Changes

[[File:Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg|left|400px|thumbnail|Women's Liberation March in Washington, D.C., in 1970 by Warren K. Leffler]]Today, feminism is an ideology/theory that most people fail to fully understand. Feminism has been described as having three separate waves. The first wave of feminism started in the mid-19th Century and culminated with the women's suffrage movement. Second wave feminism started in the late 1950s moved into the 1980s. Historians and feminist/gender scholars describe today’s feminist theory, ideology and social/political movement as the ''third wave'' of feminism. Second wave feminism started in the late 1950s moved into the 1980s. This The ‘’second wave’’ of feminism started after the women were forced out of the workplace after end of World War Two and essentially ended with the failure to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment. Second-wave feminism splintered after criticism grew that the movement had focused on white women to the the exclusion of everyone else. ==== Lead up to the Second Wave====The women's movement before the 1920s was characterized by the suffrage movement that led to women gaining the right to vote. From the 1890s and early part of the 20th century, much of the women's movement focused on general societal inequalities and, such as poor working and housing conditions, while also focusing on social ills such as alcoholism and prostitution. Black women in the Southwest of the United States, during the 1930s, for instance, joined labor unions such as the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) to protest poor wages and work environments they had to endure. <ref>Ruíz, Vicki. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0826309887/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0826309887&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=7979bf4a8ff003689e7f9d58a2862cd2 Cannery Women, Cannery Lives: Mexican Women, Unionization, and the California Food Processing Industry, 1930-1950]</i>. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987.</ref> Apart from this general social activism and gaining the right to vote, gender-specific topics, including equality in work and pay, were not major focus areas. In the 1940s, women gained increasing employment as men left overseas to fight in World War II. In fact, it was World War II that can be argued as the major trigger for the second wave feminist movement that occurred after the war. During the war years, the labor unions that had grown in the 1930s became even stronger as women became increasingly employed, particularly in manufacturing jobs required to support the war effort. During the 1940s, new work benefits became available to women, including maternity leave, daycare, and counseling. These benefits developed more substantially in Europe, as many countries there were devastated by war, where much of the male population was reduced.<ref> Laughlin, Kathleen A., and Jacqueline L. Castledine. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415874009/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415874009&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=6b8857f4b500c32da5bf87aac9369b9c Breaking the Wave: Women, Their Organizations, and Feminism, 1945-1985]</i>. New York: Routledge, 2011, 4. </ref> Nevertheless, in the United States, women's participation in the labor force in World War II created a feeling among many women, after the war ended, that they also deserved the same types of rights as men in jobs they filled. This was highlighted by the fact that many men who came back and retook their old jobs from women who were doing them during the war also were given higher salaries, further highlighting this inequality.<ref>Milkman, Ruth, <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0252081773/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0252081773&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=69155be1a38d6dea3b598cf2d3940b8f On Gender, Labor, and Inequality, Working Class in American History]</i>. Urbana, Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2016. Pg. 83.</ref> In the 1950s, the economy began to expand and the height of the red scare or anti-communist sentiment began to diminish feminist organization. <ref> Laughlin, Kathleen A., and Jacqueline L. Castledine. <i> [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415874009/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415874009&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=6b8857f4b500c32da5bf87aac9369b9c Breaking the Wave: Women, Their Organizations, and Feminism, 1945-1985]</i>. New York: Routledge, 2011, 90. </ref> However, by the early late 1950s and 1960s, as more prolonged prosperity took hold, there was greater interest to explore new ideas and movements emerged, including the civil rights movement, that began to question establish social constructs such as segregation and inequality in the work place. By the early 1960s, the social atmosphere began to be conducive for a major feminist movement.<ref>Gilmore, Stephanie, ed., <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0252075390/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0252075390&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=53a802ecde3a40d4fda23475f8d008a1 Feminist Coalitions: Historical Perspectives on Second-Wave Feminism in the United States, Women in American History].</i> Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008.</ref>

== Lead up to == Ideology that Shaped the Second Wave Movement ====[[File:The_Second_Sex.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px|<i>The women's movement before the 1920s was characterized Second Sex</i> by the suffrage movement that led Simone de Beauvoir]] After World War II, some writers began to question how women gaining the right to vote. From the 1890s in society were perceived and early part of the 20th centuryrole they played, much of particularly as the war had shown women's movement focused on general societal inequalities made valuable contributions andin many cases performed tasks equally to me. In 1949, such as poor working and housing conditionsSimone de Beauvoir published <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0307265560/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0307265560&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=f9a9c302f5b6ddd567059a2383502e0d The Second Sex]</i>, while also focusing on social ills such as alcoholism a groundbreaking book that questioned how society viewed women and prostitutionthe role in which they played. Black women in the Southwest of the United StatesIn her work, Beauvoir writes, during the 1930s“One is not born, for instancebut rather becomes, joined labor unions such as a woman.” This quote represent how society fosters the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) to protest poor wages idea of what a woman should do and act, where gender roles are learned and work environments they had to endureforced upon women. <ref>RuízVasilopoulou, VickiAngeliki. "Woman by Choice:’ A Comment on Simone De Beauvoir’s Famous Phrase ‘One Is Not Born a Woman, but Becomes One'" <i>Cannery Women, Cannery Lives: Mexican Women, Unionization, and the California Food Processing Industry, 1930-1950Journal of Research in Gender Studies</i>4, no. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press2 (2014), 1987489-490.</ref> Apart from this general social activism and gaining Where World War II showed that women could break out of their gender roles as was required; the right book questioned then why should women's roles that saw them as secondary to vote, gender-specific topics, including equality men in work the workplace and pay, were home be perpetuated when this was clearly not a major focus areasthe case during the war.

In After a period of time, the 1940s, women movement gained increasing employment as men left overseas to fight greater traction through more authors in World War IIthe 1960s. In fact, it Betty Friedan was World War II that can be argued as perhaps one of the major trigger for the second wave feminist movement that occurred after the warmost influential writers at this time. During the war yearsAfter conducting a survey of her classmates, the labor unions Friedan noticed that had grown in the 1930s became even stronger as women became increasingly employed, particularly in manufacturing jobs required to support the war effort. During the 1940s, new work benefits became available to women, including maternity leave, daycare, and counseling. These benefits developed more substantially in Europe, as many countries there of her classmates were devastated by war, unhappy in their marriages where much of the male population was reduced.<ref> Laughlin, Kathleen A., their lives revolved around childcare and Jacqueline L. Castledinehousework. This prompted her to write <i>Breaking the Wave: Women, Their Organizations, and Feminism, 1945-1985The Feminine Mystique</i>. New York: Routledgein 1963 where she questioned white, 2011middle class ideals of family life and motherhood, 4particularly as domestic life had stifled women and their aspirations. </ref> Nevertheless, in the United StatesIn her book, Friedan includes interviews with women's participation who were unhappy in the labor force in World War II created a feeling among many womentheir home life, after debunking the war ended, that they also deserved the same types ideals of rights as men in jobs they filled. This was highlighted by the fact 1950s that many often showed a happy family with men who came back at work and retook their old jobs from women who focused on housework. The book fundamentally questioned if the 1950s ideals were doing them during in the war also were given higher salaries, further highlighting this inequalitybest interest of women.<ref>Milkman, RuthRyan, Barbara. <i>On Gender, Labor[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415905990/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415905990&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=34aceed5c84e53b28e7bf3a238700625 Feminism and the Women's Movement: Dynamics of Change in Social Movement Ideology, and Inequality, Working Class in American HistoryActivism]</i>. UrbanaNew York: Routledge, Chicago: University of Illinois Press1992, 2016. Pg. 8342.</ref>

In The book and politics in the 1960s led to some initial victories for the 1950semerging second wave women's movement. This includes the establishment of the National Organization for Women, where Friedan joined the economy began to expand organization, and the height first great legislative victory, which was the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. This made it law for women to have an equal right to equal pay for the same jobs that men did. It made it now possible for women to now not be prevented from joining the red scare or anti-communist sentiment began labor force due to diminish feminist organizationdepressed wages. <ref> LaughlinHerman, Kathleen A.Alexis M, and Jacqueline L. Castledine. <i>Breaking the Wave[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0788189824/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0788189824&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=c95c84f3c729e211488024345b3d47c5 Equal Pay: Women, Their Organizations, and Feminism, 1945A 35-1985Year Perspective].</i>. New York(Place of publication not identified: Routledge, 2011Diane Pub Co, 901998. </ref> HoweverOther changes, by including the introduction of the early late 1950s contraceptive pill and 1960s, as more prolonged prosperity took hold, there was greater interest introduction of abortion in Europe began to explore new ideas and movements emergedhave political ramifications. The pill, including on the civil rights movementone hand, that began allowed women to question delay childbirth and establish social constructs such as segregation and inequality careers in the work placemany cases. By the early 1960s, the social atmosphere began to be conducive for a major feminist movementAbortion also gave women greater choices about rearing children.<ref>GilmoreNorgren, Stephanie, edChristiana A. E., <i>Feminist Coalitions[https: Historical Perspectives on Second//www.amazon.com/gp/product/0691070059/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0691070059&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-Wave Feminism in the United States, Women 20&linkId=bf43bcb707350c972852ae8f8c2c3e1a Abortion before Birth Control: The Politics of Reproduction in American HistoryPostwar Japan].</i> UrbanaStudies of the East Asian Institute. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University of Illinois Press, 20082001.</ref>

== Ideology that Shaped the Movement == After World War II, some writers began to question how women in society were perceived and the role they played, particularly as the war had shown women made valuable contributions and in many cases performed tasks equally to me. In 19491969, Simone de Beauvoir published Katy Millett wrote <i>The Second SexSexual Politics</i>, a groundbreaking book that questioned how society viewed women and wrote about the role in which they played. In her workpatriarchal structure of society that controls sex, Beauvoir writessexual expression, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a womanand ultimately politics and the narrative of political discourse.” This quote represent how Sex and gender oppression are common because of political discourse found in society fosters the idea . Millets argued that before any other type of what a woman should do oppression existed, elite men first oppressed people based on sex and actgender, where gender roles are learned extending later to race and forced upon womenclass. <ref> VasilopoulouLeGates, AngelikiMarlene. "Woman by Choice:’ A Comment on Simone De Beauvoir’s Famous Phrase ‘One Is Not Born a Woman, but Becomes One'" <i>Journal [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415930987/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415930987&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=62b570a5374aa4b505b21eaac8d210d2 In Their Time: A History of Research Feminism in Gender StudiesWestern Society]</i> 4. New York: Routledge, no. 2 (2014)2001, 489-490361. </ref> Where World War II showed that women could break out of their gender roles as was required; the book questioned then why should women's roles that saw them as secondary to men in the workplace and home be perpetuated when this was clearly not the case during the war.

After a period of timeIn the 1970s, the second wave feminist movement gained greater traction through more authors expanded and continued to gain momentum. Carol Hanisch published an essay in the 1960s1970 titled "The Personal is Political. Betty Friedan ” Hanisch argued that everything was perhaps one political, including division of the most influential writers at this time. After conducting a survey of her classmateshousehold labor, gender roles, Friedan noticed that many of her classmates were unhappy in their marriages where their lives revolved around childcare and houseworkother day-to-day activities. This prompted her If a women decided to write <i>The Feminine Mystique</i> in 1963 where she questioned white, middle class ideals of family life have an abortion and motherhood, particularly get a job as domestic life had stifled women and their aspirations. In her book, Friedan includes interviews with women who were unhappy a woman in their home lifea male dominated industry, debunking the ideals of the 1950s then that often showed a happy family with men at work decision has political consequences and women focused on houseworkbecame politicized in society. The book fundamentally questioned if Women had to bring their private, household problems into the 1950s ideals public sphere because issues were in the best interest politicized and had consequence far outside of womenan individual.<ref> RyanLee, BarbaraTheresa Man Ling. "Rethinking the Personal and the Political: Feminist Activism and Civic Engagement. " <i>Feminism and the Women's MovementHypatia: Dynamics A Journal of Change in Social Movement Ideology, and ActivismFeminist Philosophy</i>22, no. 4 (2007): 163-79. New Yorkdoi: Routledge, 1992, 4210.2979/hyp.2007.22.4.163. </ref>

The book and politics ==== One Movement or Two? ====Increasingly in the 1960s led to some initial victories for the emerging and 1970s, second wave women's movementfeminism diverged into two separate ideological movements: Equal rights feminism and radical feminism. This includes Within equal-rights feminism, the establishment of the National Organization for Womenobjective sought equality with men in political and social spheres, where Friedan joined the organization, legislation and the first great legislative victory, which was the passage laws such as legalization of abortion and efforts to make women more established on the Equal Pay Act of 1963. This made it law for women to have an workforce equal right to equal pay for the same jobs that men did. It made it now possible for women to now not be prevented from joining were the labor force due to depressed wagesprimary goals.<ref>Herman, Alexis MLeGates, Marlene. <i>Equal Pay[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415930987/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415930987&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=e53f80fa20839cdc10f02dea9ceef4a7 In Their Time: A 35-Year Perspective.History of Feminism in Western Society]</i> (Place of publication not identified. New York: Diane Pub CoRoutledge, 19982001, 347.</ref> In 1969Radical feminism, Katy Millett wrote ''Sexual Politics'' and wrote about on the patriarchal structureother hand, which informed sex and gender oppression. Millets argued wanted much more radical change to society that before any other type of oppression existed, elite men first oppressed people based on sex fundamentally saw it as patriarchal and gender and then needed to be altered if women were to escape it extended to race and classoppression. <ref> LeGates, Marlene. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415930987/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415930987&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=e53f80fa20839cdc10f02dea9ceef4a7 In Their Time: A History of Feminism in Western Society],</i>. New York: Routledge, 2001, 361357. </ref> Carol Hanisch published an essay There were age and racial differences within the wider feminist movements at the time. The equal-rights feminists were largely white, older in 1970 titled “The Personal is Politicalage, and most came from affluent backgrounds.” Hanisch argued that everything was political. Whether a Radical feminists were made up younger white affluent women decided to have an abortion , and get a job minority women of all ages who were active in the Civil Rights movement as a woman well. <ref> LeGates, Marlene. In Their Time: A History of Feminism in a male dominated industryWestern Society. New York: Routledge, 2001, each 352.</ref> ==== Minorities ==== Women of these decisions was ultimately color found themselves underrepresented in both the racial and gender movements that were simultaneously fighting for greater equality. While Black, Latina/Chicana, Asian, and Native American women were active in feminist agendas at the time, there were tensions within the broader feminists movements because a politicallarge percentage of the leaders were white and the agenda had some stark racial contrasts. She determined that women needed to bring their ‘’private sphere problems’’ to Some non-white feminists criticized the ‘’public sphere podium’’ in order wider feminist movement for failing to be heardequal in the movement's representation and incorporating racial and other issues. <ref>LeeWest, Theresa Man LingLois A. "Rethinking , ed., <i> [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415916186/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415916186&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=bcbac0f9737db4403babf8c44b46d2c7 Feminist Nationalism]</i> (New York: Routledge, 1997.</ref>  Across the United States, minority women began the fight against racial and gender oppression by creating their own organizations. Some had already existed due to greater women participation in the workforce during the 1940s, such as the National Council of Negro Women. Other organizations developed during the Personal 1960s and 1970s, including the Third World Women’s Alliance. The Third Women's World Alliance worked to expose the Political: Feminist Activism relation between race, sex, sexuality, gender, and Civic Engagementclass oppression. <ref>Aguilar, Marian." HypatiaThird World Women's Alliance." <i>[https: //www.amazon.com/gp/product/0231138113/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0231138113&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=a77dfd3c3570e2d6b8f931caf2af94bc Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History]</i>. Edited by Colin A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 22, no. 4 (2007): 163-79Palmer. doi:102nd ed.2979/hypVol.20075.22Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, 2191-2192. Gale Virtual Reference Library.4Web.1632 June 2016. </ref>Such views by minority women proved to be influential in the ‘’third wave’’ of feminism that emerged later in the 1970s and into today, as broader racial and social inequality issues are now incorporated by feminist movements. ==== Conclusion ==== The ‘’second wave’’ feminist movement proved to be a major social transition for Western countries and the United States from the 1960s and later. Major social change, such as women's participation in the labor force, and increased prosperity forced a major social awareness movement that questioned the roles of gender in society. Major works of literature began to question perceived traditional gender roles and exposed social problems created by such roles on women. Two movements emerged within the broader second wave feminist movement, which were the more mainstream and radical elements of feminism. While one worked to change society from within, using legislation and social pressure, the other, radical movement questions fundamentally if society's hierarchical and patriarchal nature were the main problem. Both these movements made major contributions, however, through their influence on society in general, where today many things we take for granted, such as women in the workforce, only became increasingly acceptable after the 1960s.

== One Movement or Two? ==Second wave feminism essentially broke into two separate ideological movements: Equal rights feminism and radical feminism. These movements approached feminism from very different perspectives. Under equalToday, a woman delaying raising a family is not often questioned by society for such a choice, but this was not the norm in the pre-rights feminism women sought equality among men in political and social spheres through legislation 1960s US and efforts to ‘’the glass ceiling’’ in the working world. <ref> LeGates, Marlene. <i>In Their Time: A History parts of Feminism in Western Society</i>Europe. New York: Routledge, 2001Later, 347.</ref> The second approach, radical feminism advocated the destruction merger of the patriarchal structure racial and other social inequality was seen as part of wider social struggles in society that oppressed women. Until this structure was destroyedUltimately, women’s oppression would continue. As long the second wave feminist movement gave women were oppressed, it was would difficult the opportunity to eliminate any start conversations about how their social inequality because the oppression was the root of and begin to think about gender, identity, sexuality, race, and class as all other oppressionsequally important factors. <ref>LeGates, Marlene. <i>In Their Time: A History of Feminism in Western SocietyThe so-called third wave,<more greatly focused on gay/i>. New York: Routledgelesbian and racial issues, 2001, 357in fact can be argued to be informed by the second wave rhetoric that had emerged late in the 1970s as race and broader social inequality issues emerged. </ref>

Both ideologies eventually merged into ‘’Third Wave’’ ====Suggested Readings====* Palmer, Colin. editor, <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0231138113/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0231138113&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=a77dfd3c3570e2d6b8f931caf2af94bc Encyclopedia of feminismAfrican-American Culture and History]</i>. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. What separates the two different movements is the distinction between discrimination Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006* Ruíz, Vicki. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0826309887/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0826309887&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=7979bf4a8ff003689e7f9d58a2862cd2 Cannery Women, Cannery Lives: Mexican Women, Unionization, and oppression. Radical feminists would choose to focus on demolishing the patriarchal oppressive structures that they saw as overCalifornia Food Processing Industry, 1930-arching all other oppressions1950]</i>. The equal-rights feminists were largely white(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987)* Gilmore, older in ageStephanie, and most came from affluent backgroundsed. Radical feminists were made up younger white affluent women, and minority women of all ages who were active <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0252075390/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0252075390&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=53a802ecde3a40d4fda23475f8d008a1 Feminist Coalitions: Historical Perspectives on Second-Wave Feminism in the Civil Rights movement as wellUnited States, Women in American History]. </i> Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008* <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415916186/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415916186&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=bcbac0f9737db4403babf8c44b46d2c7 Feminist Nationalism]</i> (New York: Routledge, 1997)* LeGates, Marlene. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415930987/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415930987&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=e53f80fa20839cdc10f02dea9ceef4a7 In Their Time: A History of Feminism in Western Society],</i>. New York: Routledge, 2001* Herman, 352Alexis M, <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0788189824/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0788189824&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=c95c84f3c729e211488024345b3d47c5 Equal Pay: A 35-Year Perspective].</i> (Place of publication not identified: Diane Pub Co, 1998* Milkman, Ruth, <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0252081773/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0252081773&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=69155be1a38d6dea3b598cf2d3940b8f On Gender, Labor, and Inequality, Working Class in American History]</i>. Urbana, Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2016* Laughlin, Kathleen A., and Jacqueline L. Castledine. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415874009/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415874009&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=6b8857f4b500c32da5bf87aac9369b9c Breaking the Wave: Women, Their Organizations, and Feminism, 1945-1985]</i>. New York: Routledge, 2011

<div class="portal" style= Minorities == Women of color, especially during the Civil Rights movement, were finding themselves underrepresented in both racial and gender movements that were simultaneously fighting for their equality. Black, Latina/Chicana, Asian, and Native American women were all active in feminist agendas but wary of the whiteness that seemed to dominate the organizations that were dedicated to the destruction of patriarchal structures. All over the United States, minority women began the fight of racial and gender oppression by creating their own organizations. Some had already existed thanks to the serge of participation in the workforce during the 1940s, like the National Council of Negro Women. Other organizations developed during the 1960s and 1970s included the Third World Women’s Alliance. The Third Women's World Alliance primary goal was to expose the relation between race, sex, sexuality, gender, and class oppressions. This approach is now referred to as intersectionality.<ref>Aguilar, Marian. "Third World Women's Alliance.width:85%;" <i>Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History</i>. Edited by Colin A. Palmer. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, 2191-2192. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 2 June 2016.</ref> The views organizations of minority women eventually became the drivers of the major themes of the ‘’third wave’’ of feminism that exists today. Bell Hooks, Angela Davis, Gloria Anzaldua, and Cherrie Morriega successfully imposed their view of feminism onto third wave feminism.

== Conclusion ==Related DailyHistory.org Articles==== The ‘’second wave’’ was an extremely important time for women who no longer wanted to subscribe to *[[What is the traditional public and private spheres significance of societythe 1968 East L. They no longer accepted the housewife role as mandatory, they fought for the right to do what they wanted with their bodies, they fought to end sexual and gender oppression, and some began to fight against racism within the feminist movement itselfA. Walkouts?]]*[[Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]*[[The contribution to feminist theory and ideology is enormous, and the concept of intersectionality is now one of the most important key terms when learning about feminism todayRabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Ultimately, the ‘’ second wave’’ gave women Anderson]]*[[Why was France defeated in 1940?]]*[[Why did Germany lose the opportunity to start conversations about how to fight against inequality and begin to think about gender, identity, sexuality, race, and class as all equally important factors. The ‘’third wave’’ is now informed by and constantly rethinking and dismantling some Battle of the ‘’second wave rhetoric, but is undeniably grateful to the fight the ‘’second wave’’ continued.Stalingrad?]]</div>

====References====