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[[File: Trajan One.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A bust of Trajan]]
Emperor Trajan (53-117 AD) has traditionally been regarded as one of the greatest Roman Emperors (ruled from 98 to 117 AD), but modern historians have argued that his legacy was mixed. Trajan's reign led to both positive impacts on the Roman Empire. While Trajan's foreign invasion of Dacia, Arabia, and Mesopotamia created real benefit to the Empire, Parthia's conquest was ephemeral and wasteful. On the domestic side, Trajan was a dynamic administrator, and he did much to reverse some of the abuses that had developed under previous Emperors such as Domitian. Additionally, his domestic policies helped to improve the socio-economic condition in Italy.
While Rome benefitted from many of his conquests and policies, Parthia's invasion almost led to disaster, and his gains were short-lived. After Trajan's death, Hadrian was forced to abandon Parthia.
