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__NOTOC__<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:6590%">[[File:Spartacus - 1960 - poster.png|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?]]====The historical epic Spartacus (1960) is one of the best-known movies in cinema history. It caused a sensation on its release and was one of the most successful pictures of the 1960s. The movie was not only a commercial success it was a critical success and it received several Academy Awards. Spartacus was directed by the cinematic genius Stanley Kubrick. {{Read more|How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Last_Kingdom_2.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?]]====Season 2 is divided into two novels from the Saxon Tales series written by Bernard Cornwell, namely books 3 and 4 (Season 1 was books 1-2). The novels span roughly between 878-886 (Figure 1). The main focus for Season 2 in the first four episodes is Uhtred's quest to go north from Wessex into Northumbria, a less tamed area of England that is ruled more by Danes but their hold is somewhat less clear. Uhtred seeks his ancestral home in Bebbanburg (Bamburgh Castle) and also wants revenge against Kjartan, who killed is adopted Danish father. {{Read more|How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%;">
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====[[Why are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?]]====
As one travels across the southern United States, it is not unusual to find monuments and memorials to the Confederate dead in many small towns. In fact, these sculptural pieces, often composed of the same statues and plinths from the Monumental Bronze Co. of Bridgeport, Conn., can be found as far north as Pennsylvania and New York. A study in 2016 found some 1,500 monuments still standing. While in recent years these monuments have become a new source of political conversation their very erection was a movement by Confederate women. {{Read more|Why are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?}}
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 <div class="portal"div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:3590%;">[[File:16307509620 d1ab80ba6b.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What was lynching?]]==Articles==Here are some Lynching is often described as a form of extralegal, vigilante violence or justice; however, its meaning has evolved over time—from the tarring and feathering of our most recently created individuals in the Colonial period to the lethal, racial violence that proliferated in the South. According to Digital History, "Lynching received its name from Judge Charles Lynch, a Virginia farmer who punished outlaws and edited articlesTories with "rough" justice during the American Revolution." The United States has a long history of vigilance committees whose purposes were to protect the community. According to Linda Gordon, “vigilantism generally means bypassing the legal procedures of the state and substituting direct, usually punitive and coercive action by self-appointed groups of citizens".{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firsteditRead more|order=descending|count=8What was lynching?}}
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<div class="portal"div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:3590%;" >[[File:Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?]]====There is a common misconception today that life in ancient Egypt was a dreary one for anyone not in the nobility. This image is probably at least partially derived from pop culture where scenes are common in movies that depict Egyptian peasants being worked to the death to make tombs and temples for their gods and kings. The reality is that although the ancient Egyptian social system was quite different from that of the modern world, and they had few of today’s modern conveniences, Egyptians from all social classes enjoyed a leisure culture that was not much different than today’s. {{Read more|What Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:L'aquarium; vue intérieure.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How Did Public Aquariums Develop?]]==Interviews==These are our interviews Large public aquariums have become fixtures in most major urban regions. In some places, they have become among the leading attractions for city tourism, where many aquariums have also expanded into conservation efforts and applied research along with historians discussing their new booksbeing tourist destinations. The history of such aquariums is not completely modern, although the form in which we know aquariums today is mostly a recent development.{{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descendingRead more|count=10How Did Public Aquariums Develop?}}
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<div class="portal"div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:3590%;">[[File:Karl XII i Ystad 1715, målning av Johan Heinrich Wedekindt från 1719.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]==Booklists==[[Why did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?]]====Includes our The failed invasion of Russia by Hitler and Napoleon are well known. Less well-known is invasion of Russia by the Swedes under their most recent Expert famous king, Charles XII. Sweden in 1700 was the greatest Northern European power and User created Top Ten History Bookliststhis provoked the jealousy of its neighbors. This led to the Great Northern War. The culmination of this war was the Swedish monarch’s invasion of Russia and his subsequent defeat by Tsar Peter the Great at Poltava (1709).{{#dpl:category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descendingRead more|count=15Why did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?}}
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 <div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:6590%;">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at JerusalemThe_Native_Ground.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[History How have Historians's perceptions of God Top Ten BooklistNative Americans changed?]]====The concept In 1997, Kerwin Lee Klein, among others, observed that a wholesale change had occurred in how historians portrayed Native American history. Previously, historians and ethnographers had focused on “the tragedy of God and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed in ten booksthe vanishing Indian. These books seek attempt ”[1] Many Americans, even those sympathetic to explain a complex story on how Native Americans, argued that Indians ultimately faced extinction. Even though this argument was undermined by the concept continued survival of God developed in different culturesNative Americans, places, and across timescholars were slow to reject it. The history Native American rights movement of the idea of God is long 1960s and has its roots from prehistoric to early historic periods in 1970s emphasized the ancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient Iran, Greece, Egypt, and perhaps other regionspersistence of Native Americans.{{Read more|History How have Historians's perceptions of God Top Ten BooklistNative Americans changed?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:6590%;">[[File:William-wallace-monument-1256291 1280Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade.jpegjpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is Braveheart?The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the Spanish American War]]====Braveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars During the Spanish Civil War, approximately 2,800 American men and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a hero in women answered the call from the Scottish rebellions against Communist party to defend the English Spanish republic from fascist aggression. These men and women served in the late 13th Fifteenth International Brigade and early 14th century. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, to some, represent an earlyformed the Abraham Lincoln, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself Washington and his peopleMacKenzie-Papineau Battalions. While much of the story depicted did occurThese soldiers’ stories have been controversial, including the English occupation because 80 percent of Scotland during the time of Edward I, king of England, the depiction of the revolt against the English and other events do not correspond well to historical accountsthese volunteers were Communists. {{Read more|How historically accurate is Braveheart?The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the Spanish American War}}
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[[File:OriginsAmericanReligiousNationalismAmerican_Girls_in_Red_Russia.pngjpg|thumbnail|200pxleft|left150px]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and ChristianityAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Sam HaselbyJulia Mickenberg]]====The Oxford University Press has released Sam HaselbyJulia L. Mickenberg's new book <i>The Origins American Girls in Russia: Chasing the Soviet Dream published by the University of Chicago Press explores the history of the American Religious Nationalism</i> in a women who went to Russia looking for adventure, freedom, revolution, work and new affordable paperback versionlife. This is a fantastic book that has been getting praise from prominent historians since it was originally releasedAfter they moved to Russia they found challenges and hardships. Gordon Wood described his book in Many were disturbed by both the New York Review conditions of Books as an "impressive the country and powerfully argued book - that ....it was American Protestantism and not any sort the treatment of classical republicanism that was most important in shaping people by the development of American nationalismnew government." {{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and ChristianityAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Sam HaselbyJulia Mickenberg}}
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====[[What Was Were the Importance Causes of Bill Mauldin to WWII InfantrymenGermany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?]]====Bill Mauldin once said that Among the infantryman “gives more defining features of early twentieth century Europe and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on one of the front lines with K Company, 180th Infantry Regimentcontributing factors to World War II, of was the 45th Divisioneconomic maelstrom known as “hyperinflation” that ravaged Germany from 1921 until 1923. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout Although the invasion short period is often overlooked in popular histories of Sicily and the Allied campaign up period, there is no denying the boot of Italy. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling impacts that the feathers of the “brass” all process had on Germany, Europe, and the way up to General George Pattonworld.{{Read more|What Was Were the Importance Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen1921-1923?}}
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====[[Primed for Violence When did abortion become legal in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynskithe United States?]]====Paul Brykczynski's new book Primed for Violence: MurderIn colonial America, Antisemitismabortion was dealt with in a manner according to English common law. Abortion was typically only frowned upon, and Democratic Politics in Interwar Poland published by or penalized, when it occurred after “quickening,”—when a woman felt fetal movement—because it suggested that the University of Wisconsin Press explores the tragic efforts of the Polish people fetus had manifested into its own separate being. Quickening could vary from women to create a new democratic state after electing their first Presidentwoman, Gabriel Narutowiczand sometimes as late as four months.{{Read more|Primed for Violence When did abortion become legal in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynskithe United States?}}
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[[File:Hendrick WGA01076Ancient_ziggurat.jpg|150px|thumbnail|200px|left]] ====[[How did What Was the game Importance of golf emergeZiggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?]]====The game of golf today is globally popular and watched by millions on television. The origins people of the sport may go back to ancient periods, but most historians trace the definitive Mesopotamia practiced a religion that modern scholars are only just now beginning of the sport to Medieval Scotland understand and/or the Netherlands. Howeverphysical focal point of their religion were the monumental, it was in the 19th century that the sport emerged triangular structures known as both a modern one and started to become a global phenomenonziggurats. {{Read more|How did What Was the game Importance of golf emergeZiggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?}}
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[[File:Chuck_CooperImmigrants_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px|left]]====[[Who integrated the NBA?Working Toward Whiteness by David Roediger]]====Sports, like American society, was segregated well into David Roediger’s book <i>Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the 20th century. In many ways professional sports was Suburbs</i> continues his provocative exploration of whiteness studies by examining how southern and eastern European immigrants became white during the face first half of race in the cultural fabrictwentieth century. African-American athletes competed in their own separate, but unequal, professional leagues and little was done to challenge the status quo. Branch Rickey, who was the general manager of baseball’s Brooklyn DodgersRoediger argues that “the long, was the first to step up and end segregation in American sportscircuitous process by which ‘new immigrants’ became ‘white ethnics’” matters. {{Read more|Who integrated the NBA?Working Toward Whiteness by David Roediger}}
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[[File:leecoverMarco Polo traveling.jpgjpeg|left|thumbnail|120px|left200px]] ====[[American Civil War Biographies Top Ten BooklistWhat Is the History of Ice Cream?]]====The library Ice cream has been a popular treat that many see today as having developed relatively recently, as ice cream usually requires a form of texts pertaining to refrigeration. While the Civil War Era ranges from scholarly research to pure fiction. Some modern form of ice cream is relatively more recent, the most informative works come idea of ice cream has been present for millennia. Ice treats, which eventually gave us ice cream, were refreshing snacks usually reserved for elites or those who can obtain ice in the biography genre. The countless memoirs and autobiographies are essential to professional researchers and historians and have proved indispensable to the modern biographertimes of warm or hot weather. {{Read more|American Civil War Biographies Top Ten BooklistWhat Is the History of Ice Cream?}}
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[[File:Housesteads latrinesTod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[How did Public Sanitation DevelopWhat was the impact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?]]====With the beginning of settled life, Spartacus was a new problem arose as people began to live in one place throughout Thracian and he had once fought with the yearRomans. That problem According to Plutarch, he was public sanitationenslaved by them after he had deserted. With increased population, the need Due to adequately remove human waste his strength and maintain relatively clean water supplies became an increasing challengemilitary skills he was trained as a gladiator.By prehistoryIn 73BC, he plotted to escape from his gladiatorial school, this challenge near Capua in southern Italy and was addressed joined in societies, with increasing sophistication as cities grew and became more complexthe conspiracy by up to 100 other gladiators. {{Read more|How did Public Sanitation DevelopWhat was the impact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?}}
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[[File:thomas paineHoecke_Croesus_showing_his_treasures.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px200px]]====[[Why How Did American Colonists Croesus Become United Against Englandthe Wealthiest Man in the Ancient World?]]====Colonial Americans enjoyed relative independence from England until 1763According the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus, which marked who has often been called the cessation “father of history,” the Lydian King Croesus (ruled ca. 560-540s BC) was the Seven Years’ Warworld’s wealthiest king who ruled the world’s wealthiest kingdom. Prior to that timeWhen Salon, the British government had paid little attention legendary Athenian law giver, came to Lydia see the domestic affairs conducted by their American colonists. The war was costly; howeverking’s wealth personally, and England deemed it appropriate that American colonies contribute Croesus immediately had his servants “take him on a tour of the royal treasuries” in order to “point out the war debt richness and the costs associated with stationing British troops on American soilmagnificence of everything. {{Read more|Why How Did American Colonists Croesus Become United Against Englandthe Wealthiest Man in the Ancient World?}}
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<div class="portal" >[[File:Mithra sacrifiant le TaureauOseberg_ship_-005_IMG_9129.JPGjpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]
====[[Why was What if the worship of Mithra so popularVikings Never Invaded England?]]====Today the god Mithra The Viking, or Mithras is not recognized by many more accurately Danish and Norsemen, invasions of England in the West. Mithra is often seen as just one 9th century CE (865) helped lead to what ultimately would become the united country of the many gods that was once worshiped in Europe, the Near East, and South AsiaEngland. HoweverBefore 865, in the early centuries of ChristianityEngland was divided into four or sometimes more countries, one can argue the worship of Mithras rivaled influence populated by Angles and importance of ChristianitySaxons (or Anglo-Saxons). {{Read more|Why was What if the worship of Mithra so popularVikings Never Invaded England?}}
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[[File:626px-Edwin_Smith_Papyrus_v2_copy1906roome_td_yale.jpgpng|thumbnail|left|300px250px]]====[[How did Medicine develop in the Ancient WorldDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]====Early medicine developed in a number of societiesIn 1905, both in the New American football faced an crisis. Far to many young men were being killed while playing football and Old Worlds, as populations around no one was taking any serious actions to reduce the world were able to quickly learn that plants that grew around them often have natural healing qualities and health benefitsrisks. Several regions around The headline at the top of the worldright hand column in ''The Chicago Sunday Tribune'' on November 26, which had early complex societies1905 screamed, have left us evidence or documents that describe some of the relatively sophisticated medical techniques or practices that developed at early dates"Football Year's Death Harvest - Record Shows That Nineteen Players Have Been Killed; One Hundred Thirty-seven Hurt - Two Are Slain Saturday."{{Read more|How did Medicine develop in the Ancient WorldDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?}}
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[[File:America's_ConstitutionPrivateering.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[American Legal History Top Ten BooklistPrivateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert]]====These are our Top Ten legal history books. Why do we like these books? Besides being awesomeDuring the War 1812, we believe that these are some US and Canadian privateers fought most of the most exciting legal history books we have readnaval battles between the United States and Great Britain. These books helped us think about privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by the promise of profit to fight for their countries. There was a strong legal history framework in new waysboth the United States and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during the war. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investments. {{Read more|American Legal History Top Ten BooklistPrivateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert}}
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[[File:Florence_CathedralCayleff.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff]]====The Italian Renaissance was one of At the most exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing very end of the arts19th Century, literature, philosophy, architecture a new system called naturopathy was created by Benedict and politicsLouisa Stroebel Lust. Many Unlike many of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy19th Century medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of influences including Michelangelobotanics, Leonardo Da Vincihydrotherapy, Machiavelli eclecticism, temperance and Raphaelvegetarianism.{{Read more|Why did the Italian Renaissance End?Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff}}
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[[File:Gregory-American-Surveillance-cBritish_Lancers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryWhy did the Battle of the Somme largely fail to achieve its objectives?]]====The United States has been conducting surveillance Battle of its citizens since it the Somme or the Somme Offensive was created, but a series of battles that occurred during the ability Summer and Autumn of any government 1916. It involved British and French forces launching a massive assault on the German lines in an effort to spy break the stalemate on its citizens has dramatically improved in the digital ageWestern Front. How should United States balance national security The Battle was primarily a battle between the Germans and personal privacy? Does the Constitution provide adequate protection against unrestricted government surveillance? What can advocates do to strengthen personal privacy rights? These concerns will British. The offensive achieved very little and both sides suffered heavy casualties. The British only intensify in advanced a few miles and the German lines held. The stalemate was not broken by the years to comeoffensive.{{Read more|American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryWhy did the Battle of the Somme largely fail to achieve its objectives?}}
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[[File:1896 Olympic marathonFrench_soldiers.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|300px200px]]====[[How did the marathon emerge?Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist]]====The marathon is seen today as grueling long-distance, usually over 26 mile raceFirst World War was an incredibly destructive and wide ranging catastrophe. The battle Not only did it dramatically change the map of Marathon, fought between Europe and the Greek and Persian armies, world and it led to further instability. The First World War was one of the resulting run by most important wars in human history. There has long been a Greek warrior to tell debate about the victory is usually cited as exact cause of the origin First World War. The assassination of this sport. While there is truth in this story, the history of Archduke Ferdinand triggered the marathon is war but its ultimate causes were far more complex and its presence in many major world cities shows it still stands as one of the great events that tests human will and skill.{{Read more|How did the marathon emerge?Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:GettysburgQueen_Anne's_Lace_(25468119510).jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhat was used for birth control in medieval Europe?]]====A DailyHistoryBirth is a universal experience for humanity and therefore, so is conception. This makes the issue of contraception one which stretched back into antiquity. While this topic is frequently in modern news, the historic practices of contraception and the specific methods utilized are rarely touched upon. {{Read more|What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:GW-painting.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on jpg|thumbnail|left|180px]]====[[What was George Washington's military experience before the battles American Revolution?]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, a gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. {{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Civil WarRevolution?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:512px-Filip II Macedonia. The books on this list explore jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?]]====Alexander the battles Great is one of Antietamthe most famous men in history. However, Gettysburgit is generally recognized that Alexander’s achievements would have been impossible without his father, ChancellorsvillePhilip II of Macedon, and many otherswho reigned from 359 to 336 B.C. The list includes He is not as well-known as his son but he laid the foundations for the works great Empire of several Alexander.{{Read more|How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Egyptian kitchen Berlin 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px]]=====[[How did kitchens develop?]]=====Few places in a home are as important or symbolic for our social bonds than the most prominent historians kitchen. In almost every culture, the kitchen serves not only as the place where food is prepared, but serves as a social hub for families and friends. Humans develop deep social bonds with family and friends in their kitchen. The kitchen does not simply provide for our daily nutrition but also helps to reinforce our social character. Whether humans are cooking around a fire or chopping vegetables on this topic including James McPhersona granite counter-top, they are also interacting with one another. {{Read more|How did kitchens develop?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Christiaan_Barnard_(1968).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When did the First Heart Transplant take place?]]====When Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant in 1967, Gordon Rheait was initially seen as remarkable scientific achievement, Stephen Sears but overtime both the medical community and Craig Symondsthe general public were forced to re-evaluate heart transplants. Take a look at our listThe medical community quickly realized that the first transplants were little more than dangerous and unpredictable experiments.{{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhen did the First Heart Transplant take place?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:662px-Official_Francisco_FrancoKeller.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]]====[[What were the Root Causes of the Spanish Civil WarWhy Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]====Spain was a very dividedHelen Keller (1880–1967) is best known for her triumph over blindness, deafness, unstable and weak country in muteness. Rescued from the 19th century. Once isolation of her afflictions as a great power, Spain lost almost young girl by the last of its colonies after it defeat in Perkins Institute for the Spanish-American war.[1] It was technically Blind teacher Anne Sullivan, Keller learned to understand a monarchy, but power had frequently been in basic form of sign language and learned to “feel” and imitate the hands of military dictators. The country was bitterly divided. The acute poverty sound of the Spanish people meant that many were drawn to Communism, Anarchism and Socialismhuman voice. {{Read more|What were the Root Causes of the Spanish Civil WarWhy Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:PrivateeringAnthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. KertWhen was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?]]====During the War 1812, US The history of Mesothelioma is complicated. Medicine struggled to establish its existence and Canadian privateers fought most understand what caused it. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that forms on the naval battles between "tissues that cover the United States lungs and Great Britainabdomen. These privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by " Mesothelioma is typically tied to the promise exposure of profit people to fight for asbestos in either their countries. There was a strong legal framework in both the United States and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during the war. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investmentsenvironment or workplace.{{Read more|Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. KertWhen was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:CayleffRabbbi's_Atheist_.jpgjpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[NatureThe Rabbi's PathAtheist Daughter: Interview with Susan EBonnie S. CayleffAnderson]]====At the very end of History is fickle. During the 19th Century, a new system called naturopathy Ernestine Rose was created by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lust. Unlike many one of the 19th Century medical systems createdmost important and famous international advocates for feminism, naturopathy has persevered to free thought and anti-slavery. She worked closely with renowned figures in this daymovement such as Susan B. Naturopathic healing was founded Anthony and based on number of influences including botanicsElizabeth Cady Stanton. Despite her contributions to feminism, hydrotherapyatheism, eclecticismand anti-slavery, temperance and vegetarianismsince her death she has slowly been erased from history. {{Read more|NatureThe Rabbi's PathAtheist Daughter: Interview with Susan EBonnie S. CayleffAnderson}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815Skythian_archer_plate_BM_E135_by_Epiktetos.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|250px]]====[[Why When did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European warsMen Start Wearing Pants?]]====The Congress Why did humans start wearing pants? To answer this question it’s important to understand two things - first, what were the earliest forms of Vienna was clothing and how did they evolve into pants and secondly, why did a gathering need for pants develop? It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna body which covers from 1814 waist to 1815the lower leg. The goals It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in Europe and body which covers from waist to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continentlower leg. {{Read more|Why When did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European warsMen Start Wearing Pants?}}
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[[File:652pxInto_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-First_Oil_Well0455M_edit for my series headline photo.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How What Mistakes did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil wellAllies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?]]====Even though there June 6, 1944 was no one "first discover" arguably the most pivotal day of oilWorld War II. Oil Operation Overlord was known set to be launched and if successful, was to open a second front in antiquity when it was used Europe so as to heal woundsattack Germany from all sides. But by Stalin’s Soviet Army had been battling the middle of the 19th century methods for collecting oil from the ground had not changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process German Army since late 1942 in Stalingrad, Leningrad, and dramatically increased oil production around the worldMoscow. {{Read more|How What Mistakes did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil wellAllies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?}}
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====[[FileBook Review:VDC_book_cover"The Assassin's Accomplice.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px"]]====[[Fate of the RevolutionFile: Interview with Lorri GloverAssassins_accomplice.jpg|left|thumb|150px]]====Starting in 1787, states began Kate Clifford Larson's book The Assassin’s Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Plot to ratify the newly drafted federal Constitution which would determine Kill Abraham Lincoln is a well-researched narrative exploring the fate prosecution of Mary Surratt. The Assassin’s Accomplice details the new American Republicevents that revolved around Mrs. In order for the Constitution to go Surratt in effect, nine of the states needed to agree to the document. While five states quickly ratified the Constitution between December 1787 days and January 1788, the country's eyes stayed on Virginia. Virginia was the most populated and largest state and it was critical for the state weeks leading up to ratify the Constitution to legitimize the processassassination of President Lincoln. {{Read more|Fate of the RevolutionBook Review: Interview with Lorri Glover"The Assassin's Accomplice."}}
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[[File:Px-Epikouros BM 1843.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantHow Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?]]====Epicurus is [[File:Black pepper (By R.Boroujerdi).jpeg|left|thumb|205px]]Visiting a restaurant in the Western world or even a home often associated means finding salt and black pepper as one of common condiments on the Greek philosophers more interested in pleasure or its pursuit than other idealstable used to give taste to our dishes. While at times this led Salt has been native to a negative view of his philosophy, the reality many regions and is his thinking was very advanced and developedcommonly found; however, leading to his ideas becoming highly influential in modern thought in many regions of the world today. He black pepper was one of the first Greek philosophers to develop a strong tradition far more limited plant (Piper nigrum) that avoid superstition as a core idealnatively grew in South and Southeast Asia.{{Read more|Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantHow Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?}}
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====[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]====
On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by the Continental Congress. This act was only the first step towards the creation of the United States. The United States then fought a seven year war to cement its independence from England. The successful fight for independence has had a remarkable impact on world history over the past 200 years. The United States gradually transformed itself from a former colony into a superpower. The impact of this revolution cannot be ignored. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten Booklist}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Plato Academy MAN Napoli Inv124545Pinkertons.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[What was PlatoInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O's academy and why did it influence Western thought?Hara]]====The AcademyIn 1850, Allan Pinkerton founded by a detective agency that would grow into the philosopher Plato Pinkerton's National Detective Agency. Pinkerton's agency is easily the most famous and infamous security guard and detective agency in United States history. Pinkerton originally created the early 4th century BCEagency to help railroad companies investigate their employees and catch train robbers. But over time, was perhaps one of the earliest institutions of higher learning. While it was not like a university where people would enroll Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with the federal government and obtain advanced degrees, it functioned as one of these partnerships grew the first places for dedicated research into scientific and philosophical questions, at least in Europe, took place by gathered scholars. Its main function was to teach PlatoPinkertons's philosophical understanding, but it also challenged its scholars to develop a new understanding of our universerole increased dramatically. {{Read more|What was PlatoInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O's academy and why did it influence Western thought?Hara}}
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[[File:The_Alien_and_Sedition_Acts_of_1789652px-First_Oil_Well.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinHow did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?]]====The Alien and Sedition Acts Even though there was no one "first discover" of 1798 were four laws that were passed oil. Oil was known in antiquity when it was used to heal wounds. But by the predominantly Federalist Congress and signed by John Adams to strengthen middle of the 19th century methods for collecting oil from the national security ground had not changed for thousands of the United Statesyears. These acts not only restricted Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and dramatically increased oil production around the ability of an immigrant to become a citizen, but made it easier to deport non-citizens who were either deemed dangerous or were citizens of hostile countriesworld. {{Read more|The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinHow did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?}}
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[[File:Danse_macabre_by_Michael_Wolgemut.png|thumbnail|left|250px]]====[[How did the Bubonic Plague make the Italian Renaissance possible?Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist]]====The Black Death (1347-1350) was a pandemic that devastated the populations of Europe and Asia. The plague was an unprecedented human tragedy in Italy. It not only shook Italian society, but transformed it. The Black Death marked an end of an era in Italy, its impact was profound and it resulted in wide-ranging social, economic, cultural and religious changes.{{Read more|How did the Bubonic Plague make the Italian Renaissance possible?}}</div> <div class="portal">[[File:Stalingrad threeAmerican_Colossus.jpgjpeg|thumbnailleft|leftthumb|250px125px]]====[[Why did Germany lose Creating a Top Ten List for the Battle Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of Stalingrad?]]====Hitler saw outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our favorites. Creating a Top Ten List for the war in terms Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, because outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of its symbolic valueour favorites. However, the original aim Most of the offensive in Southern Russian was these books are focused on trying to secure the oil fields in the Caucasus. The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew define this era as whole, instead of opting for concentrating all his forces focusing on the conquest of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistakesingle issue.{{Read more|Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800Congress_of_Vienna_1815.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]]====[[Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?]]====The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The goals of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in Europe and to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continent. {{Read more|Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Thomas JeffersonHistory of God Top Ten Booklist]]====The concept of God and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed in ten books. These books seek attempt to explain a complex story on how the concept of God developed in different cultures, places, and across time. The history of the idea of God is long and has its roots from prehistoric to early historic periods in the Founding Fathers ancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient Iran, Greece, Egypt, and Christianityperhaps other regions.{{Read more|History of God Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size: Interview with Sam Haselby90%">[[File:William-wallace-monument-1256291 1280.jpeg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is Braveheart?]]====Recently on TwitterBraveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a hero in the Scottish rebellions against the English in the late 13th and early 14th century. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, to some, represent an early, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself and his people. While much of the story depicted did occur, including the English occupation of Scotland during the time of Edward I, king of England, a debate broke out between Annette Gordonthe depiction of the revolt against the English and other events do not correspond well to historical accounts.{{Read more|How historically accurate is Braveheart?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-Reedsize:90%">[[File: Drysocks.JPG |thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]====Bill Mauldin once said that the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company, Sam Haselby180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of Sicily and John Fea on the nature Allied campaign up the boot of Thomas Jefferson's religious beliefsItaly. Instead The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers of recreating the debate, it made “brass” all the way up to General George Patton.{{Read more sense |What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to contact WWII Infantrymen?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Florence_Cathedral.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?]]====The Italian Renaissance was one of the participantsmost exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the arts, Sam Haselbyliterature, whose recent book ''The Origins philosophy, architecture and politics. Many of American Religious Nationalism'' (published by Oxford University Press) examines how a conflict with Protestantism, the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the decades following US independence transformed American national identityRenaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphael.{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, Why did the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyItalian Renaissance End?}}
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[[File:EngineeringvictoryGettysburg.jpgjpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Engineering Victory during the Civil War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.Battles Top Ten Booklist]]====Logistics win warsA DailyHistory. Logistics is org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the coordination battles of complex operations such as moving, housing and supplying troops and their equipmentthe American Civil War. War is The books on this list explore the ultimate test battles of any logistician. Thomas F. ArmyAntietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Jrand many others. argues in his new book <i>Engineering Victory: How Technology Won the Civil War</i> published by Johns Hopkins University Press that the Union's engineering prowess during Civil War gave it an distinct advantage over the ConfederacyTake a look at our list.{{Read more|Engineering Victory during the Civil War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.Battles Top Ten Booklist}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Shantytown_USAStalingrad three.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px250px]]
====[[Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhy did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?]]====The Harvard University Press recently published Lisa Goff's new book ShantytownHitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, USA: Forgotten Landscapes because of its symbolic value. However, the Working Poor. There's a chance that one original aim of your American ancestors lived the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in an American shantytownthe Caucasus. While we may not realize it now, shantytowns were a common feature The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of 19th century America. Goff's book explores not only how shantytowns became a prominent feature opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of America's towns and citiesthe oil fields, but why middle class Americans eventually turned on them and their residentshe made perhaps a fateful mistake. {{Read more|Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhy did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?}}
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====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?]]====
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<div class="portal"style="font-size:90%">====History of Religion===={{#dpl:category=Religious History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Ancient Greek History===={{#dpl:category=Ancient Greek History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div>[[File<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====American Civil War===={{#dpl:category=Civil War|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====19th Century History===={{#dpl:Anonymous_category=19th Century History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-_Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpgsize:90%"> ====Renaissance History===={{#dpl:category=Renaissance History|thumbnailordermethod=firstedit|leftorder=descending|200px]]count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Early US Republic====*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri Halperin]]*[[Origins Fate of the French Revolution - : Interview with Lorri Glover]]*[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Sports History====*[[Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]*[[How did modern boxing emerge?]]The French Revolution has been seen as a world-altering event. The revolution demolished a long standing monarchy and showed that it was a natural form *[[How did the game of government. The Revolution also showed that it was possible to change society, using reason, for golf emerge?]]*[[How did the marathon emerge?]]*[[How did the better and worse. The French Revolution inspired many to agitate for democracy and equality around modern tennis emerge?]]*[[Who integrated the world. NBA?]]{{Read more|Origins *[[How did hunting become a symbol of the French Revolution aristocracy/royalty]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font- size:90%">====Legal History====*[[American Legal History Top Ten Booklist}}]]*[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony Gregory]]*[[How did the Sharia Law develop?]]*[[How has the Roman Lex Mercatoria evolved to play a role in modern International Trade and Commerce Codification?]]*[[How does The Magna Carta influence the Modern Perceptions of Civil Rights?]]*[[How has ancient Rome influenced European law?]]
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Robert_E_Lee_in_1863.png|left|thumb|190px]]====[[How Did the Battle of South Mountain Alter the Course of the American Civil World War?]]I====When Lee ordered his men out of Virginia, he had a massive force. The Confederate Army left Centreville, Virginia with 45,700 men. Additionally, Lee called up three divisions from Richmond that totaled another 20,600 troops in addition to J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry of 5,500 riders. In total, 71,800 Confederate soldiers departed Virginia with orders to proceed to Maryland. {{Read more#dpl:category=World War One History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|How Did the Battle of South Mountain Alter the Course of the American Civil War?count=8}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====European Interwar Political History====*[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]*[[How Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union]]*[[How did Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy?]]*[[Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynski]]*[[The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact- Stalin’s greatest mistake?]]*[[FileThe Nazi triumph:grant.jpg|left|thumb|250pxhow did Adolf Hitler become the Fuehrer of Germany?]]*[[Why did the the Weimar Republic Collapse?]]</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====[[Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil World War?]]Two====January 1, 1863 marked a pivotal moment in the American Civil War. On this date the Emancipation Proclamation, the preliminary of which was issued by President Lincoln on September 22, 1862, took full and permanent effect, thus changing the Union’s ultimate war goal. The harsh and unpopular actions that were necessary to prevent the prolonged bloody carnage of continual war were tasked to three men: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman. {{Read more#dpl:category=World War Two History|ordermethod=firstedit|Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil War?order=descending|count=8}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File====British History===={{#dpl:GW-painting.jpgcategory=British History|ordermethod=firstedit|leftorder=descending|thumb|200px]]count=8}}</div><div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">
====[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]Roman History====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, a gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. He had not served in the military for over 20 years and his military service records was not particularly distinguished. What qualified Washington for the supreme confidence the young American rebels placed in him?{{Read more#dpl:category=Roman History|ordermethod=firstedit|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?order=descending|count=8}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Akhenaten_as_a_Sphinx_(Kestner_Museum).jpg||left|thumb|200px]]====[[How did Monotheism Develop?]]Historically Accurate====While monotheism is seen as something that has derived from Judaism, the history of how monotheism became pervasive is complex. Integrating both historical and archaeological data, we find that the rise of monotheism has been influenced by key political events. These political events help transform not just these early monotheistic faiths but also by extension many parts of the world today.{{Read more#dpl:category=Historically Accurate|ordermethod=firstedit|How did Monotheism Develop?order=descending|count=8}}
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 <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:American_Colossus.jpeg||left|thumb|300px]]====[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist]]Interviews====Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our favorites. Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issue. In other words, several of these books are seeking to create a grand narrative of the era to help their readers understand it. {{Read more#dpl:category=Interviews|Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklistordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:BattleCryFreedom.jpeg||left|thumb|200px]]====[[The Best Historians and Books According to James McPherson]]Booklists====In 2014, the New York Times published a brief interview with noted Civil War historian James McPherson, The George Henry Davis 1886 Professor of American History at Princeton University. McPherson is considered to be the dean of Civil War historians. He is best known for his Pulitzer Prize winning book Battle Cry of Freedom which is the best overview of the Civil War.{{Read more#dpl:category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonorder=descending|count=8}}
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Here are some of our most recently created and edited articles.
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==Interviews==Book Reviews====These Here are some of our interviews with historians discussing their new booksmost recent book reviews.{{#dpl:category=InterviewsBook Review|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=108}}
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