15,697
edits
Changes
no edit summary
{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}
__NOTOC__
[[File:StudentDemonstrators_(1).jpg|thumbnail|left|250px|Students protesting conditions in East Los Angeles schools in 1968.]]
The 1960s and 1970s have been well documented and covered historically by scholars interested in the Black Liberation Movement, Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks, amongst other popular African American civil rights activists. What we know about the African American/Black civil rights movements are the obvious events leading up to the political revolutions that ensued. Segregation, Jim Crow laws, and the scars of slavery had all had their violent and discriminatory effects on the African American/Black population, especially in the South.
Unfortunately, the history of the powerful movement that was comprised of millions of Mexican and Mexican American individuals in the U.S. Southwest that happened concurrently to the African American/Black civil rights movement has been somewhat neglected. These individuals leading this movement eventually claimed the political identity of Chicano. Chicano had previously been a derogatory word used by Mexican and Mexican Americans in the U.S. for individuals who were poor and recent immigrants to the U.S.<ref>Richard Griswold del Castillo and Arnoldo de León, ''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008W0J13C/ref=as_li_tl?ie=IntroductionUTF8&camp=1789&creative= 9325&creativeASIN=B008W0J13C&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=c9431f9c6cb484902ece972dde717853 North to Aztlan: A History of Mexican Americans in the United States]'', (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996), 126.</ref> In the 1960s and 1970s, Chicanos reclaimed the word in order to signify that their indigenous ancestry and culture were important to them, as well as to the land they had lost from Spanish and American imperialism.
====El Movieminto====The 1960s Chicano movement, or El Moviemiento, was complex and 1970s have been well documented and covered historically by scholars interested came in the Black Liberation Movementto being after decades of discrimination, Martin Luther King, Malcolm Xsegregation, and Rosa Parks, amongst other popular African American civil rights activists. What issues arising over decades of war and violence around the region we now know about as the African AmericanU.S./Black civil rights movements are the obvious events leading up to the political revolutions that ensuedMexican border. The East L.A. Segregation, Jim Crow laws, and the scars School Walkouts were an expression of slavery had all had their violent and discriminatory effects on the African American/Black population, especially in frustration over the South. Unfortunately, there has been a silencing treatment of the powerful movement that was comprised larger Chicano community by Anglos both in and out of millions of Mexican and Mexican American individuals in the U.S. Southwest that happened during the same time as the African American/Black civil rights movementclassroom. These individuals eventually came Contemporaneously to claim the political identitywalkouts, Chicanothe United Farm Workers Movement was in full throttle. Chicano had previously been a derogatory word used by Mexican Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta were organizing strikes and convincing Mexican Americans in the U.S. for individuals who were poor and newly immigrated in Filipino laborers to the Ubecome union members.S<ref>Matt Garcia, but was rarely used at all. (Richard Griswold del Castillo "A Moveable Feast: The UFW Grape Boycott and Arnoldo de LeónFarm Worker Justice, " ''North to Aztlan: A International Labor and Working Class History of Mexican Americans in the United States'', 83, (New York: Twayne PublishersSpring, 19962013), 126: 146-153.</ref> The East L.A.) In School Walkouts walkouts were critical component of the spark ignited the 1960s Chicano and 1970s, Chicano’s reclaimed the word in order Mexican American community to signify that begin the indigenous ancestry was important to them and fight for equality alongside their cultureNative American, Asian, as well as to the land they had lost from Spanish and African American imperialismbrothers and sisters during the Civil Rights Era.
====COINTELPRO and Infiltration====What these students and organizers did not anticipate was the amount of push back they would receive from the federal government and the new COINTELPRO (Counterintelligence Program) that Herbert Hoover initiated in response to the Black Panthers and the Black Liberation movements in order to successfully stop and dismantle and civil rights movement. The protesters and organizers of the walkouts thought that they were exercising their constitutional rights to freedom of speech and protest. Unfortunately, thirteen members that were involved with the planning and organization of the East L.A. walkouts would be targeted and arrested for treason by COINTELPRO and the federal government. Sal Castro, a teacher who supported the students and spoke out against racist and discriminatory practices at Lincoln High in East L.A., would be included in the group of thirteen, which sparked uproar in the community in order to reinstate him as a teacher at Lincoln High. Eventually, the federal government would release Sal Castro and the other twelve individuals because of the unconstitutional nature of the arrests. As the American public became even more aware of Chicanos, the school walkouts, and their ability to form their own unique movements amongst the larger political atmosphere of the decade.<ref>Michael Soldatenko, “Mexican Student Movements in Los Angeles and Mexico City,” ''Latino Studies'', 1 (2003): 291.</ref>
What these students did not anticipate was the amount of push back they would receive from infiltration by the federal government of the East L.A. walkouts and the new COINTELPRO operation various groups that Herbert Hoover initiated in response had begun to the Black Panthers emerge like MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chican@ de Aztlan) and MAYO (Mexican American Youth Organization) told the Black Liberation movements in order to successfully stop Mexican American and dismantle Chicano community was that they were considered dangerous and civil rights hostile. This would only fuel the fire that was the movement and begin to confirm that would arisethe Anglo community had no intentions of listening or even considering what Chicano’s and their allies had to say. Thirteen members The COINTELPROs existence was enough proof to argue that were involved with the planning federal government supported racial discrimination towards people of color, and organization in the case of the East L.A. walkouts Chicano movement, the infiltration and the resulting protests and creation of community organizations would only be targeted the beginning of a long fight for social, economic, and arrested political justice for treason by COINTELPRO and their people. <div class="portal" style='float:right; width:35%'>====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====*[[What was the Second Wave Feminist Movement?]]*[[Interview:Re-evaluating the federal government. Sal Castro, a teacher who supported Albany Civil Rights Movement: Interview with Lee Formwalt]]*[[How Did the students and spoke out against racist and discriminatory practices at Lincoln High German Military Develop Blitzkrieg?]]*[[Why was France defeated in 1940?]]*[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]</div>====Conclusion====The East L.A., walkouts is only one of the important markers signifying the beginnings of a political revolution that would be included in eventually span the group entire Southwest of thirteen the U.S. Non-profit organizations and would spark uproar in other community organization rose out of the community Chicano movement in order to reinstate him as a teacher at Lincoln Highbetter serve the local Chicano communities. EventuallyThese organization not only protested unfair conditions, but advanced Chicano rights through legal representation. These walkouts also helped spur the federal government would release Sal Castro and creation the other twelve individuals because of the unconstitutional nature Chicana movement of the arrests Mexican and the UMexican American women.S. public became even more aware Chicanas came out of this important era with an understanding of Chicano’s, the school walkouts, how both racism and their ability to form sexism played a role in their own unique movements amongst oppression that barred them from leadership positions during the larger political atmosphere of 1960s through the decade1980s.(Michael Soldatenko, “Mexican Student Movements in Los Angeles and Mexico City,” ''Latino Studies'', 1 (2003): 291.)
==Conclusion=References===<references/>