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__NOTOC__{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:CayleffSpartacus - 1960 - poster.jpgpng|thumbnail|200px|left|300px]]====[[NatureHow accurate is Stanley Kubrick's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff'Spartacus'?]]====At The historical epic Spartacus (1960) is one of the very end best-known movies in cinema history. It caused a sensation on its release and was one of the 19th Century, most successful pictures of the 1960s. The movie was not only a new system called naturopathy commercial success it was created a critical success and it received several Academy Awards. Spartacus was directed by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lustthe cinematic genius Stanley Kubrick. {{Read more|How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Last_Kingdom_2. Unlike many jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?]]====Season 2 is divided into two novels from the 19th Century medical systems createdSaxon Tales series written by Bernard Cornwell, naturopathy has persevered namely books 3 and 4 (Season 1 was books 1-2). The novels span roughly between 878-886 (Figure 1). The main focus for Season 2 in the first four episodes is Uhtred's quest to this daygo north from Wessex into Northumbria, a less tamed area of England that is ruled more by Danes but their hold is somewhat less clear. Naturopathic healing was founded Uhtred seeks his ancestral home in Bebbanburg (Bamburgh Castle) and based on number of influences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticismalso wants revenge against Kjartan, temperance and vegetarianismwho killed is adopted Danish father. {{Read more|Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. CayleffHow Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:British_LancersConfederate_monument_Elmira_NY.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|300px]]====[[Why did are there so many Monuments to the Battle of Confederacy across the Somme largely fail to achieve its objectivesUnited States?]]====The Battle of As one travels across the Somme or southern United States, it is not unusual to find monuments and memorials to the Somme Offensive was a series Confederate dead in many small towns. In fact, these sculptural pieces, often composed of battles that occurred during the Summer same statues and Autumn plinths from the Monumental Bronze Co. of 1916Bridgeport, Conn. It involved British , can be found as far north as Pennsylvania and French forces launching a massive assault on the German lines New York. A study in an effort to break the stalemate on the Western Front2016 found some 1,500 monuments still standing. The Battle was primarily While in recent years these monuments have become a battle between the Germans and the British. The offensive achieved new source of political conversation their very little and both sides suffered heavy casualties. The British only advanced erection was a few miles and the German lines held. The stalemate was not broken movement by the offensiveConfederate women. {{Read more|Why did are there so many Monuments to the Battle of Confederacy across the Somme largely fail to achieve its objectivesUnited States?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:French_soldiers16307509620 d1ab80ba6b.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|300px]]====[[Origins of World War One - Top Ten BooklistWhat was lynching?]]====The First World War was an incredibly destructive Lynching is often described as a form of extralegal, vigilante violence or justice; however, its meaning has evolved over time—from the tarring and wide ranging catastrophe. Not only did it dramatically change the map feathering of Europe and individuals in the world and it led Colonial period to further instabilitythe lethal, racial violence that proliferated in the South. The First World War was one of According to Digital History, "Lynching received its name from Judge Charles Lynch, a Virginia farmer who punished outlaws and Tories with "rough" justice during the most important wars in human historyAmerican Revolution. There " The United States has a long been a debate about the exact cause history of vigilance committees whose purposes were to protect the First World Warcommunity. The assassination According to Linda Gordon, “vigilantism generally means bypassing the legal procedures of the Archduke Ferdinand triggered the war but its ultimate causes were far more complexstate and substituting direct, usually punitive and coercive action by self-appointed groups of citizens". {{Read more|Origins of World War One - Top Ten BooklistWhat was lynching?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:VDC_book_coverTomb_of_Nakht.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Fate What Was the Importance of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri GloverAlcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?]]====Starting There is a common misconception today that life in ancient Egypt was a dreary one for anyone not in 1787, states began to ratify the newly drafted federal Constitution which would determine the fate of the new American Republicnobility. In order for the Constitution This image is probably at least partially derived from pop culture where scenes are common in movies that depict Egyptian peasants being worked to go in effect, nine of the states needed death to agree to the documentmake tombs and temples for their gods and kings. While five states quickly ratified The reality is that although the Constitution between December 1787 and January 1788, the country's eyes stayed on Virginia. Virginia ancient Egyptian social system was quite different from that of the most populated modern world, and largest state and it they had few of today’s modern conveniences, Egyptians from all social classes enjoyed a leisure culture that was critical for the state to ratify the Constitution to legitimize the processnot much different than today’s. {{Read more|Fate What Was the Importance of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri GloverAlcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Px-Epikouros BM 1843L'aquarium; vue intérieure.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?]]====Epicurus is often associated as one of the Greek philosophers more interested Large public aquariums have become fixtures in pleasure or its pursuit than other idealsmost major urban regions. While at times this led to a negative view of his philosophyIn some places, they have become among the reality is his thinking was very advanced and developedleading attractions for city tourism, leading to his ideas becoming highly influential in modern thought in where many regions aquariums have also expanded into conservation efforts and applied research along with being tourist destinations. The history of such aquariums is not completely modern, although the world form in which we know aquariums today. He was one of the first Greek philosophers to develop is mostly a strong tradition that avoid superstition as a core idealrecent development.{{Read more|Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Almost_a_MiracleKarl XII i Ystad 1715, målning av Johan Heinrich Wedekindt från 1719.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhy did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?]]====On July 4, 1776, the Declaration The failed invasion of Russia by Hitler and Napoleon are well known. Less well-known is invasion of Independence was signed Russia by the Continental CongressSwedes under their most famous king, Charles XII. This act Sweden in 1700 was only the first step towards greatest Northern European power and this provoked the creation jealousy of the United Statesits neighbors. The United States then fought a seven year war This led to cement its independence from England. The successful fight for independence has had a remarkable impact on world history over the past 200 years. The United States gradually transformed itself from a former colony into a superpowerGreat Northern War. The impact culmination of this revolution cannot be ignoredwar was the Swedish monarch’s invasion of Russia and his subsequent defeat by Tsar Peter the Great at Poltava (1709). {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhy did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Plato Academy MAN Napoli Inv124545The_Native_Ground.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[What was PlatoHow have Historians's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtperceptions of Native Americans changed?]]====The AcademyIn 1997, Kerwin Lee Klein, among others, founded by the philosopher Plato observed that a wholesale change had occurred in the early 4th century BCEhow historians portrayed Native American history. Previously, was perhaps one historians and ethnographers had focused on “the tragedy of the earliest institutions of higher learningvanishing Indian. While it was not like a university where people would enroll and obtain advanced degrees”[1] Many Americans, it functioned as one of the first places for dedicated research into scientific and philosophical questions, at least in Europeeven those sympathetic to Native Americans, took place by gathered scholarsargued that Indians ultimately faced extinction. Its main function Even though this argument was to teach Plato's philosophical understandingundermined by the continued survival of Native Americans, but it also challenged its scholars were slow to develop a new understanding reject it. The Native American rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s emphasized the persistence of our universeNative Americans. {{Read more|What was PlatoHow have Historians's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtperceptions of Native Americans changed?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:The_Alien_and_Sedition_Acts_of_1789Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[The Alien and Sedition Acts Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of 1798: Interview with Terri Halperinthe American soldiers in the Spanish American War]]====The Alien During the Spanish Civil War, approximately 2,800 American men and Sedition Acts of 1798 were four laws that were passed by women answered the call from the predominantly Federalist Congress and signed by John Adams Communist party to strengthen defend the national security of the United StatesSpanish republic from fascist aggression. These acts not only restricted men and women served in the ability of an immigrant to become a citizenFifteenth International Brigade and formed the Abraham Lincoln, but made it easier to deport nonWashington and MacKenzie-citizens who were either deemed dangerous or were citizens of hostile countriesPapineau Battalions. Perhaps the most contentious aspect These soldiers’ stories have been controversial, because 80 percent of the new laws criminalized the printing or speaking allegedly false statements about the federal government. Not surprisingly, these laws volunteers were incredibly controversial and strongly opposed by Thomas Jefferson's opposition Democratic-Republican partyCommunists. {{Read more|The Alien and Sedition Acts Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of 1798: Interview with Terri Halperinthe American soldiers in the Spanish American War}}
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[[File:grantAmerican_Girls_in_Red_Russia.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px150px]]====[[Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil War?American Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Julia Mickenberg]]====January 1, 1863 marked a pivotal moment Julia L. Mickenberg's new book American Girls in Russia: Chasing the American Civil War. On this date Soviet Dream published by the Emancipation Proclamation, University of Chicago Press explores the preliminary history of which was issued by President Lincoln on September 22the American women who went to Russia looking for adventure, freedom, 1862revolution, took full work and permanent effect, thus changing the Union’s ultimate war goalnew life. The Civil War was no longer being fought After they moved to preserve Russia they found challenges and hardships. Many were disturbed by both the conditions of the antebellum Union but rather, in country and the words treatment of Lincoln, was to be a war of “subjugation…the [old] South” was to be destroyed in favor of “new propositions and ideaspeople by the new government.” {{Read more|Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil War?American Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Julia Mickenberg}}
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[[File:Stalingrad threeGermanHyperChart.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|250px]] ====[[Why did What Were the Causes of Germany lose the Battle 's Hyperinflation of Stalingrad1921-1923?]]====Hitler saw Among the war in terms defining features of his personal rivalry with Stalin early twentieth century Europe and he decided one of the contributing factors to attack World War II, was the city, because of its symbolic valueeconomic maelstrom known as “hyperinflation” that ravaged Germany from 1921 until 1923. However, Although the original aim short period is often overlooked in popular histories of the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure period, there is no denying the oil fields in impacts that the Caucasus. The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all his forces process had on Germany, Europe, and the conquest of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistakeworld.{{Read more|Why did What Were the Causes of Germany lose the Battle 's Hyperinflation of Stalingrad1921-1923?}}
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[[File:Samuel_Hahnemann_184132936173946 bc0836c5c5 o.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[What was the dominant medical sect When did abortion become legal in the United States during the 19th Century?]]====Nineteenth-century medicine In colonial America, abortion was dealt with in a manner according to English common law. Abortion was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regularstypically only frowned upon, Eclecticsor penalized, and Homeopaths.[1] Each of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how to treat illnesses and diseaseswhen it occurred after “quickening, but sought to portray their type of practice as ”—when a woman felt fetal movement—because it suggested that the most effective and scientificfetus had manifested into its own separate being. Arguably none of the three sects was superior Quickening could vary from women to the otherswoman, but their adherents concluded that their sectarian beliefs were better than their competitorsand sometimes as late as four months.{{Read more|What was the dominant medical sect When did abortion become legal in the United States during the 19th Century?}}
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[[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800Ancient_ziggurat.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, What Was the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyImportance of Ziggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?]]====Recently on Twitter, The people of ancient Mesopotamia practiced a debate broke out between Annette Gordon-Reed, Sam Haselby, religion that modern scholars are only just now beginning to understand and John Fea on the nature of Thomas Jefferson's religious beliefs. Instead physical focal point of recreating their religion were the debatemonumental, it made more sense to contact one of the participants, Sam Haselby, whose recent book ''The Origins of American Religious Nationalism'' (published by Oxford University Press) examines how a conflict with Protestantism, in the decades following US independence transformed American national identitytriangular structures known as ziggurats.{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, What Was the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyImportance of Ziggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?}}
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[[File:EngineeringvictoryImmigrants_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Engineering Victory during the Civil War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.Working Toward Whiteness by David Roediger]]====Logistics win wars. Logistics is David Roediger’s book <i>Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the coordination Suburbs</i> continues his provocative exploration of complex operations such as moving, housing whiteness studies by examining how southern and supplying troops and their equipment. War is eastern European immigrants became white during the ultimate test first half of any logistician. During the Civil War, the Union troops fought almost the entire war in the Southtwentieth century. Thomas F. ArmyRoediger argues that “the long, Jr. argues in his new book Engineering Victory: How Technology Won the Civil War published circuitous process by Johns Hopkins University Press that the Union's engineering prowess during Civil War gave it an distinct advantage over the Confederacywhich ‘new immigrants’ became ‘white ethnics’” matters.{{Read more|Engineering Victory during the Civil War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.Working Toward Whiteness by David Roediger}}
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[[File:Shantytown_USAMarco Polo traveling.jpgjpeg|left|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhat Is the History of Ice Cream?]]====The Harvard University Press Ice cream has been a popular treat that many see today as having developed relatively recently published Lisa Goff's new book Shantytown, USA: Forgotten Landscapes of the Working Poor. There's as ice cream usually requires a chance that one form of your American ancestors lived in an American shantytownrefrigeration. While we may not realize it nowthe modern form of ice cream is relatively more recent, shantytowns were a common feature the idea of 19th century Americaice cream has been present for millennia. Goff's book explores not only how shantytowns became a prominent feature of America's towns and citiesIce treats, but why middle class Americans which eventually turned on them and their residentsgave us ice cream, were refreshing snacks usually reserved for elites or those who can obtain ice in times of warm or hot weather. {{Read more|Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhat Is the History of Ice Cream?}}
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[[File:portraitbowieTod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Mysterious Illness What was the impact of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own DeclineSpartacus' uprising on Rome?]]====Directly or indirectlySpartacus was a Thracian and he had once fought with the Romans. According to Plutarch, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from he was enslaved by them after he had deserted. Due to his own actions. A hearty man of six feet in height, Bowie strength and military skills he was trained as a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedomgladiator. In 73BC, a generous and congenial man who called out he plotted to escape from his thunderous temper on a whimgladiatorial school, near Capua in southern Italy and a commanding leader who was prone joined in the conspiracy by up to binges of sloppy drunkenness100 other gladiators.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness What was the impact of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own DeclineSpartacus' uprising on Rome?}}
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[[File:82nd_GraveHoecke_Croesus_showing_his_treasures.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]]====[[Why did Operation Market Garden How Did Croesus Become the Wealthiest Man in 1944 failthe Ancient World?]]====Operation Market GardenAccording the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus, launched in September 1944, was an unsuccessful Allied offensive mainlywho has often been called the “father of history, fought in the Netherlands. It was ” the largest airborne operation in history up to that timeLydian King Croesus (ruled ca. The operation was a daring one and it 560-540s BC) was the brainchild of world’s wealthiest king who ruled the British General Bernard Montgomeryworld’s wealthiest kingdom. His intended When Salon, the airborne offensive legendary Athenian law giver, came to allow Lydia see the allies king’s wealth personally, Croesus immediately had his servants “take him on a tour of the royal treasuries” in order to break into “point out the German heartland richness and to end the war, quicklymagnificence of everything. ”{{Read more|Why did Operation Market Garden How Did Croesus Become the Wealthiest Man in 1944 failthe Ancient World?}}
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[[File:AlexanderTheGreat_BustOseberg_ship_-_IMG_9129.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|220px200px]] ====[[Alexander What if the Great Top Ten BooklistVikings Never Invaded England?]]====Creating a top ten list for books on Alexander the Great is not easyThe Viking, since few ancient historical figures have been written about as much. Everything from his complex personality or more accurately Danish and his sexual life Norsemen, invasions of England in the 9th century CE (865) helped lead to his military and logistical tactics have been analyzed by historianswhat ultimately would become the united country of England. AlexanderBefore 865, simply putEngland was divided into four or sometimes more countries, stands out as unique among ancient historical figures for having so much detailed assessment made on his life populated by Angles and timesSaxons (or Anglo-Saxons). {{Read more|Alexander What if the Great Top Ten BooklistVikings Never Invaded England?}}
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[[File:grant1906roome_td_yale.jpgpng|thumbnail|left|thumb|250px]]====[[Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil WarDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]====January 1In 1905, 1863 marked a pivotal moment in the American Civil Warfootball faced an crisis. On this date the Emancipation Proclamation, the preliminary of which Far to many young men were being killed while playing football and no one was issued by President Lincoln on September 22, 1862, took full and permanent effect, thus changing taking any serious actions to reduce the Union’s ultimate war goalrisks. Once The headline at the aim top of the war changed for the Union, so too did its leaders. right hand column in ''The harsh and unpopular actions that were necessary to prevent the prolonged bloody carnage of continual war were tasked to three men: Abraham LincolnChicago Sunday Tribune'' on November 26, Ulysses S. Grant1905 screamed, and William T. Sherman"Football Year's Death Harvest - Record Shows That Nineteen Players Have Been Killed; One Hundred Thirty-seven Hurt - Two Are Slain Saturday. "{{Read more|Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil WarDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?}}
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[[File:Eriduiraq4000bcPrivateering.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px150px]]====[[Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert]]====During the War 1812, US and Canadian privateers fought most of the naval battles between the United States and Great Britain. These privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by the promise of profit to fight for their countries. There was a strong legal framework in both the United States and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during the war. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investments.{{Read more|Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert}}</div>
<div class="portal">[[File:Cayleff.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px]]====[[What Factors Led to the Creation of the First Cities?Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff]]====The rise At the very end of cities in the ancient Near East during the fourth millennium BC (4000-3000 BC) is 19th Century, a key event in the history new system called naturopathy was created by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lust. Unlike many of the world, as urban patterns that first arose there became patterns inherited in many societies19th Century medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of influences including in the West. Cities in the ancient Near East were the first to develop major templesbotanics, palaceshydrotherapy, large urban dwelling areas, city walls, governmentseclecticism, temperance and religious authorities that become features seen in later citiesvegetarianism. {{Read more|What Factors Led to the Creation of the First Cities?Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff}}
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[[File:French Prisoners 1940British_Lancers.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]]====[[Why did the Battle of the Somme largely fail to achieve its objectives?]]====The Battle of the Somme or the Somme Offensive was a series of battles that occurred during the Summer and Autumn of 1916. It involved British and French forces launching a massive assault on the German lines in an effort to break the stalemate on the Western Front. The Battle was primarily a battle between the Germans and the British. The offensive achieved very little and both sides suffered heavy casualties. The British only advanced a few miles and the German lines held. The stalemate was not broken by the offensive. {{Read more|Why did the Battle of the Somme largely fail to achieve its objectives?}}</div>
<div class="portal">[[File:French_soldiers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why was France defeated in 1940?Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist]]====In September 1939, the Nazi The First World War Machine invaded Poland was an incredibly destructive and World War II beganwide ranging catastrophe. France Not only did it dramatically change the map of Europe and its Britain declared against Nazi Germany in 1939the world and it led to further instability. The French army First World War was one of the most important wars in theory as strong as the Germanys and it had a vast Empire and a sophisticated arms industryhuman history. It had also established There has long been a series of fortifications in debate about the east exact cause of the country, known as the Maginot LineFirst World War. The Line was designed to keep German forces out assassination of Francethe Archduke Ferdinand triggered the war but its ultimate causes were far more complex.{{Read more|Why did the United States and Soviet Union Reach Detente During the Cold Origins of World War?One - Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:Hodges_scoutQueen_Anne's_Lace_(25468119510).jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb200px]]====[[What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?]]====Birth is a universal experience for humanity and therefore, so is conception. This makes the issue of contraception one which stretched back into antiquity. While this topic is frequently in modern news, the historic practices of contraception and the specific methods utilized are rarely touched upon. {{Read more|What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:GW-painting.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px]]====[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, a gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. {{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:512px-Filip II Macedonia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?]]====Alexander the Great is one of the most famous men in history. However, it is generally recognized that Alexander’s achievements would have been impossible without his father, Philip II of Macedon, who reigned from 359 to 336 B.C. He is not as well-known as his son but he laid the foundations for the great Empire of Alexander.{{Read more|How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Egyptian kitchen Berlin 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px]]=====[[How did kitchens develop?]]=====Few places in a home are as important or symbolic for our social bonds than the kitchen. In almost every culture, the kitchen serves not only as the place where food is prepared, but serves as a social hub for families and friends. Humans develop deep social bonds with family and friends in their kitchen. The kitchen does not simply provide for our daily nutrition but also helps to reinforce our social character. Whether humans are cooking around a fire or chopping vegetables on a granite counter-top, they are also interacting with one another. {{Read more|How did kitchens develop?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Christiaan_Barnard_(1968).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When did the First Heart Transplant take place?]]====When Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant in 1967, it was initially seen as remarkable scientific achievement, but overtime both the medical community and the general public were forced to re-evaluate heart transplants. The medical community quickly realized that the first transplants were little more than dangerous and unpredictable experiments.{{Read more|When did the First Heart Transplant take place?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Keller.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]====Helen Keller (1880–1967) is best known for her triumph over blindness, deafness, and muteness. Rescued from the isolation of her afflictions as a young girl by the Perkins Institute for the Blind teacher Anne Sullivan, Keller learned to understand a basic form of sign language and learned to “feel” and imitate the sound of the human voice. {{Read more|Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?]]====The history of Mesothelioma is complicated. Medicine struggled to establish its existence and understand what caused it. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that forms on the "tissues that cover the lungs and abdomen." Mesothelioma is typically tied to the exposure of people to asbestos in either their environment or workplace.{{Read more|When was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Rabbbi's_Atheist_.jpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson]]====History is fickle. During the 19th Century, Ernestine Rose was one of the most important and famous international advocates for feminism, free thought and anti-slavery. She worked closely with renowned figures in this movement such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Despite her contributions to feminism, atheism, and anti-slavery, since her death she has slowly been erased from history. {{Read more|The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Skythian_archer_plate_BM_E135_by_Epiktetos.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len TraversWhen did Men Start Wearing Pants?]]====Johns Hopkins University Press has recently published Len Traver's new book Hodges' Scout: A Lost Patrol Why did humans start wearing pants? To answer this question it’s important to understand two things - first, what were the earliest forms of the French clothing and how did they evolve into pants and Indian War. Travers' book examines secondly, why did a need for pants develop? It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a group bifurcated garment for the bottom half of colonial scouts who were ambushed on a patrol in upstate New York by French and Native American soldiers during the French and Indian Warbody which covers from waist to the lower leg. Travers uses this massacre It is also helpful to explore define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the lives bottom half of the colonists who fought, died and even survived this massacrebody which covers from waist to the lower leg.{{Read more| Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len TraversWhen did Men Start Wearing Pants?}}
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[[File:American_ColossusInto_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit for my series headline photo.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|300px200px]] ====[[What Mistakes did the Allies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?]]====June 6, 1944 was arguably the most pivotal day of World War II. Operation Overlord was set to be launched and if successful, was to open a second front in Europe so as to attack Germany from all sides. Stalin’s Soviet Army had been battling the German Army since late 1942 in Stalingrad, Leningrad, and Moscow. {{Read more|What Mistakes did the Allies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?}}</div>
<div class="portal">====[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten BooklistBook Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."]]====Creating a Top Ten List for [[File:Assassins_accomplice.jpg|left|thumb|150px]]Kate Clifford Larson's book The Assassin’s Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Gilded Age/Progressive Era Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection well-researched narrative exploring the prosecution of our favoritesMary Surratt. Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issueThe Assassin’s Accomplice details the events that revolved around Mrs. In other words, several of these books are seeking Surratt in the days and weeks leading up to create a grand narrative the assassination of the era to help their readers understand itPresident Lincoln. {{Read more|Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten BooklistBook Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."}}
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====[[How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?]]====[[File:BattleCryFreedomBlack pepper (By R.Boroujerdi).jpeg||left|thumb|205px]]Visiting a restaurant in the Western world or even a home often means finding salt and black pepper as common condiments on the table used to give taste to our dishes. Salt has been native to many regions and is commonly found; however, black pepper was a far more limited plant (Piper nigrum) that natively grew in South and Southeast Asia.{{Read more|How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Almost_a_Miracle.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]====On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by the Continental Congress. This act was only the first step towards the creation of the United States. The impact of this revolution cannot be ignored. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten Booklist}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Pinkertons.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'Hara]]====In 20141850, Allan Pinkerton founded a detective agency that would grow into the New York Times published a brief interview with noted Civil War historian James McPherson, The George Henry Davis 1886 Professor of American History at Princeton UniversityPinkerton's National Detective Agency. McPherson Pinkerton's agency is considered easily the most famous and infamous security guard and detective agency in United States history. Pinkerton originally created the agency to be help railroad companies investigate their employees and catch train robbers. But over time, the dean of Civil War historians. He is best known for his Pulitzer Prize winning book Battle Cry of Freedom which is Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with the best overview of federal government and as these partnerships grew the Civil WarPinkertons' role increased dramatically.{{Read more|The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'Hara}}
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[[File:Angels_of_the_Underground_652px-First_Oil_Well.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]]====[[How did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?]]====Even though there was no one "first discover" of oil. Oil was known in antiquity when it was used to heal wounds. But by the middle of the 19th century methods for collecting oil from the ground had not changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and dramatically increased oil production around the world. {{Read more|How did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?}}</div>
<div class="portal">====[[Angels of the Underground: Interview with Theresa KaminskiGilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist]]====The Oxford University Press recently published Theresa Kaminski's Angels of the Underground[[File: The American Women who Resisted American_Colossus.jpeg|left|thumb|125px]]Creating a Top Ten List for the Japanese in Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our favorites. Creating a Top Ten List for the Philippines in World War IIGilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. Kaminski's book follows the lives These books are a selection of four American women who were stranded in the Philippines after Japan invaded during World War IIour favorites. Publishers Weekly described her book Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a "fast-paced true story" that documents how these women resisted Japanese occupationsingle issue. {{Read more| Angels of the Underground: Interview with Theresa KaminskiGilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist}}
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====[[What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?]]====
Nineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regulars, Eclectics, and Homeopaths.[1] Each of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how to treat illnesses and diseases, but sought to portray their type of practice as the most effective and scientific.{{Read more|What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?}}
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====[[Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?]]====
The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The goals of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in Europe and to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continent. {{Read more|Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?}}
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====[[History of God Top Ten Booklist]]====
The concept of God and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed in ten books. These books seek attempt to explain a complex story on how the concept of God developed in different cultures, places, and across time. The history of the idea of God is long and has its roots from prehistoric to early historic periods in the ancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient Iran, Greece, Egypt, and perhaps other regions.{{Read more|History of God Top Ten Booklist}}
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====[[How historically accurate is Braveheart?]]====
Braveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a hero in the Scottish rebellions against the English in the late 13th and early 14th century. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, to some, represent an early, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself and his people. While much of the story depicted did occur, including the English occupation of Scotland during the time of Edward I, king of England, the depiction of the revolt against the English and other events do not correspond well to historical accounts.{{Read more|How historically accurate is Braveheart?}}
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====[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]====
Bill Mauldin once said that the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company, 180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of Sicily and the Allied campaign up the boot of Italy. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers of the “brass” all the way up to General George Patton.{{Read more|What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Florence_Cathedral.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?]]==Articles==Here are some The Italian Renaissance was one of our the most recently created exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the arts, literature, philosophy, architecture and edited articlespolitics. Many of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphael.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descendingRead more|count=8Why did the Italian Renaissance End?}}
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====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist]]====
A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the battles of the American Civil War. The books on this list explore the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and many others. Take a look at our list. {{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Stalingrad three.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]] ====[[Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?]]==Interviews==These are our interviews Hitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with historians discussing their new booksStalin and he decided to attack the city, because of its symbolic value. However, the original aim of the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in the Caucasus. The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistake.{{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descendingRead more|count=7Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:portraitbowie.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?]]====Directly or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actions. A hearty man of six feet in height, Bowie was a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedom, a generous and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a whim, and a commanding leader who was prone to binges of sloppy drunkenness.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Religion===={{#dpl:category=Religious History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Ancient Greek History===={{#dpl:category=Ancient Greek History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====American Civil War===={{#dpl:category=Civil War|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====19th Century History===={{#dpl:category=19th Century History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Renaissance History===={{#dpl:category=Renaissance History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Early US Republic====*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri Halperin]]*[[Fate of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri Glover]]*[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Sports History====*[[Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]*[[How did modern boxing emerge?]]*[[How did the game of golf emerge?]]*[[How did the marathon emerge?]]*[[How did the modern tennis emerge?]]*[[Who integrated the NBA?]]*[[How did hunting become a symbol of the aristocracy/royalty]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Legal History====*[[American Legal History Top Ten Booklist]]*[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony Gregory]]*[[How did the Sharia Law develop?]]*[[How has the Roman Lex Mercatoria evolved to play a role in modern International Trade and Commerce Codification?]]*[[How does The Magna Carta influence the Modern Perceptions of Civil Rights?]]*[[How has ancient Rome influenced European law?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War I===={{#dpl:category=World War One History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====European Interwar Political History====*[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]*[[How Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union]]*[[How did Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy?]]*[[Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynski]]*[[The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact- Stalin’s greatest mistake?]]*[[The Nazi triumph: how did Adolf Hitler become the Fuehrer of Germany?]]*[[Why did the the Weimar Republic Collapse?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War Two===={{#dpl:category=World War Two History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====British History===={{#dpl:category=British History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div><div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Roman History===={{#dpl:category=Roman History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Historically Accurate===={{#dpl:category=Historically Accurate|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Interviews===={{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Booklists===={{#dpl:category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Articles====Here are some of our most recently created and edited articles.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">
==Booklists==Book Reviews====Includes Here are some of our most recent Expert and User created Top Ten History Booklistsbook reviews.{{#dpl:category=BooklistsBook Review|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=158}}
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==Blog Roll==Great History Sites====
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