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__NOTOC__<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Spartacus - 1960 - poster.png|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?]]====The historical epic Spartacus (1960) is one of the best-known movies in cinema history. It caused a sensation on its release and was one of the most successful pictures of the 1960s. The movie was not only a commercial success it was a critical success and it received several Academy Awards. Spartacus was directed by the cinematic genius Stanley Kubrick. {{MediawikiRead more|How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:kindleoasis90%">[[File:Last_Kingdom_2.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?]]====Season 2 is divided into two novels from the Saxon Tales series written by Bernard Cornwell, namely books 3 and 4 (Season 1 was books 1-2). The novels span roughly between 878-886 (Figure 1). The main focus for Season 2 in the first four episodes is Uhtred's quest to go north from Wessex into Northumbria, a less tamed area of England that is ruled more by Danes but their hold is somewhat less clear. Uhtred seeks his ancestral home in Bebbanburg (Bamburgh Castle) and also wants revenge against Kjartan, who killed is adopted Danish father. {{Read more|How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Confederate_monument_Elmira_NY.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Why are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?]]====As one travels across the southern United States, it is not unusual to find monuments and memorials to the Confederate dead in many small towns. In fact, these sculptural pieces, often composed of the same statues and plinths from the Monumental Bronze Co. of Bridgeport, Conn., can be found as far north as Pennsylvania and New York. A study in 2016 found some 1,500 monuments still standing. While in recent years these monuments have become a new source of political conversation their very erection was a movement by Confederate women. {{Read more|Why are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:16307509620 d1ab80ba6b.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What was lynching?]]====Lynching is often described as a form of extralegal, vigilante violence or justice; however, its meaning has evolved over time—from the tarring and feathering of individuals in the Colonial period to the lethal, racial violence that proliferated in the South. According to Digital History, "Lynching received its name from Judge Charles Lynch, a Virginia farmer who punished outlaws and Tories with "rough" justice during the American Revolution." The United States has a long history of vigilance committees whose purposes were to protect the community. According to Linda Gordon, “vigilantism generally means bypassing the legal procedures of the state and substituting direct, usually punitive and coercive action by self-appointed groups of citizens".{{Read more|What was lynching?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?]]====There is a common misconception today that life in ancient Egypt was a dreary one for anyone not in the nobility. This image is probably at least partially derived from pop culture where scenes are common in movies that depict Egyptian peasants being worked to the death to make tombs and temples for their gods and kings. The reality is that although the ancient Egyptian social system was quite different from that of the modern world, and they had few of today’s modern conveniences, Egyptians from all social classes enjoyed a leisure culture that was not much different than today’s. {{Read more|What Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Plato Academy MAN Napoli Inv124545L'aquarium; vue intérieure.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?]]====The Academy, founded by the philosopher Plato Large public aquariums have become fixtures in the early 4th century BCE, was perhaps one of the earliest institutions of higher learningmost major urban regions. While it was not like a university where people would enroll and obtain advanced degreesIn some places, it functioned as one of they have become among the first places leading attractions for dedicated research city tourism, where many aquariums have also expanded into scientific conservation efforts and philosophical questionsapplied research along with being tourist destinations. The history of such aquariums is not completely modern, at least although the form in Europe, took place by gathered scholars. Its main function was to teach Plato's philosophical understanding, but it also challenged its scholars to develop which we know aquariums today is mostly a new understanding of our universerecent development. {{Read more|What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:The_Alien_and_Sedition_Acts_of_1789Karl XII i Ystad 1715, målning av Johan Heinrich Wedekindt från 1719.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[The Alien and Sedition Acts Why did Charles XII of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinSweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?]]====The Alien failed invasion of Russia by Hitler and Sedition Acts Napoleon are well known. Less well-known is invasion of 1798 were four laws that were passed Russia by the predominantly Federalist Congress Swedes under their most famous king, Charles XII. Sweden in 1700 was the greatest Northern European power and signed by John Adams to strengthen this provoked the national security jealousy of its neighbors. This led to the United StatesGreat Northern War. These acts not only restricted the ability of an immigrant to become a citizen, but made it easier to deport non-citizens who were either deemed dangerous or were citizens The culmination of hostile countries. Perhaps this war was the most contentious aspect Swedish monarch’s invasion of the new laws criminalized the printing or speaking allegedly false statements about the federal government. Not surprisingly, these laws were incredibly controversial Russia and strongly opposed his subsequent defeat by Thomas Jefferson's opposition Democratic-Republican partyTsar Peter the Great at Poltava (1709).{{Read more|The Alien and Sedition Acts Why did Charles XII of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinSweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800The_Native_Ground.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyHow have Historians's perceptions of Native Americans changed?]]====Recently on TwitterIn 1997, Kerwin Lee Klein, among others, observed that a debate broke out between Annette Gordon-Reed, Sam Haselbywholesale change had occurred in how historians portrayed Native American history. Previously, historians and John Fea ethnographers had focused on “the tragedy of the nature of Thomas Jefferson's religious beliefsvanishing Indian.”[1] Many Americans, even those sympathetic to Native Americans, argued that Indians ultimately faced extinction. Instead Even though this argument was undermined by the continued survival of recreating the debateNative Americans, scholars were slow to reject it made more sense to contact one . The Native American rights movement of the participants, Sam Haselby, whose recent book '1960s and 1970s emphasized the persistence of Native Americans. {{Read more|How have Historians's perceptions of Native Americans changed?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[The Origins Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the Spanish American Religious Nationalism'' (published by Oxford University Press) examines how a conflict with ProtestantismWar]]====During the Spanish Civil War, approximately 2, 800 American men and women answered the call from the Communist party to defend the Spanish republic from fascist aggression. These men and women served in the decades following US independence transformed American national identityFifteenth International Brigade and formed the Abraham Lincoln, Washington and MacKenzie-Papineau Battalions. These soldiers’ stories have been controversial, because 80 percent of these volunteers were Communists. {{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbySpanish American War}}
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[[File:EngineeringvictoryAmerican_Girls_in_Red_Russia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Engineering Victory during the Civil WarAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.Julia Mickenberg]]====Logistics win warsJulia L. Logistics is Mickenberg's new book American Girls in Russia: Chasing the Soviet Dream published by the coordination University of complex operations such as movingChicago Press explores the history of the American women who went to Russia looking for adventure, housing freedom, revolution, work and supplying troops new life. After they moved to Russia they found challenges and their equipmenthardships. War is Many were disturbed by both the ultimate test conditions of any logistician. During the Civil War, country and the Union troops fought almost treatment of people by the entire war in the South. Thomas F. Army, Jr. argues in his new book Engineering Victory: How Technology Won the Civil War published by Johns Hopkins University Press that the Union's engineering prowess during Civil War gave it an distinct advantage over the Confederacygovernment. {{Read more|Engineering Victory during the Civil WarAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.Julia Mickenberg}}
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[[File:Shantytown_USAGermanHyperChart.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhat Were the Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?]]====The Harvard University Press recently published Lisa Goff's new book Shantytown, USA: Forgotten Landscapes Among the defining features of the Working Poor. There's a chance that early twentieth century Europe and one of your American ancestors lived in an American shantytown. While we may not realize it nowthe contributing factors to World War II, shantytowns were a common feature of 19th century Americawas the economic maelstrom known as “hyperinflation” that ravaged Germany from 1921 until 1923. Goff's book explores not only how shantytowns became a prominent feature Although the short period is often overlooked in popular histories of America's towns and citiesthe period, but why middle class Americans eventually turned there is no denying the impacts that the process had on them Germany, Europe, and their residentsthe world. {{Read more|Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhat Were the Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?}}
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[[File:portraitbowie32936173946 bc0836c5c5 o.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own DeclineWhen did abortion become legal in the United States?]]====Directly or indirectlyIn colonial America, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actionsabortion was dealt with in a manner according to English common law. A hearty man of six feet in heightAbortion was typically only frowned upon, or penalized, Bowie was a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedomwhen it occurred after “quickening, ”—when a generous and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a whimwoman felt fetal movement—because it suggested that the fetus had manifested into its own separate being. Quickening could vary from women to woman, and a commanding leader who was prone to binges of sloppy drunkennesssometimes as late as four months.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own DeclineWhen did abortion become legal in the United States?}}
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[[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S62600,_Adolf_HitlerAncient_ziggurat.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|150px]]====[[The Nazi triumph: how did Adolf Hitler become What Was the Fuehrer Importance of GermanyZiggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?]]====With the death of German President Paul von Hindenburg, Chancellor Adolf Hitler became absolute dictator of Germany under the title Fuehrer or “Leader”. The German army took an oath people of allegiance ancient Mesopotamia practiced a religion that modern scholars are only just now beginning to its new commander-in-chief, understand and the last remnants physical focal point of Germany’s democratic government their religion were dismantled to make way for Hitler’s Third Reichthe monumental, triangular structures known as ziggurats. {{Read more|The Nazi triumph: how did Adolf Hitler become What Was the Fuehrer Importance of GermanyZiggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?}}
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[[File:Mithra sacrifiant le Taureau-005Immigrants_Ellis.JPGjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|250px200px]]====[[Why was the worship of Mithra so popular?Working Toward Whiteness by David Roediger]]====Today David Roediger’s book <i>Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the god Mithra or Mithras is not recognized Suburbs</i> continues his provocative exploration of whiteness studies by many in the West. However, in examining how southern and eastern European immigrants became white during the early centuries first half of Christianity, one can argue the worship of Mithras rivaled the Christian religiontwentieth century. If Christianity had failed to plant itself in EuropeRoediger argues that “the long, then it may have been possible for Mithraism to become a lasting and significant religion in Asia and Europecircuitous process by which ‘new immigrants’ became ‘white ethnics’” matters. {{Read more|Why was the worship of Mithra so popular?Working Toward Whiteness by David Roediger}}
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[[File:Wc0107-04780rMarco Polo traveling.jpg|jpeg|left|thumbthumbnail|200px]] ====[[How did Winston Churchill become Prime Minister What Is the History of the United Kingdom in World War TwoIce Cream?]]====Winston Churchill led Ice cream has been a remarkable lifepopular treat that many see today as having developed relatively recently, but perhaps as ice cream usually requires a form of refrigeration. While the most remarkable element in his life was how he became prime minister in 1940modern form of ice cream is relatively more recent, the idea of ice cream has been present for millennia. Just a few years earlier he was widely seen as politically isolated and was widely ridiculed Ice treats, which eventually gave us ice cream, were refreshing snacks usually reserved for his views. Yet elites or those who can obtain ice in 1940, he was appointed his nation’s Prime Minister at its darkest hours and became the leader times of the fight against Nazi Germanywarm or hot weather. {{Read more|How did Winston Churchill become Prime Minister What Is the History of the United Kingdom in World War TwoIce Cream?}}
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[[File:Eriduiraq4000bcTod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]]====[[What was the impact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome? ]]====Spartacus was a Thracian and he had once fought with the Romans. According to Plutarch, he was enslaved by them after he had deserted. Due to his strength and military skills he was trained as a gladiator. In 73BC, he plotted to escape from his gladiatorial school, near Capua in southern Italy and was joined in the conspiracy by up to 100 other gladiators.{{Read more|What was the impact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?}}</div>
<div class="portal">[[File:Hoecke_Croesus_showing_his_treasures.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What Factors Led to How Did Croesus Become the Creation of Wealthiest Man in the First CitiesAncient World?]]====The rise According the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus, who has often been called the “father of cities in history,” the ancient Near East during the fourth millennium BC Lydian King Croesus (4000ruled ca. 560-3000 540s BC) is a key event in was the world’s wealthiest king who ruled the history of world’s wealthiest kingdom. When Salon, the worldlegendary Athenian law giver, as urban patterns that first arose there became patterns inherited in many societiescame to Lydia see the king’s wealth personally, including in Croesus immediately had his servants “take him on a tour of the West. Cities royal treasuries” in order to “point out the ancient Near East were the first to develop major temples, palaces, large urban dwelling areas, city walls, governments, richness and religious authorities that become features seen in later citiesmagnificence of everything. ”{{Read more|What Factors Led to How Did Croesus Become the Creation of Wealthiest Man in the First CitiesAncient World?}}
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====[[Why was France defeated in 1940What if the Vikings Never Invaded England?]]====In September 1939The Viking, the Nazi War Machine invaded Poland or more accurately Danish and World War II began. France and its Britain declared against Nazi Germany in 1939. The French army was in theory as strong as the Germanys and it had a vast Empire and a sophisticated arms industry. It had also established a series Norsemen, invasions of fortifications England in the east of 9th century CE (865) helped lead to what ultimately would become the united countryof England. Before 865, known as the Maginot Line. The Line England was designed to keep German forces out of Francedivided into four or sometimes more countries, populated by Angles and Saxons (or Anglo-Saxons).{{Read more|Why did the United States and Soviet Union Reach Detente During What if the Cold WarVikings Never Invaded England?}}
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[[File:Hodges_scout1906roome_td_yale.jpgpng|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px250px]]====[[Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]====In 1905, American football faced an crisis. Far to many young men were being killed while playing football and no one was taking any serious actions to reduce the risks. The headline at the top of the right hand column in ''The Chicago Sunday Tribune'' on November 26, 1905 screamed, "Football Year's Death Harvest - Record Shows That Nineteen Players Have Been Killed; One Hundred Thirty-seven Hurt - Two Are Slain Saturday."{{Read more|Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?}}</div>
<div class="portal">[[File:Privateering.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px]]====[[Hodges' ScoutPrivateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Len TraversFaye M. Kert]]====Johns Hopkins University Press has recently published Len Traver's new book Hodges' Scout: A Lost Patrol During the War 1812, US and Canadian privateers fought most of the French naval battles between the United States and Indian WarGreat Britain. Travers' book examines a group These privateers were comprised of colonial scouts captains who were ambushed on motivated by the promise of profit to fight for their countries. There was a patrol strong legal framework in upstate New York by French both the United States and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and Native American soldiers ship owners and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during the French and Indian Warwar. Travers uses this massacre Needless to explore the lives of the colonists who foughtsay, died and even survived this massacreprivateers were incredibly risky investments.{{Read more| Hodges' ScoutPrivateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Len TraversFaye M. Kert}}
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[[File:Angels_of_the_Underground_Cayleff.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px150px]]====[[Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff]]====At the very end of the 19th Century, a new system called naturopathy was created by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lust. Unlike many of the 19th Century medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of influences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, temperance and vegetarianism. {{Read more|Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff}}</div>
<div class="portal">[[File:British_Lancers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Angels Why did the Battle of the Underground: Interview with Theresa KaminskiSomme largely fail to achieve its objectives?]]====The Oxford University Press recently published Theresa Kaminski's Angels Battle of the Somme or the Somme Offensive was a series of battles that occurred during the Underground: The American Women who Resisted Summer and Autumn of 1916. It involved British and French forces launching a massive assault on the Japanese German lines in an effort to break the stalemate on the Philippines in World War IIWestern Front. Kaminski's book follows The Battle was primarily a battle between the lives of four American women who were stranded in Germans and the Philippines after Japan invaded during World War IIBritish. The offensive achieved very little and both sides suffered heavy casualties. Publishers Weekly described her book as The British only advanced a "fast-paced true story" that documents how these women resisted Japanese occupationfew miles and the German lines held. The stalemate was not broken by the offensive. {{Read more| Angels Why did the Battle of the Underground: Interview with Theresa KaminskiSomme largely fail to achieve its objectives?}}
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====[[Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist]]====
The First World War was an incredibly destructive and wide ranging catastrophe. Not only did it dramatically change the map of Europe and the world and it led to further instability. The First World War was one of the most important wars in human history. There has long been a debate about the exact cause of the First World War. The assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand triggered the war but its ultimate causes were far more complex. {{Read more|Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:Queen_Anne's_Lace_(25468119510).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?]]==Articles==Here Birth is a universal experience for humanity and therefore, so is conception. This makes the issue of contraception one which stretched back into antiquity. While this topic is frequently in modern news, the historic practices of contraception and the specific methods utilized are some rarely touched upon. {{Read more|What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:GW-painting.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px]]====[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, a gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. {{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:512px-Filip II Macedonia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?]]====Alexander the Great is one of the most famous men in history. However, it is generally recognized that Alexander’s achievements would have been impossible without his father, Philip II of Macedon, who reigned from 359 to 336 B.C. He is not as well-known as his son but he laid the foundations for the great Empire of Alexander.{{Read more|How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Egyptian kitchen Berlin 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px]]=====[[How did kitchens develop?]]=====Few places in a home are as important or symbolic for our social bonds than the kitchen. In almost every culture, the kitchen serves not only as the place where food is prepared, but serves as a social hub for families and friends. Humans develop deep social bonds with family and friends in their kitchen. The kitchen does not simply provide for our most recently created daily nutrition but also helps to reinforce our social character. Whether humans are cooking around a fire or chopping vegetables on a granite counter-top, they are also interacting with one another. {{Read more|How did kitchens develop?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Christiaan_Barnard_(1968).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When did the First Heart Transplant take place?]]====When Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant in 1967, it was initially seen as remarkable scientific achievement, but overtime both the medical community and the general public were forced to re-evaluate heart transplants. The medical community quickly realized that the first transplants were little more than dangerous and unpredictable experiments.{{Read more|When did the First Heart Transplant take place?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Keller.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]====Helen Keller (1880–1967) is best known for her triumph over blindness, deafness, and muteness. Rescued from the isolation of her afflictions as a young girl by the Perkins Institute for the Blind teacher Anne Sullivan, Keller learned to understand a basic form of sign language and learned to “feel” and edited articlesimitate the sound of the human voice. {{Read more|Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?]]====The history of Mesothelioma is complicated. Medicine struggled to establish its existence and understand what caused it. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that forms on the "tissues that cover the lungs and abdomen." Mesothelioma is typically tied to the exposure of people to asbestos in either their environment or workplace.{{#dplRead more|When was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:categoryRabbbi's_Atheist_.jpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]] =Wikis===[[The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson]]====History is fickle. During the 19th Century, Ernestine Rose was one of the most important and famous international advocates for feminism, free thought and anti-slavery. She worked closely with renowned figures in this movement such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Despite her contributions to feminism, atheism, and anti-slavery, since her death she has slowly been erased from history. {{Read more|ordermethodThe Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson}}</div> <div class=firstedit"portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Skythian_archer_plate_BM_E135_by_Epiktetos.jpg|orderthumbnail|200px|left]]====[[When did Men Start Wearing Pants?]]====Why did humans start wearing pants? To answer this question it’s important to understand two things - first, what were the earliest forms of clothing and how did they evolve into pants and secondly, why did a need for pants develop? It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the body which covers from waist to the lower leg. It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the body which covers from waist to the lower leg. {{Read more|When did Men Start Wearing Pants?}}</div> <div class=descending"portal">[[File:Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit for my series headline photo.jpg|countthumbnail|left|200px]] =7===[[What Mistakes did the Allies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?]]====June 6, 1944 was arguably the most pivotal day of World War II. Operation Overlord was set to be launched and if successful, was to open a second front in Europe so as to attack Germany from all sides. Stalin’s Soviet Army had been battling the German Army since late 1942 in Stalingrad, Leningrad, and Moscow. {{Read more|What Mistakes did the Allies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?}}</div> <div class="portal">====[[Book Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."]]====[[File:Assassins_accomplice.jpg|left|thumb|150px]]Kate Clifford Larson's book The Assassin’s Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln is a well-researched narrative exploring the prosecution of Mary Surratt. The Assassin’s Accomplice details the events that revolved around Mrs. Surratt in the days and weeks leading up to the assassination of President Lincoln.{{Read more|Book Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."}}
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====[[How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?]]====
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Visiting a restaurant in the Western world or even a home often means finding salt and black pepper as common condiments on the table used to give taste to our dishes. Salt has been native to many regions and is commonly found; however, black pepper was a far more limited plant (Piper nigrum) that natively grew in South and Southeast Asia.{{Read more|How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?}}
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<div class="portal" >[[File:Almost_a_Miracle.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]==Interviews==These are our interviews with historians discussing their new booksOn July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by the Continental Congress. This act was only the first step towards the creation of the United States. The impact of this revolution cannot be ignored.{{#dplRead more|American Revolution Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:categoryPinkertons.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Inventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'Hara]]==Interviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descendingIn 1850, Allan Pinkerton founded a detective agency that would grow into the Pinkerton's National Detective Agency. Pinkerton's agency is easily the most famous and infamous security guard and detective agency in United States history. Pinkerton originally created the agency to help railroad companies investigate their employees and catch train robbers. But over time, the Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with the federal government and as these partnerships grew the Pinkertons' role increased dramatically. {{Read more|count=7Inventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'Hara}}
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====[[How did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?]]====
Even though there was no one "first discover" of oil. Oil was known in antiquity when it was used to heal wounds. But by the middle of the 19th century methods for collecting oil from the ground had not changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and dramatically increased oil production around the world. {{Read more|How did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?}}
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<div class="portal">====[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist]]==Booklists==Includes [[File:American_Colossus.jpeg|left|thumb|125px]]Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our most recent Expert and User created favorites. Creating a Top Ten History BooklistsList for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our favorites. Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issue.{{#dpl:category=BooklistsRead more|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=7Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist}}
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====[[What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?]]====
Nineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regulars, Eclectics, and Homeopaths.[1] Each of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how to treat illnesses and diseases, but sought to portray their type of practice as the most effective and scientific.{{Read more|What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]]====[[Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?]]====The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The goals of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in Europe and to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continent. {{Read more|Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[History of God Top Ten Booklist]]====The concept of God and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed in ten books. These books seek attempt to explain a complex story on how the concept of God developed in different cultures, places, and across time. The history of the idea of God is long and has its roots from prehistoric to early historic periods in the ancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient Iran, Greece, Egypt, and perhaps other regions.{{Read more|History of God Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:William-wallace-monument-1256291 1280.jpeg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is Braveheart?]]====Braveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a hero in the Scottish rebellions against the English in the late 13th and early 14th century. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, to some, represent an early, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself and his people. While much of the story depicted did occur, including the English occupation of Scotland during the time of Edward I, king of England, the depiction of the revolt against the English and other events do not correspond well to historical accounts.{{Read more|How historically accurate is Braveheart?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File: Drysocks.JPG |thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]====Bill Mauldin once said that the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company, 180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of Sicily and the Allied campaign up the boot of Italy. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers of the “brass” all the way up to General George Patton.{{Read more|What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Florence_Cathedral.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?]]====The Italian Renaissance was one of the most exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the arts, literature, philosophy, architecture and politics. Many of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphael.{{Read more|Why did the Italian Renaissance End?}}</div> <div class="portal">[[File:Gettysburg.jpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist]]====A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the battles of the American Civil War. The books on this list explore the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and many others. Take a look at our list. {{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Stalingrad three.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]] ====[[Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?]]====Hitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, because of its symbolic value. However, the original aim of the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in the Caucasus. The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistake.{{Read more|Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:portraitbowie.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?]]====Directly or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actions. A hearty man of six feet in height, Bowie was a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedom, a generous and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a whim, and a commanding leader who was prone to binges of sloppy drunkenness.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Religion===={{#dpl:category=Religious History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Ancient Greek History===={{#dpl:category=Ancient Greek History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====American Civil War===={{#dpl:category=Civil War|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====19th Century History===={{#dpl:category=19th Century History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Renaissance History===={{#dpl:category=Renaissance History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Early US Republic====*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri Halperin]]*[[Fate of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri Glover]]*[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Sports History====*[[Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]*[[How did modern boxing emerge?]]*[[How did the game of golf emerge?]]*[[How did the marathon emerge?]]*[[How did the modern tennis emerge?]]*[[Who integrated the NBA?]]*[[How did hunting become a symbol of the aristocracy/royalty]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Legal History====*[[American Legal History Top Ten Booklist]]*[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony Gregory]]*[[How did the Sharia Law develop?]]*[[How has the Roman Lex Mercatoria evolved to play a role in modern International Trade and Commerce Codification?]]*[[How does The Magna Carta influence the Modern Perceptions of Civil Rights?]]*[[How has ancient Rome influenced European law?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War I===={{#dpl:category=World War One History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====European Interwar Political History====*[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]*[[How Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union]]*[[How did Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy?]]*[[Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynski]]*[[The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact- Stalin’s greatest mistake?]]*[[The Nazi triumph: how did Adolf Hitler become the Fuehrer of Germany?]]*[[Why did the the Weimar Republic Collapse?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War Two===={{#dpl:category=World War Two History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====British History===={{#dpl:category=British History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div><div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Roman History===={{#dpl:category=Roman History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Historically Accurate===={{#dpl:category=Historically Accurate|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Interviews===={{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Booklists===={{#dpl:category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Articles====Here are some of our most recently created and edited articles.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Book Reviews====Here are some of our most recent book reviews.{{#dpl:category=Book Review|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Great History Sites==Blog Roll==
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