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__NOTOC__ <div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:6590%;">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at JerusalemNapoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Alexander the Great Top Ten Booklist]]====Creating a top ten list for books on Alexander the Great is not easy, since few ancient historical figures have been written about as much. Everything from his complex personality and his sexual life to his military and logistical tactics have been analyzed by historians. Alexander, simply put, stands out as unique among ancient historical figures for having so much detailed assessment made on his life and times.{{Read more|Alexander the Great Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Articles====Here are some of our most recent articles.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:A_Midwife's_Tale.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px]] ====[[History Gender in Early America Top Ten Booklist]]====Most of us are familiar with a narrative of colonial America that focuses on the actions of our "Founding Fathers." But what of our "Founding Mothers"? This booklist compiles ten works that explore gender in colonial North America and provide an important lens through which we can view some of God the formative events in our shared history. {{Read more|Gender in Early America Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Booklists===={{#dpl:category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=12}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File: Lighthouse.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left]]====[[How Was the Lighthouse of Alexandria Destroyed?]]====The concept Of all the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, only the Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt still remain. War, neglect, and natural disasters have wiped them from the face of God the earth with only descriptions left by ancient historians and his historical development is geographers, or perhaps an extraordinarily complex topic and it occasional coin or painting, as tokens of their greatness. {{Read more|How Was the Lighthouse of Alexandria Destroyed?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Book Reviews====Here are some of our most recent book reviews.{{#dpl:category=Book Review|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:William_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px]]====[[Great Gifts for History Lovers 2017]]====It can sometimes be difficult to find the right gift for your history loving friend or spouse. Hopefully, we can help. This is not easily addressed our 2017 list of great gifts for history lovers. If in ten doubt, get a book. History lovers adore books. These Some our recommendations are less academic then some of the books that appear on our other booklists, but they do represent outstanding recent books seek attempt to explain that most history lovers should enjoy. {{Read more|Great Gifts for History Lovers 2017}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Historically Accurate===={{#dpl:category=Historically Accurate|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=10}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Spartacus - 1960 - poster.png|thumbnail|200px|left]] ====[[How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?]]====The historical epic Spartacus (1960) is one of the best-known movies in cinema history. It caused a complex story sensation on how its release and was one of the concept most successful pictures of God developed in different cultures, places, the 1960s. The movie was not only a commercial success it was a critical success and across timeit received several Academy Awards. The history of Spartacus was directed by the idea cinematic genius Stanley Kubrick. {{Read more|How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Last_Kingdom_2.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of God Last Kingdom?]]====Season 2 is long divided into two novels from the Saxon Tales series written by Bernard Cornwell, namely books 3 and has its roots from prehistoric to early historic periods 4 (Season 1 was books 1-2). The novels span roughly between 878-886 (Figure 1). The main focus for Season 2 in the ancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive first four episodes is Uhtred's quest to go north from ancient IranWessex into Northumbria, Greecea less tamed area of England that is ruled more by Danes but their hold is somewhat less clear. Uhtred seeks his ancestral home in Bebbanburg (Bamburgh Castle) and also wants revenge against Kjartan, Egypt, and perhaps other regionswho killed is adopted Danish father.{{Read more|History How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of God Top Ten BooklistLast Kingdom?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Confederate_monument_Elmira_NY.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is BraveheartWhy are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?]]====Braveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars As one travels across the southern United States, it is not unusual to find monuments and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a hero in memorials to the Scottish rebellions against the English Confederate dead in the late 13th and early 14th centurymany small towns. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while alsoIn fact, to somethese sculptural pieces, represent an early, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself often composed of the same statues and his peopleplinths from the Monumental Bronze Co. While much of the story depicted did occurBridgeport, including the English occupation of Scotland during the time of Edward IConn., king of Englandcan be found as far north as Pennsylvania and New York. A study in 2016 found some 1, the depiction 500 monuments still standing. While in recent years these monuments have become a new source of the revolt against the English and other events do not correspond well to historical accountspolitical conversation their very erection was a movement by Confederate women.{{Read more|How historically accurate is BraveheartWhy are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:OriginsAmericanReligiousNationalism16307509620 d1ab80ba6b.pngjpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyWhat was lynching?]]====The Oxford University Press Lynching is often described as a form of extralegal, vigilante violence or justice; however, its meaning has released Sam Haselby's book <i>The Origins evolved over time—from the tarring and feathering of American Religious Nationalism</i> individuals in a new affordable paperback version. This is a fantastic book the Colonial period to the lethal, racial violence that has been getting praise from prominent historians since it was originally released. Gordon Wood described his book proliferated in the New York Review of Books as an South. According to Digital History, "impressive Lynching received its name from Judge Charles Lynch, a Virginia farmer who punished outlaws and powerfully argued book - that ....it was American Protestantism and not any sort of classical republicanism that was most important in shaping Tories with "rough" justice during the development of American nationalismRevolution." The Origins United States has a long history of American Religious Nationalism was published in 2015 vigilance committees whose purposes were to protect the community. According to Linda Gordon, “vigilantism generally means bypassing the legal procedures of the state and substituting direct, usually punitive and will be republished in paperback coercive action by OUP in December 2016self-appointed groups of citizens".{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyWhat was lynching?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File: DrysocksTomb_of_Nakht.JPG jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII InfantrymenAlcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?]]====Bill Mauldin once said There is a common misconception today that life in ancient Egypt was a dreary one for anyone not in the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody elsenobility.” He knew this This image is probably at least partially derived from his experience on pop culture where scenes are common in movies that depict Egyptian peasants being worked to the front lines with K Company, 180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman death to make tombs and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of Sicily temples for their gods and the Allied campaign up the boot of Italykings. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling reality is that although the feathers ancient Egyptian social system was quite different from that of the “brass” modern world, and they had few of today’s modern conveniences, Egyptians from all the way up to General George Pattonsocial classes enjoyed a leisure culture that was not much different than today’s.{{Read more|What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII InfantrymenAlcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:L'aquarium; vue intérieure.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul BrykczynskiHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?]]====After the Great WarLarge public aquariums have become fixtures in most major urban regions. In some places, instead of being divided between they have become among the Austro-Hungaryleading attractions for city tourism, Germany where many aquariums have also expanded into conservation efforts and Russia, Poland emerged from the Treaty of Versailles as an independent nationapplied research along with being tourist destinations. Despite being granted independence, Poland was immediately drawn into a series The history of border wars with the Soviet Unionsuch aquariums is not completely modern, Lithuania and although the Ukraine. As Poland fought with neighbors to define its borders, it also sought to create a truly democratic state. Paul Brykczynski's new book Primed for Violence: Murder, Antisemitism, and Democratic Politics form in Interwar Poland published by the University of Wisconsin Press explores the tragic efforts of the Polish people to create which we know aquariums today is mostly a new democratic state after electing their first President, Gabriel Narutowiczrecent development.{{Read more|Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul BrykczynskiHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Hendrick WGA01076Karl XII i Ystad 1715, målning av Johan Heinrich Wedekindt från 1719.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How Why did the game Charles XII of golf emergeSweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?]]====The game failed invasion of golf today is globally popular Russia by Hitler and watched by millions on televisionNapoleon are well known. The origins Less well-known is invasion of Russia by the sport may go back to ancient periodsSwedes under their most famous king, but most historians trace Charles XII. Sweden in 1700 was the greatest Northern European power and this provoked the definitive beginning jealousy of the sport its neighbors. This led to Medieval Scotland and/or the NetherlandsGreat Northern War. However, it The culmination of this war was in the 19th century that Swedish monarch’s invasion of Russia and his subsequent defeat by Tsar Peter the sport emerged as both a modern one and started to become a global phenomenonGreat at Poltava (1709). {{Read more|How Why did the game Charles XII of golf emergeSweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Chuck_CooperThe_Native_Ground.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Who integrated the NBAHow have Historians' perceptions of Native Americans changed?]]====SportsIn 1997, like Kerwin Lee Klein, among others, observed that a wholesale change had occurred in how historians portrayed Native American societyhistory. Previously, was segregated well into the 20th century. In many ways professional sports was the face historians and ethnographers had focused on “the tragedy of race in the cultural fabricvanishing Indian. African-American athletes competed in their own separate”[1] Many Americans, but unequaleven those sympathetic to Native Americans, professional leagues and little was done to challenge the status quoargued that Indians ultimately faced extinction. Branch Rickey, who Even though this argument was undermined by the general manager continued survival of baseball’s Brooklyn DodgersNative Americans, was scholars were slow to reject it. The Native American rights movement of the first to step up 1960s and end segregation in American sports1970s emphasized the persistence of Native Americans. {{Read more|Who integrated the NBAHow have Historians' perceptions of Native Americans changed?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:leecoverAbraham_Lincoln_Brigade.jpg|thumbnail|120px200px|left]] ====[[The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the Spanish American Civil War Biographies Top Ten Booklist]]====The library of texts pertaining to During the Spanish Civil War Era ranges , approximately 2,800 American men and women answered the call from scholarly research the Communist party to pure fictiondefend the Spanish republic from fascist aggression. Some of the most informative works come These men and women served in the biography genre. The countless memoirs Fifteenth International Brigade and autobiographies are essential to professional researchers and historians formed the Abraham Lincoln, Washington and MacKenzie-Papineau Battalions. These soldiers’ stories have proved indispensable to the modern biographerbeen controversial, because 80 percent of these volunteers were Communists. {{Read more|The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the Spanish American Civil War Biographies Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:Housesteads latrinesAmerican_Girls_in_Red_Russia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[How did Public Sanitation Develop?American Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Julia Mickenberg]]====With Julia L. Mickenberg's new book American Girls in Russia: Chasing the Soviet Dream published by the beginning University of settled lifeChicago Press explores the history of the American women who went to Russia looking for adventure, freedom, revolution, a work and new problem arose as people began to live in one place throughout the yearlife. That problem was public sanitation. With increased population, the need After they moved to adequately remove human waste Russia they found challenges and maintain relatively clean water supplies became an increasing challengehardships.By prehistory, this challenge was addressed in societies, with increasing sophistication as cities grew Many were disturbed by both the conditions of the country and became more complexthe treatment of people by the new government. {{Read more|How did Public Sanitation Develop?American Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Julia Mickenberg}}
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[[File:thomas paineGermanHyperChart.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|150px]] ====[[Why Did American Colonists Become United Against EnglandWhat Were the Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?]]====Colonial Americans enjoyed relative independence from England until 1763, which marked Among the cessation defining features of early twentieth century Europe and one of the Seven Years’ contributing factors to World WarII, was the economic maelstrom known as “hyperinflation” that ravaged Germany from 1921 until 1923. Prior to that time, Although the British government had paid little attention to short period is often overlooked in popular histories of the domestic affairs conducted by their American colonists. The war was costly; howeverperiod, and England deemed it appropriate there is no denying the impacts that American colonies contribute to the war debt process had on Germany, Europe, and the costs associated with stationing British troops on American soilworld. {{Read more|Why Did American Colonists Become United Against EnglandWhat Were the Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?}}
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<div class="portal" >[[File:Mithra sacrifiant le Taureau-00532936173946 bc0836c5c5 o.JPGjpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]
====[[Why was When did abortion become legal in the worship of Mithra so popularUnited States?]]====Today the god Mithra or Mithras is not recognized by many In colonial America, abortion was dealt with in the Westa manner according to English common law. Mithra is often seen as just one of the many gods that Abortion was once worshiped in Europetypically only frowned upon, the Near Eastor penalized, and South Asia. Howeverwhen it occurred after “quickening, in ”—when a woman felt fetal movement—because it suggested that the early centuries of Christianityfetus had manifested into its own separate being. Quickening could vary from women to woman, one can argue the worship of Mithras rivaled influence and importance of Christianitysometimes as late as four months. {{Read more|Why was When did abortion become legal in the worship of Mithra so popularUnited States?}}
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[[File:626px-Edwin_Smith_Papyrus_v2_copyAncient_ziggurat.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|300px]]====[[How did Medicine develop What Was the Importance of Ziggurats in the Ancient WorldMesopotamia?]]====Early medicine developed in The people of ancient Mesopotamia practiced a number of societies, both in the New religion that modern scholars are only just now beginning to understand and Old Worlds, as populations around the world physical focal point of their religion were able to quickly learn that plants that grew around them often have natural healing qualities and health benefits. Several regions around the worldmonumental, which had early complex societies, have left us evidence or documents that describe some of the relatively sophisticated medical techniques or practices that developed at early datestriangular structures known as ziggurats.{{Read more|How did Medicine develop What Was the Importance of Ziggurats in the Ancient WorldMesopotamia?}}
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[[File:America's_ConstitutionImmigrants_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Legal History Top Ten BooklistWorking Toward Whiteness by David Roediger]]====These are our Top Ten legal history books. Why do we like these books? Besides being awesome, we believe that these are some David Roediger’s book <i>Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs</i> continues his provocative exploration of whiteness studies by examining how southern and eastern European immigrants became white during the first half of the most exciting legal history books we have readtwentieth century. These books helped us think about legal history in new waysRoediger argues that “the long, circuitous process by which ‘new immigrants’ became ‘white ethnics’” matters. {{Read more|American Legal History Top Ten BooklistWorking Toward Whiteness by David Roediger}}
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[[File:Florence_CathedralMarco Polo traveling.jpgjpeg|left|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Why did What Is the Italian Renaissance EndHistory of Ice Cream?]]====The Italian Renaissance was one Ice cream has been a popular treat that many see today as having developed relatively recently, as ice cream usually requires a form of refrigeration. While the most exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing modern form of ice cream is relatively more recent, the artsidea of ice cream has been present for millennia. Ice treats, literaturewhich eventually gave us ice cream, philosophy, architecture and politics. Many were refreshing snacks usually reserved for elites or those who can obtain ice in times of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphaelwarm or hot weather.{{Read more|Why did What Is the Italian Renaissance EndHistory of Ice Cream?}}
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[[File:Gregory-American-Surveillance-cTod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryWhat was the impact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome? ]]====The United States has been conducting surveillance of its citizens since it Spartacus was created, but a Thracian and he had once fought with the ability of any government Romans. According to spy on its citizens has dramatically improved in the digital agePlutarch, he was enslaved by them after he had deserted. How should United States balance national security Due to his strength and personal privacy? Does the Constitution provide adequate protection against unrestricted government surveillance? What can advocates do military skills he was trained as a gladiator. In 73BC, he plotted to strengthen personal privacy rights? These concerns will only intensify escape from his gladiatorial school, near Capua in southern Italy and was joined in the years conspiracy by up to come100 other gladiators.{{Read more|American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryWhat was the impact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?}}
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[[File:1896 Olympic marathonHoecke_Croesus_showing_his_treasures.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|300px200px]]====[[How did Did Croesus Become the marathon emergeWealthiest Man in the Ancient World?]]====The marathon is seen today as grueling long-distanceAccording the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus, usually over 26 mile race. The battle who has often been called the “father of Marathonhistory, fought between ” the Greek and Persian armiesLydian King Croesus (ruled ca. 560-540s BC) was the world’s wealthiest king who ruled the world’s wealthiest kingdom. When Salon, and the resulting run by a Greek warrior legendary Athenian law giver, came to tell Lydia see the victory is usually cited as the origin of this sport. While there is truth in this storyking’s wealth personally, the history Croesus immediately had his servants “take him on a tour of the marathon is complex and its presence royal treasuries” in many major world cities shows it still stands as one of order to “point out the great events that tests human will richness and skillmagnificence of everything.”{{Read more|How did Did Croesus Become the Wealthiest Man in the marathon emergeAncient World?}}
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[[File:GettysburgOseberg_ship_-_IMG_9129.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhat if the Vikings Never Invaded England?]]====A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the battles The Viking, or more accurately Danish and Norsemen, invasions of England in the American Civil War. The books on this list explore 9th century CE (865) helped lead to what ultimately would become the battles united country of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and many othersEngland. The list includes the works of several of the most prominent historians on this topic including James McPhersonBefore 865, Gordon RheaEngland was divided into four or sometimes more countries, Stephen Sears populated by Angles and Craig Symonds. Take a look at our listSaxons (or Anglo-Saxons).{{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhat if the Vikings Never Invaded England?}}
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[[File:662px-Official_Francisco_Franco1906roome_td_yale.jpgpng|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px250px]]====[[What were the Root Causes of the Spanish Civil WarDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]====Spain was a very dividedIn 1905, unstable American football faced an crisis. Far to many young men were being killed while playing football and weak country in no one was taking any serious actions to reduce the 19th centuryrisks. Once a great power, Spain lost almost The headline at the last top of its colonies after it defeat in the Spanish-American war.[1] It was technically a monarchy, but power had frequently been right hand column in the hands of military dictators. ''The country was bitterly divided. The acute poverty of the Spanish people meant that many were drawn to CommunismChicago Sunday Tribune'' on November 26, 1905 screamed, Anarchism and Socialism"Football Year's Death Harvest - Record Shows That Nineteen Players Have Been Killed; One Hundred Thirty-seven Hurt - Two Are Slain Saturday."{{Read more|What were the Root Causes of the Spanish Civil WarDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?}}
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====[[Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert]]====
During the War 1812, US and Canadian privateers fought most of the naval battles between the United States and Great Britain. These privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by the promise of profit to fight for their countries. There was a strong legal framework in both the United States and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during the war. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investments.{{Read more|Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert}}
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====[[Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff]]====
At the very end of the 19th Century, a new system called naturopathy was created by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lust. Unlike many of the 19th Century medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of influences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, temperance and vegetarianism. {{Read more|Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff}}
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[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815British_Lancers.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]]====[[Why did the Congress Battle of Vienna the Somme largely fail to stop future European warsachieve its objectives?]]====The Congress Battle of Vienna the Somme or the Somme Offensive was a gathering series of representatives of European kingdoms battles that was presided over by occurred during the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von MetternichSummer and Autumn of 1916. The Congress was held It involved British and French forces launching a massive assault on the German lines in Vienna from 1814 an effort to 1815break the stalemate on the Western Front. The goals of Battle was primarily a battle between the Germans and the Congress were to secure peace British. The offensive achieved very little and stability in Europe both sides suffered heavy casualties. The British only advanced a few miles and to ensure that revolutions did the German lines held. The stalemate was not destabilize broken by the Continentoffensive. {{Read more|Why did the Congress Battle of Vienna the Somme largely fail to stop future European warsachieve its objectives?}}
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[[File:652px-First_Oil_WellFrench_soldiers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[How did Edwin Drake create the Origins of World's first oil well?War One - Top Ten Booklist]]====Even though there The First World War was no one "first discover" an incredibly destructive and wide ranging catastrophe. Not only did it dramatically change the map of oilEurope and the world and it led to further instability. Oil The First World War was known one of the most important wars in antiquity when it was used to heal woundshuman history. But by There has long been a debate about the middle exact cause of the 19th century methods for collecting oil from First World War. The assassination of the ground had not changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and dramatically increased oil production around Archduke Ferdinand triggered the worldwar but its ultimate causes were far more complex. {{Read more|How did Edwin Drake create the Origins of World's first oil well?War One - Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:VDC_book_coverQueen_Anne's_Lace_(25468119510).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Fate What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?]]====Birth is a universal experience for humanity and therefore, so is conception. This makes the issue of contraception one which stretched back into antiquity. While this topic is frequently in modern news, the historic practices of contraception and the specific methods utilized are rarely touched upon. {{Read more|What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:GW-painting.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px]]====[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, a gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. {{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File: Interview with Lorri Glover512px-Filip II Macedonia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?]]====Starting Alexander the Great is one of the most famous men in 1787history. However, it is generally recognized that Alexander’s achievements would have been impossible without his father, Philip II of Macedon, states began who reigned from 359 to ratify 336 B.C. He is not as well-known as his son but he laid the newly drafted federal Constitution which would determine foundations for the fate great Empire of Alexander.{{Read more|How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Egyptian kitchen Berlin 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px]]=====[[How did kitchens develop?]]=====Few places in a home are as important or symbolic for our social bonds than the new American Republickitchen. In order almost every culture, the kitchen serves not only as the place where food is prepared, but serves as a social hub for families and friends. Humans develop deep social bonds with family and friends in their kitchen. The kitchen does not simply provide for our daily nutrition but also helps to reinforce our social character. Whether humans are cooking around a fire or chopping vegetables on a granite counter-top, they are also interacting with one another. {{Read more|How did kitchens develop?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Christiaan_Barnard_(1968).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When did the First Heart Transplant take place?]]====When Christiaan Barnard performed the Constitution first heart transplant in 1967, it was initially seen as remarkable scientific achievement, but overtime both the medical community and the general public were forced to go in effectre-evaluate heart transplants. The medical community quickly realized that the first transplants were little more than dangerous and unpredictable experiments.{{Read more|When did the First Heart Transplant take place?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Keller.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]====Helen Keller (1880–1967) is best known for her triumph over blindness, deafness, nine and muteness. Rescued from the isolation of her afflictions as a young girl by the Perkins Institute for the states needed Blind teacher Anne Sullivan, Keller learned to agree understand a basic form of sign language and learned to “feel” and imitate the sound of the documenthuman voice. {{Read more|Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM. While five states quickly ratified jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?]]====The history of Mesothelioma is complicated. Medicine struggled to establish its existence and understand what caused it. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that forms on the "tissues that cover the Constitution between December 1787 lungs and January 1788, abdomen." Mesothelioma is typically tied to the countryexposure of people to asbestos in either their environment or workplace.{{Read more|When was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Rabbbi's_Atheist_.jpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[The Rabbi's eyes stayed on VirginiaAtheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson]]====History is fickle. Virginia During the 19th Century, Ernestine Rose was one of the most populated important and famous international advocates for feminism, free thought and largest state anti-slavery. She worked closely with renowned figures in this movement such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Despite her contributions to feminism, atheism, and it was critical anti-slavery, since her death she has slowly been erased from history. {{Read more|The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Skythian_archer_plate_BM_E135_by_Epiktetos.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[When did Men Start Wearing Pants?]]====Why did humans start wearing pants? To answer this question it’s important to understand two things - first, what were the earliest forms of clothing and how did they evolve into pants and secondly, why did a need for pants develop? It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the state bottom half of the body which covers from waist to ratify the Constitution lower leg. It is also helpful to legitimize define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the processbody which covers from waist to the lower leg. {{Read more|Fate of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri GloverWhen did Men Start Wearing Pants?}}
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[[File:PxInto_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-Epikouros BM 18430455M_edit for my series headline photo.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantWhat Mistakes did the Allies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?]]====Epicurus is often associated as one June 6, 1944 was arguably the most pivotal day of the Greek philosophers more interested in pleasure or its pursuit than other idealsWorld War II. While at times this led Operation Overlord was set to a negative view of his philosophybe launched and if successful, the reality is his thinking was very advanced and developed, leading to his ideas becoming highly influential open a second front in modern thought in many regions of the world todayEurope so as to attack Germany from all sides. He was one of Stalin’s Soviet Army had been battling the first Greek philosophers to develop a strong tradition that avoid superstition as a core idealGerman Army since late 1942 in Stalingrad, Leningrad, and Moscow. {{Read more|Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantWhat Mistakes did the Allies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?}}
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====[[FileBook Review:Almost_a_Miracle"The Assassin's Accomplice.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px"]]====[[American Revolution Top Ten BooklistFile:Assassins_accomplice.jpg|left|thumb|150px]]====On July 4, 1776, Kate Clifford Larson's book The Assassin’s Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Declaration Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln is a well-researched narrative exploring the prosecution of Independence was signed by Mary Surratt. The Assassin’s Accomplice details the Continental Congressevents that revolved around Mrs. This act was only Surratt in the first step towards the creation of the United States. The United States then fought a seven year war days and weeks leading up to cement its independence from England. The successful fight for independence has had a remarkable impact on world history over the past 200 years. The United States gradually transformed itself from a former colony into a superpower. The impact assassination of this revolution cannot be ignoredPresident Lincoln. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten BooklistBook Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."}}
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====[[How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?]]====[[File:Plato Academy MAN Napoli Inv124545Black pepper (By R.Boroujerdi).jpeg|left|thumb|205px]]Visiting a restaurant in the Western world or even a home often means finding salt and black pepper as common condiments on the table used to give taste to our dishes. Salt has been native to many regions and is commonly found; however, black pepper was a far more limited plant (Piper nigrum) that natively grew in South and Southeast Asia.{{Read more|How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Almost_a_Miracle.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]====The AcademyOn July 4, 1776, founded by the philosopher Plato in the early 4th century BCE, Declaration of Independence was perhaps one of signed by the earliest institutions of higher learningContinental Congress. While it This act was not like a university where people would enroll and obtain advanced degrees, it functioned as one only the first step towards the creation of the first places for dedicated research into scientific and philosophical questions, at least in Europe, took place by gathered scholarsUnited States. Its main function was to teach Plato's philosophical understanding, but it also challenged its scholars to develop a new understanding The impact of our universethis revolution cannot be ignored. {{Read more|What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?American Revolution Top Ten Booklist}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:The_Alien_and_Sedition_Acts_of_1789Pinkertons.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798Inventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Terri HalperinPaul O'Hara]]====The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were four laws In 1850, Allan Pinkerton founded a detective agency that were passed by would grow into the Pinkerton's National Detective Agency. Pinkerton's agency is easily the predominantly Federalist Congress most famous and signed by John Adams to strengthen the national infamous security of the guard and detective agency in United Stateshistory. These acts not only restricted Pinkerton originally created the ability of an immigrant agency to become a citizenhelp railroad companies investigate their employees and catch train robbers. But over time, but made it easier to deport non-citizens who were either deemed dangerous or were citizens of hostile countriesthe Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with the federal government and as these partnerships grew the Pinkertons' role increased dramatically. {{Read more|The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798Inventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Terri HalperinPaul O'Hara}}
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[[File:Danse_macabre_by_Michael_Wolgemut652px-First_Oil_Well.pngjpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]]====[[How did Edwin Drake create the Bubonic Plague make the Italian Renaissance possibleWorld's first oil well?]]====The Black Death (1347-1350) Even though there was a pandemic that devastated the populations no one "first discover" of Europe and Asiaoil. The plague Oil was an unprecedented human tragedy known in Italyantiquity when it was used to heal wounds. It But by the middle of the 19th century methods for collecting oil from the ground had not only shook Italian society, but transformed itchanged for thousands of years. The Black Death marked an end of an era in Italy, its impact was profound Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and it resulted in wide-ranging social, economic, cultural and religious changesdramatically increased oil production around the world.{{Read more|How did Edwin Drake create the Bubonic Plague make the Italian Renaissance possibleWorld's first oil well?}}
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====[[File:Stalingrad three.jpg|thumbnail|left|250pxGilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist]]====[[Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?File:American_Colossus.jpeg|left|thumb|125px]]====Hitler saw Creating a Top Ten List for the war in terms Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, because outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of its symbolic valueour favorites. However, Creating a Top Ten List for the original aim Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in the Caucasusoutstanding books on this period. The oil was essential for the German war machineThese books are a selection of our favorites. Hitler knew Most of these books are focused on trying to define this – era as whole, instead of opting for concentrating all his forces focusing on the conquest of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistakesingle issue.{{Read more|Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800Congress_of_Vienna_1815.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]]====[[Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?]]====The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The goals of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in Europe and to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continent. {{Read more|Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Thomas JeffersonHistory of God Top Ten Booklist]]====The concept of God and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed in ten books. These books seek attempt to explain a complex story on how the concept of God developed in different cultures, places, and across time. The history of the idea of God is long and has its roots from prehistoric to early historic periods in the Founding Fathers ancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient Iran, Greece, Egypt, and Christianityperhaps other regions.{{Read more|History of God Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size: Interview with Sam Haselby90%">[[File:William-wallace-monument-1256291 1280.jpeg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is Braveheart?]]====Recently on TwitterBraveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a hero in the Scottish rebellions against the English in the late 13th and early 14th century. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, to some, represent an early, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself and his people. While much of the story depicted did occur, including the English occupation of Scotland during the time of Edward I, king of England, a debate broke out between Annette Gordonthe depiction of the revolt against the English and other events do not correspond well to historical accounts.{{Read more|How historically accurate is Braveheart?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-Reedsize:90%">[[File: Drysocks.JPG |thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]====Bill Mauldin once said that the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company, Sam Haselby180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of Sicily and John Fea on the nature Allied campaign up the boot of Thomas Jefferson's religious beliefsItaly. Instead The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers of recreating the debate, it made “brass” all the way up to General George Patton.{{Read more sense |What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to contact WWII Infantrymen?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Florence_Cathedral.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?]]====The Italian Renaissance was one of the participantsmost exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the arts, Sam Haselbyliterature, whose recent book ''The Origins philosophy, architecture and politics. Many of American Religious Nationalism'' (published by Oxford University Press) examines how a conflict with Protestantism, the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the decades following US independence transformed American national identityRenaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphael.{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, Why did the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyItalian Renaissance End?}}
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[[File:EngineeringvictoryGettysburg.jpgjpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Engineering Victory during the Civil War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.Battles Top Ten Booklist]]====Logistics win warsA DailyHistory. Logistics is org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the coordination battles of complex operations such as moving, housing and supplying troops and their equipmentthe American Civil War. War is The books on this list explore the ultimate test battles of any logistician. Thomas F. ArmyAntietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Jrand many others. argues in his new book <i>Engineering Victory: How Technology Won the Civil War</i> published by Johns Hopkins University Press that the Union's engineering prowess during Civil War gave it an distinct advantage over the ConfederacyTake a look at our list.{{Read more|Engineering Victory during the Civil War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.Battles Top Ten Booklist}}
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====[[Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhy did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?]]====The Harvard University Press recently published Lisa Goff's new book ShantytownHitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, USA: Forgotten Landscapes because of its symbolic value. However, the Working Poor. There's a chance that one original aim of your American ancestors lived the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in an American shantytownthe Caucasus. While we may not realize it now, shantytowns were a common feature The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of 19th century America. Goff's book explores not only how shantytowns became a prominent feature opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of America's towns and citiesthe oil fields, but why middle class Americans eventually turned on them and their residentshe made perhaps a fateful mistake. {{Read more|Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhy did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?}}
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====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?]]====
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File====History of Religion===={{#dpl:Anonymous_-_Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpgcategory=Religious History|thumbnailordermethod=firstedit|leftorder=descending|200px]]count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Ancient Greek History====[[Origins of the French Revolution - Top Ten Booklist]]{{#dpl:category=Ancient Greek History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div>The French Revolution has been seen as a world<div class="portal" style="font-altering event. The revolution demolished a long standing monarchy and showed that it was a natural form of government. The Revolution also showed that it was possible to change society, using reason, for the better and worse. The French Revolution inspired many to agitate for democracy and equality around the world. size:90%"> ====American Civil War===={{Read more#dpl:category=Civil War|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|Origins of the French Revolution - Top Ten Booklistcount=8}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Robert_E_Lee_in_1863.png|left|thumb|190px]]====[[How Did the Battle of South Mountain Alter the Course of the American Civil War?]]19th Century History====When Lee ordered his men out of Virginia, he had a massive force. The Confederate Army left Centreville, Virginia with 45,700 men. Additionally, Lee called up three divisions from Richmond that totaled another 20,600 troops in addition to J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry of 5,500 riders. In total, 71,800 Confederate soldiers departed Virginia with orders to proceed to Maryland. {{Read more#dpl:category=19th Century History|ordermethod=firstedit|How Did the Battle of South Mountain Alter the Course of the American Civil War?order=descending|count=8}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File====Renaissance History===={{#dpl:grant.jpgcategory=Renaissance History|leftordermethod=firstedit|thumborder=descending|250px]]count=8}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">==[[Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil War?]]==History of Early US Republic====January 1*[[Thomas Jefferson, 1863 marked a pivotal moment in the American Civil War. On this date the Emancipation Proclamation, the preliminary of which was issued by President Lincoln on September 22, 1862, took full Founding Fathers and permanent effect, thus changing the Union’s ultimate war goal. Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[The harsh Alien and unpopular actions that were necessary to prevent the prolonged bloody carnage Sedition Acts of continual war were tasked to three men1798: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman. {{Read more|Was Interview with Terri Halperin]]*[[Fate of the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End Revolution: Interview with Lorri Glover]]*[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was George Washington's military experience before the Civil WarAmerican Revolution?}}]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Sports History====*[[Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]*[[File:GW-painting.jpg||left|thumb|200pxHow did modern boxing emerge?]]*[[How did the game of golf emerge?]]*[[How did the marathon emerge?]]*[[How did the modern tennis emerge?]]*[[Who integrated the NBA?]]*[[How did hunting become a symbol of the aristocracy/royalty]]</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Legal History====*[[American Legal History Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was George Washington's military experience before American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony Gregory]]*[[How did the American RevolutionSharia Law develop?]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously *[[How has the Roman Lex Mercatoria evolved to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, play a gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. He had not served role in the military for over 20 years modern International Trade and his military service records was not particularly distinguished. What qualified Washington for Commerce Codification?]]*[[How does The Magna Carta influence the supreme confidence the young American rebels placed in himModern Perceptions of Civil Rights?]]{{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution*[[How has ancient Rome influenced European law?}}]]
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Akhenaten_as_a_Sphinx_(Kestner_Museum).jpg||left|thumb|200px]]====[[How did Monotheism Develop?]]World War I====While monotheism is seen as something that has derived from Judaism, the history of how monotheism became pervasive is complex. Integrating both historical and archaeological data, we find that the rise of monotheism has been influenced by key political events. These political events help transform not just these early monotheistic faiths but also by extension many parts of the world today.{{Read more#dpl:category=World War One History|ordermethod=firstedit|How did Monotheism Develop?order=descending|count=8}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:American_Colossus.jpeg||left|thumb|300px]]====[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era European Interwar Political History Top Ten Booklist]]====Creating a Top Ten List for *[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]*[[How Joseph Stalin became the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number leader of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection the Soviet Union]]*[[How did Mussolini become Prime Minister of our favorites. Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issue. In other words, several of these books are seeking to create a grand narrative Italy?]]*[[Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynski]]*[[The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact- Stalin’s greatest mistake?]]*[[The Nazi triumph: how did Adolf Hitler become the Fuehrer of Germany?]]*[[Why did the the era to help their readers understand it. {{Read more|Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist}}Weimar Republic Collapse?]]
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:BattleCryFreedom.jpeg||left|thumb|200px]]====[[The Best Historians and Books According to James McPherson]]World War Two====In 2014, the New York Times published a brief interview with noted Civil {{#dpl:category=World War historian James McPherson, The George Henry Davis 1886 Professor of American Two History at Princeton University. McPherson is considered to be the dean of Civil War historians. He is best known for his Pulitzer Prize winning book Battle Cry of Freedom which is the best overview of the Civil War.{{Read more|The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}
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==Articles==Here are some of our most recently created and edited articles.British History===={{#dpl:category=WikisBritish History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}
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==Booklists==Includes our most recent Expert and User created Top Ten History Booklists.Interviews===={{#dpl:category=BooklistsInterviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=158}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">==Blog Roll==Great History Sites====
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