renaissance. They were very active in the ecclesiastical and the political affairs in Italy in the late 16th century. The family produced two Popes and Cesare Borgia<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>one of the most <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">infamous figures of </ins>the Renaissance. The family was suspected of many crimes and they have become legendary figures. This article will attempt to disentangle fact from fiction and evaluate the contribution of the Borgia Family to the Italian Renaissance and the Papacy. It will show that the family played a very important part in the evolution of the Papacy. Their ambitions helped to destabilize Renaissance Italy, especially Cesare Borgia with his attempt to create a principality for himself out of the Papal States.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Background==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Background==</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_was_the_Borgias_contribution_to_Renaissance_Italy&diff=5768&oldid=prevAdmin at 16:55, 5 January 20172017-01-05T16:55:10Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Borgia’s driving ambition was also a factor in destabilizing Italy and Pope Alexander played a part in encouraging France to invade Italy which was to lead to almost three decades of war. Cesare was as brilliant as his father but did further damage to the reputation of the Church and the Papacy and his ambitions in the Papal States led to unnecessary wars and conflicts. The Borgias were not particular, corrupt or evil. However, the family and their ambitions did damage the institutions of the Renaissance Papacy, upset the balance of power among the City-States and they helped to usher in a new and bloody phase in Italian history.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Borgia’s driving ambition was also a factor in destabilizing Italy and Pope Alexander played a part in encouraging France to invade Italy which was to lead to almost three decades of war. Cesare was as brilliant as his father but did further damage to the reputation of the Church and the Papacy and his ambitions in the Papal States led to unnecessary wars and conflicts. The Borgias were not particular, corrupt or evil. However, the family and their ambitions did damage the institutions of the Renaissance Papacy, upset the balance of power among the City-States and they helped to usher in a new and bloody phase in Italian history.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==References==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><references/></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Related DailyHistory.org Articles==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Related DailyHistory.org Articles==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l47" >Line 47:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 44:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What was the influence of Emperor Frederick II on the Italian Renaissance?]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What was the influence of Emperor Frederick II on the Italian Renaissance?]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:Renaissance History}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:Renaissance History}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==References==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><references/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Italian History]] [[Category:Renaissance History]] [[Category:European History]][[category:wikis]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Italian History]] [[Category:Renaissance History]] [[Category:European History]][[category:wikis]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Admin