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One obvious influence of the Roman Empire is the idea of a republic, a concept of governing by elected legislative and executive systems. The system in Rome also had a judicial system that, similar to today, was considered as a the primary way to uphold citizens’ rights and represent one of the have checks and balances in government.<ref>For a general discussion on the Roman Republic and its governing influence see: Millar, Fergus. 2002. ''The Roman Republic in Political Thought.'' The Menahem Stern Jerusalem Lectures. Hanover: University Press of New England.</ref> While clearly many democracies today have based their systems on this Roman concept, the legacy of Rome has been continuous since the fall of the Roman Empire. In fact, it was not just the Roman Republic but also the Roman Empire, the concept of strong central government ruled by an emperor who brought order and power, that profoundly influenced Asian and European governments particularly in the centuries that followed the fall of Rome.

==Monarchs and Emperors==In While many democracies today have based their systems on this Roman concept, the centuries after legacy of Rome has been in continuous use since the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it is commonly viewed that Europe entered a dark age, where few historical documents are known and . It was not just the Roman economic and political systems had collapsed. However, what is Republic but also obvious is that very soon after the collapse of the Roman Empire, local rulers the concept of strong central government ruled by an emperor who brought order and monarchs power, that arose began to emulate and adopt Roman governmental traditions and laws.<ref>For example, Roman laws profoundly influenced some Germanic tribes in governance Asian and law practice, eventually shaping what became adopted and codified later. See: Stein, Peter. 1999. ''Roman Law European governments particularly in European History.'' New York: Cambridge University Press, pg. 31the centuries that followed the fall of Rome.</ref>

We see that ====Monarchs and Emperors====In the Roman Empire did, in fact, continue in centuries after the form fall of the Byzantine Roman Empire in the Middle East and Eastern 5th century AD, it is commonly viewed that Europe. Hereentered a dark age, where few historical documents are known, the rulers titled themselves as emperors in a similar manner to and the Roman Empire economic and saw themselves as carrying Roman traditionspolitical systems had collapsed. In Western EuropeHowever, Charlemagne (742-814) was the first monarch to unite much of the region what is also obvious is that very soon after the fall collapse of the Roman Empire. The title he took as he achieved this was “Emperor of the Romans” , local rulers and monarchs that arose began to emulate and was crowned in Rome, symbolic of past adopt Roman authoritygovernmental traditions and laws.<ref>StoryFor example, JoannaRoman laws influenced some Germanic tribes in governance and law practice, ed. 2005. ''Charlemagne: Empire eventually shaping what became adopted and Societycodified later.'' Manchester ; New YorkSee: Manchester University Press,pg. 53.</ref> Similar traditions were also present in Slavic and Germanic culturesStein, with the titles of Tsar and Kaiser deriving from the word Caesar, denoting an imperial title or ruler with central authorityPeter.<ref>Stevenson, Tom. 20141999. ''Julius Caesar and the Transformation of the Roman RepublicLaw in European History.'' New York: RutledgeCambridge University Press, pg. 531.</ref> The ideals of an orderly state with strong central government were ideals rulers in Russia and Europe tried to emulate.

==We see that the Roman Empire did continue in the form of the Byzantine Empire in the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Here, the rulers titled themselves as emperors in a similar manner to the Roman Empire and saw themselves as carrying Roman traditions. In Western Europe, Charlemagne (742-814) was the first monarch to unite much of the region after the fall of the Roman Empire. The Democracies==title he took as he achieved this was “Emperor of the Romans” and was crowned in Rome, symbolic of past Roman authority.<ref>Story, Joanna, ed. 2005. ''Charlemagne: Empire and Society.'' Manchester ; New York: Manchester University Press, pg. 53.</ref> Similar traditions were also present in Slavic and Germanic cultures, with the titles of Tsar and Kaiser deriving from the word Caesar, denoting an imperial title or ruler with the central authority.<ref>Stevenson, Tom. 2014. ''Julius Caesar and the Transformation of the Roman Republic.'' New York: Rutledge, pg. 5.</ref> The ideals of an orderly state with strong central government were ideals rulers in Russia and Europe tried to emulate.

While Roman governing laws have had a profound global influence, particularly as European-based empires and governing ideas were spread to different parts One of the globe biggest influences, however, came later in the 18th and later centuries, new forms Middle Ages (late 11th century) after the discovery of government began to appear that were also influenced by the Roman concepts. In the United StatesDigest, after its founding in 1776, the political system which was more influenced by a compilation of Roman ideas than laws. This discovery led to some European countries adopting it was in places such as Britain, which already had a democratic system part of their common law that was less influenced by Romegoverned day-to-day matters. The This discovery led to the creation founding of the United States government was heavily influenced by its founding leaders when they drafted their Constitution first university in 1787. These founding fathers were influenced by Cicero and others and developed Europe, the idea University of checks and balances from the Bologna, initially to study Roman concept that affects the executive, legislative, and judicial brancheslaw.<ref>BedermanFor a discussion on the Digest see: Stein, David JPeter. 20081999. ''The Classical Foundations of the American Constitution: Prevailing WisdomRoman Law in European History.''. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, pg. 8244.</ref> The One example influence of Roman and United States systems both had an executive branch that law is electedthe right to return faulty purchases by buyers used today in many countries. <ref>Watson, Alan. 2009. ''The Roman legislative branches consisted Digest of Justinian: Volume 3: The Digest of Justinian.Volume 3''. Philadelphia, Pa: University of several branchesPennsylvania Press, including a Senate that has since lent its name to the United States Senatepg. 385. </ref> The idea of multiple legislative branches influenced what eventually becomes Napoleonic code in France is still influential today in the Senate French government and House of Representatives even around the world, as the two branches it asserted individual rights about a wide range of legislation in the United Statessubjects including commercial and legal areas, which at its core is based on Roman laws.<ref> Tarr, G. Alan. 2014. ''Judicial Process and Judicial Policymaking.'' Sixth edition. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, pg. 7. </ref>

====The judicial system in Rome also consisted of Praetors who also served Democracies====While Roman governing laws have had a profound global influence, particularly as high judges, similar in concept to the Supreme Court.<ref>Madden, Thomas F. 2008. Empires of Trust: How Rome Built-European-based empires and America Is Building--a New World. New York: Dutton.</ref> The Roman legal code acted similarly governing ideas were spread to the Bill different parts of Rights, although the Roman code only affected freeborn male citizens. Similar to Rome, globe in the United States only male citizens were initially allowed to vote 18th andlater centuries, therefore, have influence on new forms of governmentappeared that included numerous Roman governing concepts. The Judiciary system in In the United States , after its founding in 1776, the political system was heavily affected more influenced by Roman practices and to this day legal terms apply Latin Roman phrases. For instanceideas than it was in places such as Britain, the ideas of having which already had a preliminary hearing, appeal, or trial democratic system that was less influenced by jury are Roman concepts.<ref>Fishwick, Marshall William. 2007. ''Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture.'' New York: Haworth Press, pg. 183. Also: Waelkens, Laurent. 2015. ''Amne Adverse.'' [S.l.]: Leuven University PressRome.</ref>

Roman ideals and concepts from the Roman Empire, such as an absolute supreme leader or emperor The judicial system in the form Rome also consisted of CaesarPraetors who also served as high judges, similar in concept to the Roman Republic have heavily influenced governments around the worldSupreme Court. These have affected all branches of government utilized today<ref>Madden, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branchesThomas F. 2008. The influences Empires of Trust: How Rome on the ideals of power Built--and order were profound in the Middle Ages and later periodsAmerica Is Building--a New World. New York: Dutton. </ref> The ideals have also incorporated Roman rule and governing that form legal code acted similarly to the basis Bill of democratic systemsRights, although the Roman code only affected freeborn male citizens. Works by Cicero and other Romans Similar to Rome, in the United States, only male citizens were held in high esteem as examples of democratic ideals initially allowed to vote and freedom, which were adopted by intellectuals therefore, influence government. The Judiciary system in the United States in particularwas heavily affected by Roman practices, and subsequently influenced to this day legal terms apply Latin Roman phrases. For instance, the formation ideas of many governments todayhaving a preliminary hearing, appeal, or trial by jury are Roman concepts.<ref>Fishwick, Marshall William. 2007. ''Cicero, Classicism, and Popular Culture.'' New York: Haworth Press, pg. 183. Also: Waelkens, Laurent. 2015. ''Amne Adverse.'' [S.l.]: Leuven University Press. </ref>

====Summary====Ideas and concepts from the Roman Empire, such as an absolute supreme leader or emperor in the form of Caesar, to the Roman Republic, have heavily influenced governments around the world. These have affected all branches of government utilized today, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The influences of Rome on the ideals of power and order were profound in the Middle Ages and later periods.  The ideals have also incorporated Roman rule and governing that form the basis of democratic systems. Works by Cicero and other Romans were held in high esteem as examples of democratic ideals and freedom, which were adopted by intellectuals in the United States in particular, and subsequently influenced the formation of many governments today. <div class="portal" style="width:85%;">====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[Angels of the Underground: Interview with Theresa Kaminski]]*[[Why Was the Battle of Antietam a Pivotal event in the American Civil War?]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]*[[Engineering Victory during the Civil War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.]]</div> ====References====