==Teheran __NOTOC__[[File: Yalta Conference 1945 Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px|Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill in 1945]]What were the goals Stalin and Yalta Conferences: Iron will the Soviet Union in the aftermath of Stalin the Second World War? The Soviet Supreme leader was an incredibly ambitious man and hoped to expand the Soviet dictator’s agenda for post-war USSR zone Empire, after the defeat of influence the Third Reich and interest==the Empire of Japan. Stalin skillfully started sought to jostle for post-war position with achieve four specific objectives. After the other allied countries against NAZI Germany. Between November 28 and December 1, 1943calamnity of World War Two, Stalin took part in he wanted ensure the so-called Tehran Conference. The chief discussion security of the meetingSoviet Union, held by the US President Franklin Rooseveltexpand of Communism beyond the Soviet Union, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill secure his position in world affairs and Stalin, centered on the opening create of a “second front” Soviet empire. As he set out to secure each of these goals in Western Europethe wake of World War two, he laid the foundations for the Cold War.
====Securing Soviet borders at Tehran Conference====[[File: Stalin Joseph.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|Stalin in 1945]]Stalin skillfully started to jostle for his regime's post-war position, while he and the western allies were engaged in an all-out war with Germany. Between November 28 and December 1, 1943, Stalin took part in the Tehran Conference. The chief discussion of the meeting, held by the US President Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Stalin, centered on the opening of a “second front” in Western Europe. Stalin agreed to conduct an eastern offensive operations to coincide with the forthcoming Western Front, and in return , he asked the western leaders to proceed with formal preparations for their long-promised invasion and regaining of German-occupied France. Stalin also insisted on retaining the territories provided by the German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact of 1939 and additionally requested the Baltic coast of East Prussia as a compensation for the USSR’s enormous role and great a greater number of casualties. <ref>Teheran Conference - http://www.britannica.com/event/Tehran-Conference</ref> In implementation of the Tehran Conference decision, in May 1944 joint Britain and US troops launched an invasion of France, opening the so-called “second front” in the West. Their actions allowed the Soviet Union to make significant advances across Eastern Europe toward Germany. The end of the war was near and it was time for another meeting of the Allies.|Yalta Conference took place in February, 1945. This was the second wartime meeting of the “Big Three” the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and US President Franklin Roosevelt). Each brought his own agenda to the Yalta Conference. The British wanted to maintain their empire, the Soviets wished to secure and obtain more land and secure positions in their new zones of influence and interests, and the US wanted to insure the Soviet’s entry into the Pacific war and discuss postwar settlement. From the very opening, Stalin made it clear that his demands regarding Poland were not negotiable: the Soviets were to gain “their territory” from the eastern portion of Poland and Poland was to compensate for that by extending its Western boarders, thereby forcing out millions of Germans. Negotiators even signed a declaration forcing the Polish to provide inclusion of Soviet Communists in their postwar national government.
MoreoverThe western allies, Roosevelt main goal was especially Churchill, did not like what Stalin proposed and saw it as opportunistic. However, they reluctantly agreed to obtain a commitment from Stalin 's demands as they needed to participate in keep the United Nations alliance strong in order to secure future peace and alliancedecisively defeat the Third Reich. <ref>Roberts, Geoffrey, <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0300112041/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0300112041&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=9b12c40f73ceb88f68fa490cbc8bc9ae Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953]</i>. (Yale University Press, Yale, 2006), p. As for 156</ref> In accordance with decisions taken at the other Eastern European countriesTehran Conference, the Americans in May 1944 joint Britain and US troops launched an invasion of France, opening the British generally agreed that so-called “second front” in the future governments of the nations bordering West. Their actions allowed the Soviet Union should be “friendly” to the Soviet regime as long as the Soviets pledged to allow free elections in all territories liberated from Nazi make significant advances across Eastern Europe toward Germany. UnfortunatelyIn particular, neither Poland, nor any other Eastern European country they advanced upon the territories that they had lost during the opportunity German invasion. The end of holding free elections the war was near and the changing geopolitical situation, especially in Europe meant that it was time for another meeting of the next almost 50 yearsAllies. <ref> Roberts, p. 145</ref>
====Cement territorial and political gains at Yalta====[[File: Yalta 1.jpg|thumbnail|300px|left|Soviet soldiers in Berlin in 1945]]The Yalta Conference took place in February 1945. This was the second wartime meeting of the “Big Three” the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, and US President Franklin Roosevelt). Each brought his own agenda to the Yalta Conference. The British wanted to maintain their empire, the Soviets wished to secure and obtain more land and secure positions in their new zones of influence and interests, and the US wanted to ensure the Soviet’s entry into the Pacific war and discuss postwar settlement.<ref> Geoffery Roberts, "Stalin at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam Conferences," <i>Journal of Cold War Studies</i> 9:4 (Fall 2007): 6-40</ref> From the very opening, Stalin made it clear that his demands regarding Poland were not negotiable: the Soviets were to gain “their territory” from the eastern portion of Poland. Poland was to compensate for that by extending its Western borders, thereby forcing out millions of Germans. Negotiators even signed a declaration forcing the Polish to provide inclusion of Soviet Communists in their postwar national government.<ref>Roberts, p. 245 </ref> Moreover, Roosevelt main goal was to obtain a commitment from Stalin to participate in the United Nations in order to secure future peace and alliance. As for the other Eastern European countries, the Americans and the British generally agreed that the future governments of the nations bordering the Soviet Union should be “friendly” to the Soviet regime as long as the Soviets pledged to allow free elections in all territories liberated from Germany.<ref> Roberts, p. 37</ref> Unfortunately, neither Poland nor any other Eastern European country had the opportunity of holding free elections for the next almost 50 years.<ref>Yalta Conference - http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/yalta-conference</ref> Furthermore, the Big Three agreed to require Germany’s unconditional surrender and ratified their agreements regarding NAZI Germany 's postwar division: there were to be four zones of occupation, one zone for each of the three dominant nations plus one zone for France. Berlin itself, although within the Soviet zone, would also be divided into four sectors, and would eventually become a major symbol of the Cold War socialists-capitalists separation due to the infamous Berlin Wall, which was constructed and maintained by the Soviets.
The Soviets led by Stalin were keen on regaining lost territories and Yalta Conference was their best chance to do that. As a result , Stalin even agreed to enter the Pacific war against Japan in exchange for more territories granted, including portions of Sakhalin, Port Arthur, Manchurian railroads and the Kurile Islands. <ref> Roberts,p 38</ref> However, already in poor health, President Roosevelt failed to acknowledge Stalin’s true objectives. Roosevelt readily met Stalin’s conditions, since the Soviets eventually agreed to join the United Nations and Pacific war. The two leaders even secretly negotiated a voting formula with a veto power granted solely to the permanent members in on the UN Security Council, providing themselves with more control in the world affairs and greatly weakening the UN power in the oncoming disputes. Overall, Roosevelt and the other Allies felt confident that Yalta had been successful. Nevertheless, the true Conference winner was once again Joseph Stalin. <ref>Plokhii, Serhii. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0670021415/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0670021415&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=395fe063e5a59ca43bf5fc51b1cf3924 Yalta: The Price of Peace]</i>. New York, NY: Viking Press, NY, 2010), p. 145</ref> ====Post war doctrines, conference reactions and consequences==== [[File:Soviet_Prime_Minister_Josef_Stalin,_President_Harry_S._Truman,_and_British_Prime_Minister_Winston_Churchill_pose_for..._-_NARA_-_198797.jpg|thumbnail|left|275px|Stalin, Truman, and Churchill at Potsdam Conference in 1945]]Although the initial reaction to the Yalta agreements was celebratory, it was also very short lived. In 1945, the administration of the new US president Harry Truman clashed with the Soviets over their influence in Eastern Europe, and over the United Nations. Many Americans began to criticize Roosevelt’s handling of the Yalta negotiations due to the following lack of Soviet cooperation and even giving Eastern Europe and Northeast Asia away to the Soviet Union.<ref> Plokhii, p. 119</ref> Numerous Central European nations also regard the Conference in Yalta as the “Great Western betrayal” since it allowed the USSR to intervene freely in their domestic affairs, abandoning democratic policies and turning them into Soviet satellites. Yalta effectively allowed the USSR to install Communist regimes in Central Europe with impunity. At the Yalta conference, the Big Three “attempted to sacrifice freedom for the sake of stability”, and many believe the decisions and concessions of Roosevelt and Churchill during the summit led to the following power struggle during the Cold War. Nevertheless, Stalin essentially got everything he wanted: a significant territorial sphere of influence and interest as a buffer zone. The German invasion in, the USSR and pressing back to victory in the East required a tremendous sacrifice by the Soviet Union. And Stalin skillfully used that during the wartime conferences in pursuit of his postwar Soviet empire expansion. Soviet military casualties totaled approximately 35 million with over 15 million killed, missing or captured. One in four Soviets was killed or wounded. More than 1,700 towns and 70,000 villages were destroyed and the Soviet civilian death toll reached over 25 million.<ref> Conquest, p. 234</ref> Thereafter, Stalin was often referred to as one of the most influential men in human history. Although Stalin was responsible for the deaths of over 20 million people during his brutal rule, he was even nominated for Nobel Peace Prize twice – in 1945 and 1948.<ref>Montefiore, p. 117</ref> He continued to prosecute a reign of terror, purges, executions, exiles to labor camps and persecution in the postwar USSR, suppressing all dissent and anything that represented foreign–especially Western–influence. One of the key aims of Stalin, before and after the war was the retention of his won power and to make himself secure against all his real or imagined opponents.<ref>Conquest, p. 213</ref> However, despite all, Soviet dictator’s iron will and deft political skills let Stalin play the loyal ally while never abandoning his vision of an expanded postwar Soviet empire.
==Post ==Establish Soviet style Regimes in Eastern Europe at war's end==== Stalin prime aim at the various wartime conferences and in the immediate aftermath of the war doctrines, conference reactions it has been argued was the defense of the Soviet Union. The Communist country had suffered greatly during the war and consequenceshad suffered millions of casualties. Furthermore, Russia had been invaded during the First World War and had been invaded many times in its history. Stalin, a key student of history was very aware of this and he wanted to protect the Soviet Union, from further invasions. This partly explained his apparently inexhaustible hunger for land and territory.<ref>Boobbyer, Phillip, <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1460969928/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp= 1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1460969928&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=4f4a0d2ed9d56327a09af40eee7f97b3 The Stalin Era]</i> (Routledge, London, 2000), p. 278</ref> Stalin may have driven the Germans from eastern Europe and after a brief war drove the Japanese out of Northern China and Northern Korea, however, he did not free these countries. In effect, these countries had communist regimes imposed on them. Local communists were elevated to positions of power in the liberated regions and nations and with the support of Stalin, they eventually became part of the Communist Bloc, which was led by Stalin, in Moscow.
Although, Stalin was eager to extend the initial reaction territories under his control in order to establish friendly nations on his borders.<ref>Boobyear, p. 234</ref> The Soviet Supreme leader knew that if friendly governments ruled the Yalta agreements was celebratoryterritories surrounding his country, it was also very short livedthat they would be less likely to assist any enemy in attacking Russia. In 1945Furthermore, Stalin wanted friendly governments around his nation, in order to act as a buffer and to protect the administration of Soviet Union from any invasion. Stalin also wanted to control countries that traditionally had threatened Russia and later the new US president Harry Truman clashed with Soviet Union, such as Poland and Germany. This was all done to protect the Soviets over their influence in Eastern EuropeSoviet Union from further attacks and invasions, especially from his former allies, the British and over the United Americans. He, like other communists, believed that a confrontation between Communist system and the Capitalist system was inevitable.<ref> Conquest, Robert. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0140169539/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0140169539&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=6d18b0f5cf1b30ced56f9f028135d4c2 Stalin: Breaker of Nations]</i>. (Viking-Penguin, Hammondsworth, 1999), p. Many Americans began to criticize Roosevelt’s handling 212</ref> ====Expansion of Communism====Stalin is often portrayed as a blood-thirsty and power mad dictator. This is true, but he was also a committed communist and was a firm believer in the Yalta negotiations due to tenets of Marxism-Leninism. This Communist doctrine foresaw a global revolution in which all the following lack nations of Soviet cooperation the world would become communists and even giving Eastern Europe property and Northeast Asia away wealth would be distributed equally. The ultimate aim of Communism was to reform society and transform humanity by the common sharing of goods, which would end exploitation and conflict. Stalin had previously favored developing communism in the Soviet Union, in opposition to the call of Trotsky, to export communist revolution around the world. By 1944-1945, Stalin was well aware that the Red Army and its victories allowed an unprecedented opportunity to expand Communism.<ref>Conquest, p. Numerous Central European nations also often regard 234</ref> This led him to adopt the Conference policy of supporting Communist parties in Yalta as eastern Europe. In the “Great Western betrayal” since it allowed years after the USSR to intervene freely in their domestic affairsSoviet liberation of countries, such as Bulgaria, Romania, abandoning democratic policies and turning them into Hungary, the Soviet satellitesSupreme leader, effectively introducing staged coups that deposed often democratically elected governments, often pro-western and replaced them with Communist regimes with impunityadministrations.<ref> Applebaum, Anne. <i>[https://www.amazon. At the Yalta conferencecom/gp/product/140009593X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=140009593X&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=03d813e57e34b26c53182c459bc18eb7 Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944–1956]</i> (Doubleday, London 2012), p. 117</ref> Stalin went to great lengths that the Big Three “attempted new governments were sympathetic to sacrifice freedom for the sake particular brand of stability”, Communism espoused by him. He made sure that the Communist governments carried out his wishes and many believe conformed to his repressive form of Communism. The desire to expand communism was one of the decisions and concessions key drivers of Roosevelt and Churchill during Soviet policy in the summit led to aftermath of the following power struggle during end of the Cold Warwar.<ref>Boobyear, p. Nevertheless277</ref> However, this alarmed the west, Stalin essentially got everything he wanted: a significant territorial sphere of influence especially Washington and interest this persuaded them to see Moscow as a buffer zoneits chief enemy. The German invasion ====Build Soviet Empire in Europe====Stalin has often been referred to as the USSR 'Red Tsar'. He wanted to build a great empire for himself and pressing back his nation. The Supreme Soviet Leader believed that the Soviet Union had all but won the war against the Germans, on its own. This meant that they were entitled to the spoils of war and that because of their great victory in that they had won the right to dominate, politically and economically, smaller countries.<ref>Montefiore, Simon Sebag. <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1400076781/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1400076781&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=a2465ef3d37dd105ffcfe226239d20ed Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar]</i>. (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003), p. 317</ref> Stalin believed that the East required Soviet Union was entitled to be regarded as a tremendous sacrifice by great power. Now great powers, such as Britain and France had empires and so the Soviet Unionwas entitled to a great empire. And Stalin skillfully used 's desire to establish an empire from the countries that during his Red Army had recently liberated was one of the main goals of the wartime conferences communist leader, in pursue of his postwar Soviet the post-war period. He wanted an empire expansionnot only for political reasons but also for economic reasons. Stalin wanted to establish puppet regimes in eastern Europe and they would provide the Soviet military casualties totaled approximately 35 million Union with over 15 million killedresources and markets for their goods.<ref>Applebaum, missing or capturedp. One 113</ref> The Communist leader envisaged a series of puppet states in four Soviets Eastern Europe that would be exploited so that they could help to make the Soviet Union prosperous. This was killed or wounded. More than 1 700 towns and 70 000 villages were destroyed and to be ultimately a mistake as in fact, the Soviet civilian death toll reached over 25 millionUnion came to subsidize the Communist countries in the East of Europe. Thereafter, Stalin 's domination of Eastern Europe was often referred to as one of greatly antagonize the most influential men west and was a contributory factor in human historystarting the Cold War. Although<ref>Montefiore, p. 332</ref> ====Conclusion====Stalin was responsible for believed that the deaths of over 20 million people during Soviet Union's sacrifices meant that he and his brutal rule, he was even nominated nation were entitled to be treated like a great power and that they could create an Empire for Nobel Peace Prize twice – in 1945 their own strategic and 1948economic benefit. He continued The Soviet leader was eager to expand his territory in an effort to prosecute create a reign of terrorbuffer around the USSR, purgesin a bid to protect it from any invasion, executions, exiles possibly from the western powers. Stalin as a committed communist was also eager to labor camps expand communism around the world and persecution in the postwar USSRto promote a global revolution, suppressing all dissent and anything that represented foreign–especially Western–influencewould sweep away the capitalist system. Stalin established communistdid achieve many of his goals.<ref> Applebaum, p. 143</ref> By the time of his death, he ruled or influenced almost one-satellite governments throughout Eastern fifth of the world's landmass and Central Europethe USSR was acknowledged as only one of two Superpowers in the world.However, despite allhis ambitions meant that he caused the Cold War, that for four decades, Soviet dictator’s iron will threatened to turn into a nuclear conflict between the Communist bloc and deft political skills let Stalin play the loyal ally while never abandoning his true vision democratic western powers. <div class="portal" style="width:85%;">====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====*[[What were the goals of an expanded postwar the Axis powers and the Soviet empire.Union during World War Two?]]*[[How Did the German Military Develop Blitzkrieg?]]*[[Why did Operation Market Garden in 1944 fail?]]*[[How did Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy?]]*[[How did Adolf Hitler become the Fuhrer of Germany?]]*[[Why was France defeated in 1940?]]</div> ====References====<references/> [[Category:Wikis]][[Category:Russian History]] [[Category:Military History]][[Category:World War Two History]][[Category:European History]] [[Category:20th Century History]]{{Contributors}}
