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====Early History====Early fighting developed in the early urban societies of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus. Very likely, howeverHowever, these were not dedicated fire departments but rather as a volunteer or paid individuals who would be responsible in for assembling a crew and extinguishing a fire in the city. Few archaeological remains have attested to such firefighters, but laws, such as those from Hammurabi's law code, indicate they existed. There is a law that discussed a firefighter who stole from a house he was putting out a fire from would be punished by death by being thrown into the fire. The law makes it clear though that it is a volunteer. This does not mean there were no paid firefighters but it could mean volunteers may have volunteered because fires gave opportunity for theft.

We don't know There was a law that stated that a firefighter who stole from a burning house that he was responsible for would be punished by death by being thrown into the equipment used by fire. The law makes it clear though that it is a volunteer that the earliest law applies to. This does not mean there were no paid firefighters, but likely it consisted of bucketscould mean volunteers may have volunteered because fires gave an opportunity for theft.<ref>For more on early laws concerning firefighters, see: VerSteeg, wells to extract waterR. (2000). Early Mesopotamian law. Durham, and perhaps carts to move water to where the fire was locatedN. The first documented fire pump dates to the 2nd century BCEC: Carolina Academic Press, where a pump invented by Ctesibius of Alexandria may have been used in putting out fires in the city of Alexandriapg. 114.</ref>

In We don't know the equipment used by the Roman periodearliest firefighters, the city but likely it consisted of Rome grew rapidly buckets, wells to extract water, and began perhaps carts to move water to have problems with major fires. Initially, fires may have been only extinguished in places where homeowners or property owners could pay the price. Negotiation of the price may have occurred while the fire was burning, although evidence for this is not entirely certainlocated. The first dedicated city-based documented fire department was developed, perhaps ironicallypump dates to the 2nd century BCE, where a pump invented by emperor Nero, who was blamed for Ctesibius of Alexandria may have been used in putting out fires in the great fire city of RomeAlexandria. The firefighting capabilities consisted of men assigned as <i>Vigiles</iref>For information about this first fire pump, who also served as Rome's police forcesee: Day, that had access to bucketsL., pumps& McNeil, and even equipment to tear down buildings to make it easier to stop a fire from spreadingI. (Eds.). (1998). The firefighting force patrolled Biographical dictionary of the streets history of Rome and the fact they were responsible for policing and firefighting indicates that the <i>Vigilestechnology (1. publ. in paperback). London: Routledge, pg. 588.</iref> were essentially a protection force.

China, ParthianIn the Roman period, the city of Rome rapidly expanded and Sasanians likely developed similar types of dedicated groups who would be responsible began to respond to events such as a fire have problems with large fires. Initially, fires may have been only extinguished in places where homeowners or property owners could pay the cityprice. Similar to Negotiation of the Roman <i>Vigiles</i>, they price may have patrolled occurred while the streets as watchmen and simply responded fire was burning, potentially putting owners in a vulnerable position to fire eventsbeing extorted, although evidence for this is not entirely certain.

==Medieval History The first dedicated city-based fire department was developed, perhaps ironically, by emperor Nero, who was blamed for the great fire of Rome. The firefighting capabilities consisted of men assigned as <i>Vigiles</i>, who also served as Rome's police force, that had access to buckets, pumps, and Early Modern History==even equipment to tear down buildings to help break and stop a fire from spreading. The firefighting force patrolled the streets of Rome, and the fact they were responsible for policing and firefighting indicates that the <i>Vigiles</i> were essentially a protection force.<ref>For more on Nero and his firefighting organization, see: Alston, R. (2014). Aspects of Roman history, 31 BC-AD 117 (Second edition). London ; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.</ref>

Technical China, Parthian, and social changes for much Sasanians likely developed similar types of the Medieval period were limited in relation to firefighting. This meant that the concept of using watchmen dedicated groups who would respond and call other watchmen or volunteers be responsible for responding to then respond to the events such as a fire largely persisted in the towns and cities of Europe and other regionscity. Pumps Similar to the Roman <i>Vigiles</i>, they may have patrolled the streets as watchmen and wagons were sometimes used, but technically these were not much different from ancient periodssimply responded to fire events. Most <ref>As an example of these watches were locally administered by neighborhoods or districts states' firefighting, see: Sarker, K.R. 2003. Public Finance in citiesAncient India. However, in the 16th centuryFirst edition Edition. Abhinav Publications, with the increasingly population of cities such as Paris, we begin to see more centralized watchmen who were responsible to the king and central authorities directly.India</ref>

The Great London Fire of 1666 (====Medieval History and Early Modern History====[[File:Feuerwehrmuseum-Kübelspritze.jpeg|thumbnail|300px|Figure 1) began to change how fire was perceived2. Insurance companies soon began to cover and insure buildings, which gave them interest Improvements in pumps in protecting those buildingsthe 17th century helped firefighting efforts. These insurance companies in London began to organize their own fire brigades, although these firefighters ]]Technical and social changes for much of the Medieval period were mostly interested in protecting buildings they insuredlimited about firefighting. The led to public markers This meant that indicated which buildings were insured by given companies. However, this system was chaotic the concept of using watchmen who would respond and buildings would only be saved by specific insurance companies, leaving others to burn. The insurance companies also realized that it was in their interest call other volunteers to put out fires in buildings they did not insure, as that could then help respond to save buildings they did insure. With London's population growing rapidly the fire largely persisted in the 18th towns and early 19th centuries, fires became a major problem for the city as they threatened the destruction cities of the large cityEurope and other regions. By around 1700Pumps and wagons were sometimes used, new pumps but technically these were developed not much different from ancient periods. Neighborhoods or districts locally administered most of these watches in France that did help firefighting across urban places such as Paris (Figure 2)cities.

Napoleon may have been However, in the first ruler to develop a public fire brigade that was funded by 16th century, with the state. The first professional firefighters appeared increasing population of cities such as Paris, we begin to have been former military personnel. The city of Cincinnati Ohio was the first city in the United Stated see more centralized watchmen who were responsible to developed the first public funded fire departmentking and central authorities directly. In the United States<ref>For more on watchmen, similar to Britain and other European countriessee: Johnston, firefighting was largely privatized and controlled by insurance companiesR. A. (2011).The London Fire Engine was established in 1833, reflecting All things medieval: an encyclopedia of the need to centralize firefighting across an increasingly expanding citymedieval world. HoweverSanta Barbara, this was nothing more than a fire department for insurance company that was only minimally financed by the insurersCalif: Greenwood, where 13 stations serviced the entire city of Londonpg. It took 1865 the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act to finally create a formal fire department in the city that was funded with public money, creating the first official fire department for the city449.</ref>

[[File:Firefighters Microcosm edited.jpeg|thumbnail|The Great London Fire of 1666 (Figure 1) began to change how a fire was perceived. Insurance companies soon began to cover and insure buildings, which gave them an interest in protecting those buildings. The These insurance companies in London Great Fire was a key event began to organize their fire brigades, although these firefighters were mostly interested in protecting buildings they insured. Buildings began to post public markers that shaped firefighting for the next century and a halfindicated which buildings were insured by given companies. ]]

[[File:Feuerwehrmuseum-KübelspritzeHowever, this system was chaotic, and buildings would only be saved by specific insurance companies, leaving others to burn. The insurance companies also realized that it was in their interest to put out fires in buildings they did not insure, as that could then help to save buildings they did insure. With London's population multiplying in the 18th and early 19th centuries, fires became a major problem for the city as they threatened the destruction of the large city.jpeg|thumbnail|By around 1700, new pumps were developed in France that did help firefighting across urban places such as Paris (Figure 2). Improvements in pumps <ref>For more on the Great London Fire and development of firefighting in the 17th century helped firefighting effortsand 18th centuries, see: Gogerly, L., & Harley, D. (2003). The Great Fire of London. London: Hodder Wayland.]]</ref>

==Modern Developments==By Napoleon may have been the 1920s and 1930s, equipment for firefighting began first ruler to become more standardized in countries. Firefighting had developed into develop a full profession with many cities public fire brigade that was funded by now developing their own fire departmentsthe state. In addition The first professional firefighters appeared to greater central organization either run by citieshave been former military personnel, municipalities, or even higher levels of government, fire departments mostly changed and they served as the first full-time employees in the 20th century as a large number firefighting. The city of technologies developed. In the 19th century, water was still brought largely by horse, sometimes by train or boatCincinnati, to fires. Pump technologies improved Ohio in the 19th century, including suction engines, but delivery of water 1853 was still not well developed. Only the early 20th century did motorized vehicles began carrying first city in the primary firefighting equipment, leading United Stated to developed the first public-funded fire engine with the Know Automobile Company often being credited with creating the first modern enginedepartment. The innovation of airplanes led to shortly after In the use of aircraft United States, similar to scout Britain and in some cases directly aid in other European countries, firefightingwas largely privatized and controlled by insurance companies. For fire enginesThe London Fire Engine was established in 1833, reflecting the aerial platform developed by the time of World War II, which shaped fire trucks need to their modern design. Throughout the post-World War II era saw improvements in firefighting equipment, including in masks and use of fire retardant that enabled centralize firefighting to be improvedacross an increasingly expanding city.

==Conclusion==Firefighting has had major developments in the last century. InitiallyHowever, population pressure forced cities in ancient cities to become this was nothing more organized in their efforts to respond to larger fires. In the period after the Great London Fire, than a fire department for insurance companies mostly developed their own or help instigate that were only minimally financed by the need for firefighting groups. Howeverinsurers, by where 13 stations serviced the early 19th century, there was a clear need to coordinate activities between an often fragmented system entire city of fighting fires and London. It took "The 1865 the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act" to provide clear funding from finally create a formal fire department in the government so city that those without insurance for their buildings could also benefit as well as insured properties. Napoleon likely developed was funded with public money, creating the first professional firefighters with this idea spreading to public fire department for the United States and Great Britain city.<ref>For more on firefighting in the early 19th centuries. Technologies began to rapidly change and by the 20th century, at the time see: Green-Hughes, E. (1979). A history of World War II, fire engines similar to today began to developfirefighting. Ashbourne [Eng.]: Moorland Pub.</ref>

====Modern Developments====By the 1920s and 1930s, equipment for firefighting began to become more standardized in countries. Firefighting had developed into a full profession with many cities by now developing their fire departments. In addition to the greater central organization either run by cities, municipalities, or even higher levels of government, fire departments mostly changed in the 20th century as a large number of technologies developed.  In the 19th century, water was still brought largely by horse, sometimes by train or boat, to fires. Pump technologies improved in the 19th century, including suction engines, but the delivery of water was still not well developed. Only by the early 20th century did motorized vehicles begin carrying the primary firefighting equipment, leading to the fire engine with the Know Automobile Company often being credited with creating the first modern engine. The innovation of airplanes led to shortly after the use of aircraft to scout and in some cases directly aid in firefighting.  For fire engines, the aerial platform developed by the time of World War II, which shaped firetrucks to their modern design, helping them reach tall buildings with their extended hoses. Throughout the post-World War II era, there were improvements in firefighting equipment, including in masks and use of fire retardant that enabled firefighting to be improved.<ref>For more on modern fire departments and equipment, see: Wallington, N. (2008). One hundred years of the British fire engine. Huddersfield: Jeremy Mills Pub.</ref> ====Conclusion====Firefighting has had major developments in the last century. Initially, population pressure forced cities in ancient cities to become more organized in their efforts to respond to larger fires. In the period after the Great London Fire, insurance companies mostly developed their own or help instigate the need for firefighting groups.  However, by the early 19th century, there was a clear need to coordinate activities between an often fragmented system of fighting fires and to provide clear funding from the government so that those without insurance for their buildings could also benefit as well as insured properties. Napoleon likely developed the first professional firefighters with this idea spreading to the United States and Great Britain in the early 19th centuries. Technologies began to change rapidly and by the 20th century, at the time of World War II, fire engines similar to today began to develop. ====References====<references/> Updated December 14, 2018. [[Category:History of Science and Technology]][[Category:Wikis]]