Changes

In the Middle East and Asia, astronomy had developed and retained knowledge from ancient periods to allow the development of accurate calendars and to make accurate predictions of the movement of celestial bodies. However, in Western Europe, after the fall of Rome, astronomy had made limited or few advancements.  This changed by the 16th-17th centuries. Advancements in optics, made in the Islamic world by the early Medieval period, and then created into a telescope by Galileo Galilei in the 16th century.