Changes

[[File:Aristotle Altemps Inv8575.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px|Figure 1. Bust of Aristotle.]]Few names Why is Aristotle still important? Aristotle died in 322 BCE, but he made lasting contributions to science, philosophy, and thought. He was remarkable for his time. Even though his scientific theories were generally inaccurate, they played a role in developing the ancient sciences both in his world are famous, but Aristotle is certainly one of themand Europe after they were reintroduced to Europeans by Islamic scholars in the Middle Ages. He is considered the founder of the field of philosophy and , to some , the first scientist, where his . His work has continued to influence modern thought and ideas. Aristotle also wrote about many fields and sciences that have influenced these studies to this day. Despite his fame, there is a lot that is not know about him. We know he was also the tutor of another famous figure and contemporary, Alexander the Great, where he taught him many subjects. Here, we examine some of his ideas and thoughts that have impacted our own modern societies.  

==Work in PhilosophyWhy was Aristotle an important Philosopher?==Although several well known Greek philosophers had lived and even taught Aristotle, who lived between (384-322 BCE), one can argue it is Aristotle's views on ethics and morality that became highly were the most influential of any scholar to modern philosophy. While many of Aristotle's works have not survived, where he likely authored well over a hundred large works, his . His surviving works influenced Greek and Roman thought, with this philosophy coming down to our own societies , particularly in the West.<ref> For a biography on Aristotle, see: Natali, C., & Hutchinson, D. S. (2013). <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0691096538/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0691096538&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=8a7c0d8d30a584b6d0b30f6a5bc53eb1 Aristotle: his life and school]. </i> Princeton: Princeton University Press.</ref>  One major area where he contributed was in logic. In fact, his contributions in logic were still the main form utilized in Western philosophy , at least until the 19th century AD. Most of what we term as logic deals with word analytics, where word structure and order are analyzed and interpreted in forming a conclusion. Reasoning The reasoning was something derived from the order and presentation of an argument.  Aristotle's key compiled work, or a work put together by later followers and scholars, is ''Organon'', which compiled Aristotle's works that eventually formed the key parts of Aristotelian logic.<ref> For more on Aristotelian logic, see: Abed, S. (1991). Aristotelian logic and the Arabic language in Alfārābī. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press.</ref> Deduction developed in the syllogism is perhaps his most significant contribution, where a premise is deduced into a conclusion. He also discusses induction, from a case to understanding larger phenomena about the universe or world. These two forms of thinking, induction, and deduction, are the foundations of modern scientific thought and form the primary way to create many arguments in logic discussions.<ref> For more on induction and deduction as seen by Aristotle, see: Spangler, M. M. (1998). <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0761812113/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0761812113&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=ca462c9864d86bbb8ed1f9dd702cd0c3 Aristotle on teaching].</i> Lanham, Md: University Press of America, pg. 7.</ref>

Ethics was also a key area of Aristotle's works, where he saw ethics as central to well-being and the key compiled work, or component to a work put together by later followers and scholars, is ''Organon'', which compiled Aristotlehuman's works that eventually formed the key parts life. Concepts of Aristotelian logicjustice, courage, temperance, and others are central to developing good virtues and living a well-balanced life.<ref> For more on Aristotelian logicAristotle's ethics, see: AbedMiller, J. (ed. ., & Miller, SJ. (19912015). Aristotelian logic and the Arabic language in Alfārābī<i>[https://www.amazon. Albany, Ncom/gp/product/052151388X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=052151388X&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=b2cbf19d6d7f8211e657e93723915e36 The Reception of Aristotle’s Ethics]</i>.YCambridge: State Cambridge University of New York Press.</ref> Deduction developed in syllogism What Aristotle does is perhaps his most significant contribution, where a premise make ethics an autonomous field that is deduced into divorced from the sciences and focused on developing and living a conclusionlife of virtue and happiness. He also discusses induction, that Ethics is from still a case to understanding larger phenomenon about the universe or world. These two forms of thinkingdistinct field today, induction and deduction, although there are the foundations of modern scientific thought and form the primary way in how many arguments are created in logic discussions.<ref> For more philosophies or views on induction and deduction as seen ethics, it has been heavily influenced by Aristotle, see: Spangler, M. M. (1998)'s works. Aristotle on teaching. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, pg. 7.</ref>

Ethics was Aristotle also a key area of Aristotle's works, where he saw ethics as central to well-being the centrality and key component importance of politics to a human's lifehumans. Concepts of justice, courage, temperance, and others are central to developing good virtues and living He even quipped the famous line that man is a well-balanced lifepolitical animal by his nature.<ref> For more on Aristotle's ethicspolitics and political thinking, see: Miller, J. (ed. .Aristotle, & MillerSinclair, JT. A. (20151981). The reception of Aristotle’s Ethicspolitics (Rev. ed). Harmondsworth, England New York, N. CambridgeY: Cambridge University PressPenguin Books.According to Aristotle, </ref> What Aristotle does is make ethics an autonomous field that is divorced from the sciences and focused on developing and living Rationality was a life crucial aspect of virtue and happinesshumanity, which had to be central in successful politics. Ethics is still He saw the city as a distinct field today critical place where humans can live andprosper; in fact, although there are many philosophies or views on ethicsthe city was more central than the individual, as the greater good was seen above the individual. According to his belief, a town was also a place where beauty should be found, has been heavily influenced by Aristotle's worksand art should be made to flourish in such areas.

==Was Artistole a Scientist?==Aristotle had a profound influence on the sciences. This impact includes his deduction and induction ideas, and he also saw heavily emphasized the centrality ideas of empirical research or observation. While earlier scientific philosophers were more theoretical and importance of politics less observation oriented, Aristotle tried to make observations around him, including organizing trips to places, such as Lesbos or dissecting animals to humansunderstand how they functioned. He even quipped the famous line that man is a political animal by his natureFor instance, he observed dolphins were not fish and appeared to be much more similar to land animals.<ref> For more on Aristotle's politics and political thinkingapproaches to science, see: AristotleLeroi, & Sinclair, TA. AM. (19812014). <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0143127985/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0143127985&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=fe18e8482be00532319dae1fd5177826 The politics (RevLagoon: How Aristotle Invented Science]</i>. ed). HarmondsworthNew York, England New York, N.Y: Penguin BooksViking.</ref> Rationality were key aspects of humanity and He created a classification system for animals that had to be central in successful politics according to Aristotle. He saw the city as eventually became a key place where humans predecessor for our concepts of classifying animals into distinct categories or what can live and prosper; in fact, the city was more central than the individual, as the greater good was seen above the individual. A city was also be called a place where beauty should be found and art should be made to flourish in such places according to his belieftype of species.

==Work in Science==Related to his work His classifications were based on logic in particularshared features, Aristotle has had a profound influence on the sciences. While this includes his ideas of deduction and induction, he also heavily emphasized the ideas of empirical research or observation. While earlier scientific philosophers were which is more theoretical and less observation oriented, Aristotle tried similar to make observations around him, including organizing trips to places, such as Lesbos, or dissecting animals to understand how they functionedour form of classification. For instance, he observed that dolphins are not fish He successfully identified more similar to land animalsthan 600 species of wildlife.<ref> For more on Aristotle's approaches contribution to scienceBiology, see: LeroiLennox, AJ. MG. (20142001). The lagoon<i>[https: how Aristotle invented //www.amazon.com/gp/product/0521659760/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0521659760&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=bd14bdf0a0ad0cac1b382b30869b4323 Aristotle’s philosophy of biology: studies in the origins of life science]</i>. New YorkCambridge, UK ; New York: VikingCambridge University Press.</ref> He created a classification system for animals that eventually became a predecessor for our concepts of classifying animals into distinct categories or what can be called a type of phylumAristotle also noted how geological features are changing, and they are difficult to observe because the timescales are often longer than human life.

His classifications were based on shared features, which is more similar to our form of classification. He successfully identified more than 600 species of wildlife. <ref> For more on Aristotle's contribution to Biology, see: Lennox, J. G. (2001). Aristotle’s philosophy of biology: studies in the origins of life science. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press.</ref> Aristotle also noted how geological features are changing and they are difficult to observe because the timescales are often longer than human life. However, by noting that lakes and land forms landforms are constantly changing, these ideas do influence famous geologists such as Charles Lyle, who ultimately helped develop modern geology.<ref> For more on Aristotle's contribution to Geology, see: Green, J. (2013). <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1448872006/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1448872006&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=90783b115fb4870bdc1c8ad6681f400b Geology: investigating the science of the Earth ]</i> (1st ed). New York: Rosen Central, pg. 9.</ref>

Aristotle also tried to created a theoretical foundation in areas such as sleep, psychology, physics, astronomy, and other fields. Often, his views were wrong, but that often had to do with the fact he lacked means to properly observe events.<ref>For more on areas Aristotle impacted, see: Byrne, P. H. (1997). Analysis and science in Aristotle. Albany: State University of New York Press.<dh-ad/ref> Nevertheless, because Aristotle's ideas were so influential, many of his concepts were adopted and held for centuries or even millennia. For instance, his belief that the Earth was the center of the universe was eventually adopted as a core belief by the Catholic church. Thus, his ideas also began to be adopted by later religious authorities.

==Impact on the Modern World==Aristotle's philosophies and ethic have been very influential. Many logiciansalso sought to create a theoretical foundation in sleep, psychology, physics, in factastronomy, state that Aristotle produced the definitive work on logic and there is no sense of even changing it, although this has now changedother fields. NeverthelessOften, his ideas of logic and ethics are now central views were wrong, but that often had to many philosophies that subsequently formed do with the fact he lacked the foundations of Western idealsmeans to observe events.<ref>For more on areas Aristotle's long-term influencesimpacted, see: SgarbiByrne, MP. H. (20161997). Kant <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0791433226/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0791433226&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=dba4e50f39931077a6d70d99f0f6e0c9 Analysis and science in Aristotle: epistemology, logic, and method]</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref> Modern philosophy developed later by Kant often see Nevertheless, Aristotle 's ideas were so influential because many of his concepts were adopted and held for centuries or even millennia. For instance, his belief that the Earth was the center of the universe was eventually adopted as a core foundation for their own thinkingbelief by the Catholic church. Thus, particularly as it placed such emphasis on ethics and virtue and the tenants that are required his ideas also began to develop thesebe adopted by later religious authorities.

Today, in == How has Aristotle Impacted the sciences, relatively few ideas held by Modern World? ==Aristotle's philosophies and ethics have been very influential. Many logicians state that Aristotle are actually still utilized in produced the sciences; howeverdefinitive work on logic, and there is no sense of even changing it, although this has now changed. Nevertheless, his key understanding of logic used and ethics ideas are now central to create scientific theorymany philosophies that subsequently formed the foundations of Western ideals.<ref>For more on Aristotle's long-term influences, see: Sgarbi, particularly through induction M. (2016). [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1438459971/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1438459971&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=1a9641dbbf684c7a7585443247cf0c7b Kant and deductionAristotle: epistemology, logic, have influenced the sciences the mostand method]. Albany: State University of New York Press. His emphasis on empirical research was also new </ref> Modern philosophy developed later by Kant often sees Aristotle as a core foundation for their thinking, particularly as it emphasized ethics and virtue and becomes another key tenant of modern sciencethe tenants required to develop these.

Because Aristotle was so prolific Today, in his lifetimethe sciences, he also influenced other fields such as poetry and tragedy.<ref> For more on relatively few Aristotle's view on poetry ideas are still utilized; however, his key understanding of logic used to create a scientific theory, particularly through induction and tragedydeduction, see: Sifakis, G. M. (2001)has influenced the sciences. Aristotle His emphasis on the function of tragic poetry. Herakleion: Crete University Press.</ref> Aristotle wrote about how poems and tragedy should be composed empirical research was also new and became another key components that they should have, including epic poems and tragedies having great spectacle that Greek literature is so well known fortenant of modern science.

Because Aristotle was so prolific in his lifetime, he also influenced other fields such as poetry and tragedy.<ref> For more on Aristotle's view on poetry and tragedy, see: Sifakis, G. M. (2001). <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/9605241323/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=9605241323&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=5af8594170e184f049be28b4f521d334 Aristotle on the function of tragic poetry]</i>. Herakleion: Crete University Press.</ref> Aristotle wrote about how poems and tragedy should be composed and key components that they should have, including epic poems and tragedies having the great spectacle that Greek literature is so well known for.  Few people have been both famous during their lifetime and influential for millennia as Aristotle has been (Figure 1). Aristotle and his earlier and later colleagues were also influential in establishing what eventually became the concept for universities. For instance, the idea of a school, such as Athens' famous Lyceum, where Aristotle taught, as a place to discuss and teach, while pursuing one's own research and discovery, were was later adopted in the early Medieval period to become the foundation in which universities in the West developed.<ref>For more on how the concept of the university developed and Aristotle's lifetime and history, see: Höffe, O. (2003). <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/079145634X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=079145634X&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=4a45113d0bcbbd980217f8c9bae882c2 Aristotle]</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref> Although Greek society still often meant that participation was often limited to free men, women had also begun to also be involved in science and philosophical thought. Aristotle's wife Pythias worked along with her husband and probably helped him develop some of his philosophical and scientific understanding. She likely accompanied him on his field trips as well where he and made important observations related to Biology and Geologygeography.

Few thinkers directly known to us have so influenced the modern world as Aristotle. While in many ways , he was a flawed character who did hold beliefs we may consider racist or ethno-centricethnocentric, he did create the foundations of what would ultimately become modern philosophy and science. Aristotle in In his own lifetime , Aristotle was a famous figure who taught not only Alexander but Ptolemy and famous figures within Greek society who went on to impact the world in different ways. While some of his thoughts, such as the idea of four key elements to the universe, are not held by the modern sciences, his understanding that perception and observation are critical to understanding our world became the foundation of modern scientific thinking and understanding.

 ====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====

 ====References====