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One obvious influence of the Roman Empire is the idea of a republic, a concept of governing by elected legislative and executive systems. The system in Rome also had a judicial system that, similar to today, was considered as a way to uphold citizens’ rights and represent one of the checks and balances in government.<ref>For a general discussion on the Roman Republic and its governing influence see: Millar, Fergus. 2002. ''The Roman Republic in Political Thought.'' The Menahem Stern Jerusalem Lectures. Hanover: University Press of New England.</ref> While clearly many democracies today have based their systems on this Roman concept, the legacy of Rome has been in continuous use since the fall of the Roman Empire. In fact, it It was not just the Roman Republic but also the Roman Empire, the concept of strong central government ruled by an emperor who brought order and power, that profoundly influenced Asian and European governments particularly in the centuries that followed the fall of Rome.

====Monarchs and Emperors====In the centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it is commonly viewed that Europe entered a dark age, where few historical documents are known, and the Roman economic and political systems had collapsed. However, what is also obvious is that very soon after the collapse of the Roman Empire, local rulers and monarchs that arose began to emulate and adopt Roman governmental traditions and laws.<ref>For example, Roman laws influenced some Germanic tribes in governance and law practice, eventually shaping what became adopted and codified later. See: Stein, Peter. 1999. ''Roman Law in European History.'' New York: Cambridge University Press, pg. 31.</ref>[[File:Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumbnail|250px|left|Augustus Caesar]]

In We see that the centuries after Roman Empire did continue in the fall form of the Roman Byzantine Empire in the 5th century ADMiddle East and Eastern Europe. Here, it is commonly viewed that Europe entered the rulers titled themselves as emperors in a dark age, where few historical documents are known and similar manner to the Roman economic Empire and political systems had collapsedsaw themselves as carrying Roman traditions. HoweverIn Western Europe, what is also obvious is that very soon Charlemagne (742-814) was the first monarch to unite much of the region after the collapse fall of the Roman Empire. The title he took as he achieved this was “Emperor of the Romans” and was crowned in Rome, local rulers and monarchs that arose began to emulate and adopt symbolic of past Roman governmental traditions authority.<ref>Story, Joanna, ed. 2005. ''Charlemagne: Empire and lawsSociety.'' Manchester ; New York: Manchester University Press, pg. 53.</ref>For example, Roman laws influenced some Germanic tribes Similar traditions were also present in governance Slavic and law practiceGermanic cultures, eventually shaping what became adopted with the titles of Tsar and codified laterKaiser deriving from the word Caesar, denoting an imperial title or ruler with the central authority. See: Stein<ref>Stevenson, PeterTom. 19992014. ''Julius Caesar and the Transformation of the Roman Law in European HistoryRepublic.'' New York: Cambridge University PressRutledge, pg. 315.</ref>The ideals of an orderly state with strong central government were ideals rulers in Russia and Europe tried to emulate.

We see that One of the Roman Empire didbiggest influences, in facthowever, continue came later in the form Middle Ages (late 11th century) after the discovery of the Byzantine Empire in the Middle East and Eastern Europe. HereRoman Digest, the rulers titled themselves as emperors in which was a similar manner compilation of Roman laws. This discovery led to the Roman Empire and saw themselves some European countries adopting it as carrying Roman traditionspart of their common law that governed day-to-day matters. In Western Europe, Charlemagne (742-814) was This discovery led to the first monarch to unite much founding of the region after first university in Europe, the fall University of the Bologna, initially to study Roman Empirelaw. The title he took as he achieved this was “Emperor of <ref>For a discussion on the Romans” and was crowned Digest see: Stein, Peter. 1999. ''Roman Law in RomeEuropean History.'' New York: Cambridge University Press, symbolic pg. 44.</ref> One example influence of past Roman authoritylaw is the right to return faulty purchases by buyers used today in many countries.<ref>Story, JoannaWatson, edAlan. 20052009. ''CharlemagneThe Digest of Justinian: Volume 3: Empire and SocietyThe Digest of Justinian.Volume 3'' Manchester ; New York. Philadelphia, Pa: Manchester University of Pennsylvania Press,pg. 53385.</ref> Similar traditions were also present The Napoleonic code in France is still influential today in Slavic the French government and Germanic cultureseven around the world, with the titles as it asserted individual rights about a wide range of Tsar subjects including commercial and Kaiser deriving from the word Caesarlegal areas, denoting an imperial title or ruler with central authoritywhich at its core is based on Roman laws.<ref>StevensonTarr, TomG. Alan. 2014. ''Julius Caesar Judicial Process and the Transformation of the Roman RepublicJudicial Policymaking.'' New YorkSixth edition. Boston, MA: RutledgeWadsworth Cengage Learning, pg. 57.</ref> The ideals of an orderly state with strong central government were ideals rulers in Russia and Europe tried to emulate.

One of the biggest influences, however, came later in the Middle Ages (late 11th century) after the discovery of the Roman Digest, which was a compilation of ====The Democracies====While Roman governing laws. This discovery led to have had a number of profound global influence, particularly as European countries adopting it as part of their common law that governed day-based empires and governing ideas were spread to-day matters. In fact, this discovery led to the founding different parts of the first university globe in Europethe 18th and later centuries, the University new forms of Bologna, initially to study government appeared that included numerous Roman lawgoverning concepts. <ref>For a discussion on In the Digest see: SteinUnited States, Peter. 1999. ''Roman Law after its founding in European History.'' New York: Cambridge University Press1776, pg. 44.</ref> One example influence of Roman law is the right to return faulty purchases political system was more influenced by buyers used today in many countries.<ref>Watson, Alan. 2009. ''The Digest of Justinian: Volume 3: The Digest of Justinian.Volume 3''. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press, pg. 385.</ref> The Napoleonic code Roman ideas than it was in France is still influential today in the French government and even around the world, places such as it asserted individual rights pertaining to a wide range of subjects including commercial and legal areasBritain, which at its core is based on Roman laws.<ref> Tarr, G. Alan. 2014. ''Judicial Process and Judicial Policymaking.'' Sixth edition. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, pg. 7already had a democratic system that was less influenced by Rome.</ref>

==The Democracies==creation of the United States government was heavily influenced by its founding leaders when they drafted their Constitution in 1787. These founding fathers were influenced by Cicero and others and developed the idea of checks and balances from the Roman concept that affects the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.<ref>Bederman, David J. 2008. ''The Classical Foundations of the American Constitution: Prevailing Wisdom''. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, pg. 82.</ref> The Roman and United States systems both had an executive branch that is elected. The Roman legislative branches consisted of several branches, including a Senate that has since lent its name to the United States Senate. The idea of multiple legislative branches influenced what eventually becomes the Senate and House of Representatives as the two branches of legislation in the United States.

While Roman governing laws have had a profound global influenceThe judicial system in Rome also consisted of Praetors who also served as high judges, similar in concept to the Supreme Court.<ref>Madden, particularly as EuropeanThomas F. 2008. Empires of Trust: How Rome Built--based empires and governing ideas were spread America Is Building--a New World. New York: Dutton.</ref> The Roman legal code acted similarly to different parts the Bill of Rights, although the globe in the 18th and later centuries, new forms of government began to appear that were also influenced by Roman conceptscode only affected freeborn male citizens. In Similar to Rome, in the United States, after its founding in 1776only male citizens were initially allowed to vote and, the political system was more influenced by Roman ideas than it was in places such as Britaintherefore, which already had a democratic system that was less influenced by Romeinfluence government. The the creation of Judiciary system in the United States government was heavily influenced affected by its founding leaders when they drafted their Constitution in 1787Roman practices, and to this day legal terms apply Latin Roman phrases. These founding fathers were influenced by Cicero and others and developed For instance, the idea ideas of checks and balances from the Roman concept that affects the executivehaving a preliminary hearing, legislativeappeal, and judicial branchesor trial by jury are Roman concepts.<ref>BedermanFishwick, David JMarshall William. 20082007. ''The Classical Foundations of the American Constitution: Prevailing WisdomCicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture.''. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Haworth Press, pg. 82183. Also: Waelkens, Laurent. 2015. ''Amne Adverse.'' [S.l.]: Leuven University Press.</ref> The Roman and United States systems both had an executive branch that is elected. The Roman legislative branches consisted of several branches, including a Senate that has since lent its name to the United States Senate. The idea of multiple legislative branches influenced what eventually becomes the Senate and House of Representatives as the two branches of legislation in the United States.

The judicial system ====Summary====Ideas and concepts from the Roman Empire, such as an absolute supreme leader or emperor in Rome also consisted the form of Praetors who also served as high judgesCaesar, similar in concept to the Supreme Court.<ref>Madden, Thomas F. 2008. Empires of Trust: How Rome Built--and America Is Building--a New World. New York: Dutton.</ref> The Roman legal code acted similarly to the Bill of RightsRepublic, although have heavily influenced governments around the Roman code only world. These have affected freeborn male citizens. Similar to Romeall branches of government utilized today, in including the United States only male citizens were initially allowed to vote andexecutive, thereforelegislative, have influence on governmentand judicial branches. The Judiciary system in influences of Rome on the United States was heavily affected by Roman practices ideals of power and to this day legal terms apply Latin Roman phrases. For instance, order were profound in the ideas of having a preliminary hearing, appeal, or trial by jury are Roman concepts.<ref>Fishwick, Marshall William. 2007. ''Cicero, Classicism, Middle Ages and Popular Culture.'' New York: Haworth Press, pg. 183. Also: Waelkens, Laurent. 2015. ''Amne Adverse.'' [S.l.]: Leuven University Presslater periods.</ref>

Roman ideals and concepts from the Roman Empire, such as an absolute supreme leader or emperor in the form of Caesar, to the Roman Republic have heavily influenced governments around the world<div class="portal" style="width:85%;">====Related DailyHistory. These have affected all branches of government utilized todayorg Articles====*[[Thomas Jefferson, including the executive, legislative, Founding Fathers and judicial branches. The influences Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[Angels of Rome on the ideals Underground: Interview with Theresa Kaminski]]*[[Why Was the Battle of power and order were profound Antietam a Pivotal event in the Middle Ages and later periods. The ideals have also incorporated Roman rule and governing that form American Civil War?]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]*[[Engineering Victory during the basis of democratic systemsCivil War: Interview with Thomas F. Works by Cicero and other Romans were held in high esteem as examples of democratic ideals and freedomArmy, which were adopted by intellectuals in the United States in particular, and subsequently influenced the formation of many governments todayJr. ]]</div>

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