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__NOTOC__ <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:PinkertonsNapoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Alexander the Great Top Ten Booklist]]====Creating a top ten list for books on Alexander the Great is not easy, since few ancient historical figures have been written about as much. Everything from his complex personality and his sexual life to his military and logistical tactics have been analyzed by historians. Alexander, simply put, stands out as unique among ancient historical figures for having so much detailed assessment made on his life and times.{{Read more|Alexander the Great Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Articles====Here are some of our most recent articles.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:A_Midwife's_Tale.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px]] ====[[Inventing Gender in Early America Top Ten Booklist]]====Most of us are familiar with a narrative of colonial America that focuses on the Pinkertonsactions of our "Founding Fathers." But what of our "Founding Mothers"? This booklist compiles ten works that explore gender in colonial North America and provide an important lens through which we can view some of the formative events in our shared history. {{Read more|Gender in Early America Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Booklists===={{#dpl: Interview category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=12}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File: Lighthouse.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left]]====[[How Was the Lighthouse of Alexandria Destroyed?]]====Of all the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, only the Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt still remain. War, neglect, and natural disasters have wiped them from the face of the earth with Paul O'Haraonly descriptions left by ancient historians and geographers, or perhaps an occasional coin or painting, as tokens of their greatness. {{Read more|How Was the Lighthouse of Alexandria Destroyed?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Book Reviews====Here are some of our most recent book reviews.{{#dpl:category=Book Review|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:William_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px]]====[[Great Gifts for History Lovers 2017]]====In 1850It can sometimes be difficult to find the right gift for your history loving friend or spouse. Hopefully, we can help. This is our 2017 list of great gifts for history lovers. If in doubt, Allan Pinkerton founded get a detective agency book. History lovers adore books. Some our recommendations are less academic then some of the books that would grow into the Pinkertonappear on our other booklists, but they do represent outstanding recent books that most history lovers should enjoy. {{Read more|Great Gifts for History Lovers 2017}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Historically Accurate===={{#dpl:category=Historically Accurate|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=10}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Spartacus - 1960 - poster.png|thumbnail|200px|left]] ====[[How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's National Detective Agency. Pinkerton's agency Spartacus'?]]====The historical epic Spartacus (1960) is easily one of the most famous and infamous security guard and detective agency best-known movies in United States cinema history. Pinkerton originally created It caused a sensation on its release and was one of the most successful pictures of the agency to help railroad companies investigate their employees 1960s. The movie was not only a commercial success it was a critical success and catch train robbersit received several Academy Awards. But over time, Spartacus was directed by the Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with cinematic genius Stanley Kubrick. {{Read more|How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Last_Kingdom_2.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?]]====Season 2 is divided into two novels from the federal government Saxon Tales series written by Bernard Cornwell, namely books 3 and as these partnerships grew 4 (Season 1 was books 1-2). The novels span roughly between 878-886 (Figure 1). The main focus for Season 2 in the Pinkertonsfirst four episodes is Uhtred' role increased dramaticallys quest to go north from Wessex into Northumbria, a less tamed area of England that is ruled more by Danes but their hold is somewhat less clear. Uhtred seeks his ancestral home in Bebbanburg (Bamburgh Castle) and also wants revenge against Kjartan, who killed is adopted Danish father. {{Read more|Inventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'HaraHow Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?}}
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====[[Why are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?]]====
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem16307509620 d1ab80ba6b.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[History of God Top Ten BooklistWhat was lynching?]]====The concept Lynching is often described as a form of God extralegal, vigilante violence or justice; however, its meaning has evolved over time—from the tarring and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed feathering of individuals in ten books. These books seek attempt the Colonial period to explain a complex story on how the concept of God developed lethal, racial violence that proliferated in different culturesthe South. According to Digital History, places"Lynching received its name from Judge Charles Lynch, a Virginia farmer who punished outlaws and across timeTories with "rough" justice during the American Revolution. " The United States has a long history of the idea of God is long and has its roots from prehistoric vigilance committees whose purposes were to early historic periods in protect the ancient Near Eastcommunity. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient IranAccording to Linda Gordon, Greece, Egypt“vigilantism generally means bypassing the legal procedures of the state and substituting direct, usually punitive and perhaps other regionscoercive action by self-appointed groups of citizens".{{Read more|History of God Top Ten BooklistWhat was lynching?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:William-wallace-monument-1256291 1280Tomb_of_Nakht.jpegjpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is BraveheartWhat Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?]]====Braveheart was There is a popular movie released common misconception today that life in 1995 that won 5 Oscars and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace ancient Egypt was a Scottish knight who became a hero dreary one for anyone not in the Scottish rebellions against the English nobility. This image is probably at least partially derived from pop culture where scenes are common in movies that depict Egyptian peasants being worked to the late 13th death to make tombs and early 14th century. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, to some, represent an early, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom temples for himself their gods and his peoplekings. While much of The reality is that although the story depicted did occur, including the English occupation ancient Egyptian social system was quite different from that of Scotland during the time of Edward Imodern world, king and they had few of Englandtoday’s modern conveniences, the depiction of the revolt against the English and other events do Egyptians from all social classes enjoyed a leisure culture that was not correspond well to historical accountsmuch different than today’s.{{Read more|How historically accurate is BraveheartWhat Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:OriginsAmericanReligiousNationalismL'aquarium; vue intérieure.pngjpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?]]====The Oxford University Press has released Sam Haselby's book <i>The Origins of American Religious Nationalism</i> Large public aquariums have become fixtures in a new affordable paperback versionmost major urban regions. This is a fantastic book that has been getting praise from prominent historians since it was originally released. Gordon Wood described his book in In some places, they have become among the New York Review of Books as an "impressive leading attractions for city tourism, where many aquariums have also expanded into conservation efforts and powerfully argued book - that applied research along with being tourist destinations....it was American Protestantism and The history of such aquariums is not any sort of classical republicanism that was most important completely modern, although the form in shaping the which we know aquariums today is mostly a recent development of American nationalism."{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File: DrysocksKarl XII i Ystad 1715, målning av Johan Heinrich Wedekindt från 1719.JPG jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Why did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?]]====The failed invasion of Russia by Hitler and Napoleon are well known. Less well-known is invasion of Russia by the Swedes under their most famous king, Charles XII. Sweden in 1700 was the greatest Northern European power and this provoked the jealousy of its neighbors. This led to the Great Northern War. The culmination of this war was the Swedish monarch’s invasion of Russia and his subsequent defeat by Tsar Peter the Great at Poltava (1709).{{Read more|Why did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:The_Native_Ground.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What Was the Importance How have Historians' perceptions of Bill Mauldin to WWII InfantrymenNative Americans changed?]]====Bill Mauldin once said In 1997, Kerwin Lee Klein, among others, observed that a wholesale change had occurred in how historians portrayed Native American history. Previously, historians and ethnographers had focused on “the tragedy of the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody elsevanishing Indian.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company[1] Many Americans, 180th Infantry Regimenteven those sympathetic to Native Americans, of the 45th Divisionargued that Indians ultimately faced extinction. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout Even though this argument was undermined by the invasion continued survival of Sicily and the Allied campaign up the boot of ItalyNative Americans, scholars were slow to reject it. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers Native American rights movement of the “brass” all 1960s and 1970s emphasized the way up to General George Pattonpersistence of Native Americans.{{Read more|What Was the Importance How have Historians' perceptions of Bill Mauldin to WWII InfantrymenNative Americans changed?}}
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====[[How did The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the game Historiography of golf emerge?the American soldiers in the Spanish American War]]====The game of golf today is globally popular and watched by millions on television. The origins of During the sport may go back to ancient periodsSpanish Civil War, approximately 2, but most historians trace 800 American men and women answered the definitive beginning of call from the sport Communist party to Medieval Scotland and/or defend the NetherlandsSpanish republic from fascist aggression. However, it was These men and women served in the 19th century that Fifteenth International Brigade and formed the sport emerged as both a modern one Abraham Lincoln, Washington and started to become a global phenomenonMacKenzie-Papineau Battalions. These soldiers’ stories have been controversial, because 80 percent of these volunteers were Communists. {{Read more|How did The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the game Historiography of golf emerge?the American soldiers in the Spanish American War}}
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[[File:Chuck_CooperAmerican_Girls_in_Red_Russia.jpg|thumbnail|200pxleft|left150px]]====[[Who integrated the NBA?American Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Julia Mickenberg]]====Sports, like Julia L. Mickenberg's new book American society, was segregated well into Girls in Russia: Chasing the Soviet Dream published by the 20th century. In many ways professional sports was University of Chicago Press explores the face history of race in the cultural fabric. African-American athletes competed in their own separatewomen who went to Russia looking for adventure, freedom, but unequalrevolution, professional leagues work and little was done new life. After they moved to challenge the status quoRussia they found challenges and hardships. Branch Rickey, who was Many were disturbed by both the general manager conditions of baseball’s Brooklyn Dodgers, was the first to step up country and end segregation in American sportsthe treatment of people by the new government. {{Read more|Who integrated the NBA?American Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Julia Mickenberg}}
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[[File:leecoverGermanHyperChart.jpg|150px|thumbnail|120px|left]]====[[American Civil War Biographies Top Ten Booklist]]====The library of texts pertaining to the Civil War Era ranges from scholarly research to pure fiction. Some of the most informative works come in the biography genre. The countless memoirs and autobiographies are essential to professional researchers and historians and have proved indispensable to the modern biographer. {{Read more|American Civil War Biographies Top Ten Booklist}}</div>
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[[File:thomas paine32936173946 bc0836c5c5 o.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px]]====[[Why Did American Colonists Become United Against England?]]====Colonial Americans enjoyed relative independence from England until 1763, which marked the cessation of the Seven Years’ War. Prior to that time, the British government had paid little attention to the domestic affairs conducted by their American colonists. The war was costly; however, and England deemed it appropriate that American colonies contribute to the war debt and the costs associated with stationing British troops on American soil. {{Read more|Why Did American Colonists Become United Against England?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Mithra sacrifiant le Taureau-005.JPG|thumbnail|left|200px]]
====[[Why was When did abortion become legal in the worship of Mithra so popularUnited States?]]====Today the god Mithra or Mithras is not recognized by many In colonial America, abortion was dealt with in the Westa manner according to English common law. Mithra is often seen as just one of the many gods that Abortion was once worshiped in Europetypically only frowned upon, the Near Eastor penalized, and South Asia. Howeverwhen it occurred after “quickening, in ”—when a woman felt fetal movement—because it suggested that the early centuries of Christianityfetus had manifested into its own separate being. Quickening could vary from women to woman, one can argue the worship of Mithras rivaled influence and importance of Christianitysometimes as late as four months. {{Read more|Why was When did abortion become legal in the worship of Mithra so popularUnited States?}}
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[[File:626px-Edwin_Smith_Papyrus_v2_copyAncient_ziggurat.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|300px]]====[[How did Medicine develop What Was the Importance of Ziggurats in the Ancient WorldMesopotamia?]]====Early medicine developed in The people of ancient Mesopotamia practiced a number of societies, both in the New religion that modern scholars are only just now beginning to understand and Old Worlds, as populations around the world physical focal point of their religion were able to quickly learn that plants that grew around them often have natural healing qualities and health benefits. Several regions around the worldmonumental, which had early complex societies, have left us evidence or documents that describe some of the relatively sophisticated medical techniques or practices that developed at early datestriangular structures known as ziggurats.{{Read more|How did Medicine develop What Was the Importance of Ziggurats in the Ancient WorldMesopotamia?}}
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[[File:America's_ConstitutionImmigrants_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Legal History Top Ten BooklistWorking Toward Whiteness by David Roediger]]====These are our Top Ten legal history books. Why do we like these books? Besides being awesome, we believe that these are some David Roediger’s book <i>Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs</i> continues his provocative exploration of whiteness studies by examining how southern and eastern European immigrants became white during the first half of the most exciting legal history books we have readtwentieth century. These books helped us think about legal history in new waysRoediger argues that “the long, circuitous process by which ‘new immigrants’ became ‘white ethnics’” matters. {{Read more|American Legal History Top Ten BooklistWorking Toward Whiteness by David Roediger}}
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[[File:Florence_CathedralMarco Polo traveling.jpgjpeg|left|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Why did What Is the Italian Renaissance EndHistory of Ice Cream?]]====The Italian Renaissance was one Ice cream has been a popular treat that many see today as having developed relatively recently, as ice cream usually requires a form of refrigeration. While the most exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing modern form of ice cream is relatively more recent, the artsidea of ice cream has been present for millennia. Ice treats, literaturewhich eventually gave us ice cream, philosophy, architecture and politics. Many were refreshing snacks usually reserved for elites or those who can obtain ice in times of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphaelwarm or hot weather.{{Read more|Why did What Is the Italian Renaissance EndHistory of Ice Cream?}}
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[[File:Gregory-American-Surveillance-cTod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryWhat was the impact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome? ]]====The United States has been conducting surveillance of its citizens since it Spartacus was created, but a Thracian and he had once fought with the ability of any government Romans. According to spy on its citizens has dramatically improved in the digital agePlutarch, he was enslaved by them after he had deserted. How should United States balance national security Due to his strength and personal privacy? Does the Constitution provide adequate protection against unrestricted government surveillance? What can advocates do military skills he was trained as a gladiator. In 73BC, he plotted to strengthen personal privacy rights? These concerns will only intensify escape from his gladiatorial school, near Capua in southern Italy and was joined in the years conspiracy by up to come100 other gladiators.{{Read more|American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryWhat was the impact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?}}
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[[File:1896 Olympic marathonHoecke_Croesus_showing_his_treasures.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|300px200px]]====[[How did Did Croesus Become the marathon emergeWealthiest Man in the Ancient World?]]====The marathon is seen today as grueling long-distanceAccording the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus, usually over 26 mile race. The battle who has often been called the “father of Marathonhistory, fought between ” the Greek and Persian armiesLydian King Croesus (ruled ca. 560-540s BC) was the world’s wealthiest king who ruled the world’s wealthiest kingdom. When Salon, and the resulting run by a Greek warrior legendary Athenian law giver, came to tell Lydia see the victory is usually cited as the origin of this sport. While there is truth in this storyking’s wealth personally, the history Croesus immediately had his servants “take him on a tour of the marathon is complex and its presence royal treasuries” in many major world cities shows it still stands as one of order to “point out the great events that tests human will richness and skillmagnificence of everything.”{{Read more|How did Did Croesus Become the Wealthiest Man in the marathon emergeAncient World?}}
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[[File:GettysburgOseberg_ship_-_IMG_9129.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhat if the Vikings Never Invaded England?]]====A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the battles The Viking, or more accurately Danish and Norsemen, invasions of England in the American Civil War. The books on this list explore 9th century CE (865) helped lead to what ultimately would become the battles united country of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and many othersEngland. The list includes the works of several of the most prominent historians on this topic including James McPhersonBefore 865, Gordon RheaEngland was divided into four or sometimes more countries, Stephen Sears populated by Angles and Craig Symonds. Take a look at our listSaxons (or Anglo-Saxons).{{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhat if the Vikings Never Invaded England?}}
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[[File:662px-Official_Francisco_Franco1906roome_td_yale.jpgpng|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px250px]]====[[What were the Root Causes of the Spanish Civil WarDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]====Spain was a very dividedIn 1905, unstable American football faced an crisis. Far to many young men were being killed while playing football and weak country in no one was taking any serious actions to reduce the 19th centuryrisks. Once a great power, Spain lost almost The headline at the last top of its colonies after it defeat in the Spanish-American war.[1] It was technically a monarchy, but power had frequently been right hand column in the hands of military dictators. ''The country was bitterly divided. The acute poverty of the Spanish people meant that many were drawn to CommunismChicago Sunday Tribune'' on November 26, 1905 screamed, Anarchism and Socialism"Football Year's Death Harvest - Record Shows That Nineteen Players Have Been Killed; One Hundred Thirty-seven Hurt - Two Are Slain Saturday."{{Read more|What were the Root Causes of the Spanish Civil WarDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?}}
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====[[Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert]]====
During the War 1812, US and Canadian privateers fought most of the naval battles between the United States and Great Britain. These privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by the promise of profit to fight for their countries. There was a strong legal framework in both the United States and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during the war. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investments.{{Read more|Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert}}
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====[[Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff]]====
At the very end of the 19th Century, a new system called naturopathy was created by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lust. Unlike many of the 19th Century medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of influences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, temperance and vegetarianism. {{Read more|Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff}}
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[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815British_Lancers.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]]====[[Why did the Congress Battle of Vienna the Somme largely fail to stop future European warsachieve its objectives?]]====The Congress Battle of Vienna the Somme or the Somme Offensive was a gathering series of representatives of European kingdoms battles that was presided over by occurred during the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von MetternichSummer and Autumn of 1916. The Congress was held It involved British and French forces launching a massive assault on the German lines in Vienna from 1814 an effort to 1815break the stalemate on the Western Front. The goals of Battle was primarily a battle between the Germans and the Congress were to secure peace British. The offensive achieved very little and stability in Europe both sides suffered heavy casualties. The British only advanced a few miles and to ensure that revolutions did the German lines held. The stalemate was not destabilize broken by the Continentoffensive. {{Read more|Why did the Congress Battle of Vienna the Somme largely fail to stop future European warsachieve its objectives?}}
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[[File:652px-First_Oil_WellFrench_soldiers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[How did Edwin Drake create the Origins of World's first oil well?War One - Top Ten Booklist]]====Even though there The First World War was no one "first discover" an incredibly destructive and wide ranging catastrophe. Not only did it dramatically change the map of oilEurope and the world and it led to further instability. Oil The First World War was known one of the most important wars in antiquity when it was used to heal woundshuman history. But by There has long been a debate about the middle exact cause of the 19th century methods for collecting oil from First World War. The assassination of the ground had not changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and dramatically increased oil production around Archduke Ferdinand triggered the worldwar but its ultimate causes were far more complex. {{Read more|How did Edwin Drake create the Origins of World's first oil well?War One - Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:VDC_book_coverQueen_Anne's_Lace_(25468119510).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Fate of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri GloverWhat was used for birth control in medieval Europe?]]====Starting in 1787Birth is a universal experience for humanity and therefore, states began to ratify so is conception. This makes the newly drafted federal Constitution issue of contraception one which would determine stretched back into antiquity. While this topic is frequently in modern news, the fate historic practices of contraception and the new American Republicspecific methods utilized are rarely touched upon. In order {{Read more|What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:GW-painting.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px]]====[[What was George Washington's military experience before the Constitution American Revolution?]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to go put George Washington in effect, nine charge of the states needed to agree to the documentContinental Army in 1775. While five states quickly ratified Washington was only 43 years old at the Constitution between December 1787 time, a gentleman planter and January 1788, the countrylocal Virginian politician. {{Read more|What was George Washington's eyes stayed on Virginiamilitary experience before the American Revolution?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:512px-Filip II Macedonia. Virginia was jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?]]====Alexander the Great is one of the most populated and largest state and famous men in history. However, it was critical for the state is generally recognized that Alexander’s achievements would have been impossible without his father, Philip II of Macedon, who reigned from 359 to ratify 336 B.C. He is not as well-known as his son but he laid the Constitution to legitimize foundations for the processgreat Empire of Alexander. {{Read more|Fate How did Phillip II of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri GloverMacedon change Ancient Greek history?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:Px-Epikouros BM 1843Egyptian kitchen Berlin 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px220px]]=====[[Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantHow did kitchens develop?]]=====Epicurus is often associated Few places in a home are as one of the Greek philosophers more interested in pleasure important or its pursuit symbolic for our social bonds than other idealsthe kitchen. While at times this led to a negative view of his philosophyIn almost every culture, the reality kitchen serves not only as the place where food is his thinking was very advanced prepared, but serves as a social hub for families and developed, leading to his ideas becoming highly influential friends. Humans develop deep social bonds with family and friends in modern thought in many regions of the world todaytheir kitchen. He was one of the first Greek philosophers The kitchen does not simply provide for our daily nutrition but also helps to develop reinforce our social character. Whether humans are cooking around a strong tradition that avoid superstition as fire or chopping vegetables on a core idealgranite counter-top, they are also interacting with one another.{{Read more|Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantHow did kitchens develop?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:Almost_a_MiracleChristiaan_Barnard_(1968).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhen did the First Heart Transplant take place?]]====On July 4When Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant in 1967, 1776it was initially seen as remarkable scientific achievement, but overtime both the Declaration of Independence was signed by the Continental Congress. This act was only the first step towards the creation of medical community and the United States. The United States then fought a seven year war general public were forced to cement its independence from Englandre-evaluate heart transplants. The successful fight for independence has had a remarkable impact on world history over medical community quickly realized that the past 200 years. The United States gradually transformed itself from a former colony into a superpower. The impact of this revolution cannot be ignoredfirst transplants were little more than dangerous and unpredictable experiments. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhen did the First Heart Transplant take place?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:Plato Academy MAN Napoli Inv124545Keller.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtWhy Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]====The AcademyHelen Keller (1880–1967) is best known for her triumph over blindness, founded by the philosopher Plato in the early 4th century BCEdeafness, was perhaps one of and muteness. Rescued from the earliest institutions isolation of higher learning. While it was not like her afflictions as a university where people would enroll and obtain advanced degrees, it functioned as one of young girl by the first places Perkins Institute for dedicated research into scientific and philosophical questions, at least in Europethe Blind teacher Anne Sullivan, took place by gathered scholars. Its main function was Keller learned to teach Plato's philosophical understanding, but it also challenged its scholars understand a basic form of sign language and learned to develop a new understanding “feel” and imitate the sound of our universethe human voice. {{Read more|What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtWhy Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:The_Alien_and_Sedition_Acts_of_1789Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinWhen was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?]]====The Alien history of Mesothelioma is complicated. Medicine struggled to establish its existence and Sedition Acts understand what caused it. Mesothelioma is a rare form of 1798 were four laws cancer that forms on the "tissues that were passed by cover the predominantly Federalist Congress lungs and signed by John Adams abdomen." Mesothelioma is typically tied to strengthen the national security exposure of the United States. These acts not only restricted the ability of an immigrant people to become a citizen, but made it easier to deport non-citizens who were asbestos in either deemed dangerous their environment or were citizens of hostile countriesworkplace. {{Read more|The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinWhen was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:Danse_macabre_by_Michael_WolgemutRabbbi's_Atheist_.pngjpeg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]] ====[[How did the Bubonic Plague make the Italian Renaissance possible?The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson]]====The Black Death (1347-1350) History is fickle. During the 19th Century, Ernestine Rose was a pandemic that devastated one of the populations of Europe most important and famous international advocates for feminism, free thought and Asiaanti-slavery. The plague was an unprecedented human tragedy She worked closely with renowned figures in Italythis movement such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. It not only shook Italian societyDespite her contributions to feminism, but transformed it. The Black Death marked an end of an era in Italyatheism, its impact was profound and it resulted in wideanti-ranging social, economicslavery, cultural and religious changessince her death she has slowly been erased from history. {{Read more|How did the Bubonic Plague make the Italian Renaissance possible?The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Stalingrad threeSkythian_archer_plate_BM_E135_by_Epiktetos.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|250px]]====[[Why When did Germany lose the Battle of StalingradMen Start Wearing Pants?]]====Hitler saw Why did humans start wearing pants? To answer this question it’s important to understand two things - first, what were the war in terms earliest forms of his personal rivalry with Stalin clothing and how did they evolve into pants and he decided secondly, why did a need for pants develop? It is also helpful to attack the city, because of its symbolic value. However, define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the original aim bottom half of the offensive in Southern Russian was body which covers from waist to secure the oil fields in the Caucasuslower leg. The oil was essential It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead bottom half of opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of body which covers from waist to the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistakelower leg.{{Read more|Why When did Germany lose the Battle of StalingradMen Start Wearing Pants?}}
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[[File:Samuel_Hahnemann_1841Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit for my series headline photo.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[What was Mistakes did the dominant medical sect in the United States Allies make during the 19th CenturyOperation Overlord on D-Day?]]====Nineteenth-century medicine June 6, 1944 was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regulars, Eclectics, and Homeopathsarguably the most pivotal day of World War II.[1] Each of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how Operation Overlord was set to treat illnesses be launched and diseasesif successful, but sought was to portray their type of practice open a second front in Europe so as to attack Germany from all sides. Stalin’s Soviet Army had been battling the most effective German Army since late 1942 in Stalingrad, Leningrad, and scientificMoscow. {{Read more|What was Mistakes did the dominant medical sect in the United States Allies make during the 19th CenturyOperation Overlord on D-Day?}}
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====[[FileBook Review:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800"The Assassin's Accomplice.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px"]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and ChristianityFile: Interview with Sam HaselbyAssassins_accomplice.jpg|left|thumb|150px]]====Recently on Twitter, Kate Clifford Larson's book The Assassin’s Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln is a debate broke out between Annette Gordonwell-Reed, Sam Haselby, and John Fea on researched narrative exploring the nature prosecution of Thomas Jefferson's religious beliefsMary Surratt. The Assassin’s Accomplice details the events that revolved around Mrs. Instead of recreating Surratt in the debate, it made more sense days and weeks leading up to contact one of the participants, Sam Haselby, whose recent book ''The Origins assassination of American Religious Nationalism'' (published by Oxford University Press) examines how a conflict with Protestantism, in the decades following US independence transformed American national identityPresident Lincoln.{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and ChristianityBook Review: Interview with Sam Haselby"The Assassin's Accomplice."}}
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====[[File:Engineeringvictory.jpg|thumbnail|left|200pxHow Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?]]====[[Engineering Victory during the Civil WarFile: Interview with Thomas FBlack pepper (By R. Army, JrBoroujerdi).jpeg|left|thumb|205px]]====Logistics win wars. Logistics is Visiting a restaurant in the coordination of complex operations such Western world or even a home often means finding salt and black pepper as moving, housing common condiments on the table used to give taste to our dishes. Salt has been native to many regions and supplying troops and their equipment. War is the ultimate test of any logistician. Thomas F. Armycommonly found; however, Jr. argues black pepper was a far more limited plant (Piper nigrum) that natively grew in his new book <i>Engineering Victory: How Technology Won the Civil War</i> published by Johns Hopkins University Press that the Union's engineering prowess during Civil War gave it an distinct advantage over the ConfederacySouth and Southeast Asia.{{Read more|Engineering Victory during the Civil War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:Shantytown_USAAlmost_a_Miracle.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]====On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by the Continental Congress. This act was only the first step towards the creation of the United States. The impact of this revolution cannot be ignored. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten Booklist}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Pinkertons.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Shantytown, USAInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Lisa GoffPaul O'Hara]]====The Harvard University Press recently published Lisa GoffIn 1850, Allan Pinkerton founded a detective agency that would grow into the Pinkerton's new book Shantytown, USA: Forgotten Landscapes of the Working PoorNational Detective Agency. TherePinkerton's a chance that one of your American ancestors lived agency is easily the most famous and infamous security guard and detective agency in an American shantytownUnited States history. While we may not realize it now, shantytowns were a common feature of 19th century AmericaPinkerton originally created the agency to help railroad companies investigate their employees and catch train robbers. Goff's book explores not only how shantytowns became a prominent feature of America's towns and citiesBut over time, but why middle class Americans eventually turned on them the Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with the federal government and their residentsas these partnerships grew the Pinkertons' role increased dramatically. {{Read more|Shantytown, USAInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Lisa GoffPaul O'Hara}}
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[[File:portraitbowie652px-First_Oil_Well.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Declinedid Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?]]====Directly or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actionsEven though there was no one "first discover" of oil. A hearty man of six feet Oil was known in height, Bowie antiquity when it was a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought used to heal wounds. But by the middle of the 19th century methods for freedom, a generous collecting oil from the ground had not changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a whim, and a commanding leader who was prone to binges of sloppy drunkennessdramatically increased oil production around the world.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Declinedid Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?}}
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[[File:Robert_E_Lee_in_1863Samuel_Hahnemann_1841.pngjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|190px200px]]====[[How Did What was the Battle of South Mountain Alter dominant medical sect in the Course of United States during the American Civil War19th Century?]]====When Lee ordered his men out of Virginia, he had a massive force. The Confederate Army left CentrevilleNineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regulars, Virginia with 45Eclectics,700 menand Homeopaths. Additionally, Lee called up three divisions from Richmond that totaled another 20[1] Each of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how to treat illnesses and diseases,600 troops in addition but sought to J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry portray their type of 5,500 riderspractice as the most effective and scientific. In total, 71,800 Confederate soldiers departed Virginia with orders to proceed to Maryland. {{Read more|How Did What was the Battle of South Mountain Alter dominant medical sect in the Course of United States during the American Civil War19th Century?}}
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[[File:grantCongress_of_Vienna_1815.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|250px]]====[[Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?]]====The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The goals of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in Europe and to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continent. {{Read more|Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Was History of God Top Ten Booklist]]====The concept of God and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed in ten books. These books seek attempt to explain a complex story on how the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincolnconcept of God developed in different cultures, Grantplaces, and Sherman Necessary across time. The history of the idea of God is long and has its roots from prehistoric to End early historic periods in the Civil Warancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient Iran, Greece, Egypt, and perhaps other regions.{{Read more|History of God Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:William-wallace-monument-1256291 1280.jpeg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is Braveheart?]]====January 1, 1863 marked Braveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a pivotal moment hero in the Scottish rebellions against the English in the American Civil Warlate 13th and early 14th century. On this date the Emancipation ProclamationThe movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, the preliminary of which was issued by President Lincoln on September 22to some, 1862represent an early, took full Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself and permanent effecthis people. While much of the story depicted did occur, thus changing including the Union’s ultimate war goal. The harsh and unpopular actions that were necessary to prevent English occupation of Scotland during the prolonged bloody carnage time of continual war were tasked to three men: Abraham LincolnEdward I, Ulysses S. Grantking of England, the depiction of the revolt against the English and William T. Shermanother events do not correspond well to historical accounts. {{Read more|Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil WarHow historically accurate is Braveheart?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:GW-paintingDrysocks.jpgJPG |thumbnail|200px|left|thumb|200px]]====[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]====Bill Mauldin once said that the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company, 180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of Sicily and the Allied campaign up the boot of Italy. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers of the “brass” all the way up to General George Patton.{{Read more|What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Florence_Cathedral.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was George Washington's military experience before Why did the American RevolutionItalian Renaissance End?]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge Italian Renaissance was one of the Continental Army most exciting periods in 1775human civilisation. Washington was only 43 years old at It witnessed a great flourishing of the timearts, literature, philosophy, a gentleman planter architecture and local Virginian politicianpolitics. He had not served Many of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the military for over 20 years Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and his military service records was not particularly distinguishedRaphael. What qualified Washington for the supreme confidence the young American rebels placed in him?{{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before Why did the American RevolutionItalian Renaissance End?}}
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[[File:Akhenaten_as_a_Sphinx_(Kestner_Museum)Gettysburg.jpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist]]====A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the battles of the American Civil War. The books on this list explore the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and many others. Take a look at our list. {{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Stalingrad three.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px250px]] ====[[How Why did Monotheism DevelopGermany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?]]====While monotheism is seen as something that has derived from JudaismHitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, the history because of how monotheism became pervasive is complexits symbolic value. Integrating both historical and archaeological dataHowever, we find that the rise original aim of monotheism has been influenced by key political eventsthe offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in the Caucasus. These political events help transform not just these early monotheistic faiths but also by extension many parts The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of the world todayoil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistake.{{Read more|How Why did Monotheism DevelopGermany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:American_Colossusportraitbowie.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|300px200px]]====[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten BooklistThe Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?]]====Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challengingDirectly or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actions. There are an extraordinary number A hearty man of outstanding books on this period. These books are six feet in height, Bowie was a walking contradiction; a selection of our favorites. Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as wholeslave trader who fought for freedom, instead of focusing a generous and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a single issue. In other wordswhim, several of these books are seeking and a commanding leader who was prone to create a grand narrative binges of the era to help their readers understand itsloppy drunkenness. {{Read more|Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten BooklistThe Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?}}
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====History of Religion====
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====Ancient Greek History====
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====American Civil War====
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====19th Century History====
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====Renaissance History====
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*[[How did the game of golf emerge?]]
*[[How did the marathon emerge?]]
*[[How did the modern tennis emerge?]]
*[[Who integrated the NBA?]]
*[[How did hunting become a symbol of the aristocracy/royalty]]
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====World War I====
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====European Interwar Political History====
*[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]
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====World War Two====
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%" > ====ArticlesInterviews====Here are some of our most recently created and edited articles.{{#dpl:category=WikisInterviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}
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