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The <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B006RXQ800/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B006RXQ800&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=1a7786e898d7a531f39a6a1fb458773d Gangs of New York]</i> is widely viewed as an outstanding movie, but it is not particularly historically accurate. This movie is a 2002 epic directed by one of the greatest modern directors, Martin Scorsese. The now-defunct Miramax produced the movie, and it was based on an idea by Jay Cocks. The movie had a heavyweight cast starring Leonardo Di Caprio, Cameron Diaz, and Daniel Day-Lewis. The motion picture was generally well-received, but critics were not in love with the movie's script. It was a commercial success, and it received ten academy award nominations but failed to win any awards.

While events inspire the movie in the New York City of the 1860s, the movie is not based on a true story. The Gangs of New York, like many Scorsese movies, is an examination of organized crime in New York City. In essence, the movie is a vengeance drama. It is set in the American metropolis before and during the American Civil War. The movie's focus is on the gangs that once controlled the Five-Points area of New York, which was a notorious slum.

The movie starts with Bill the Butcher killing an Irish gang named Priest Vallon, played by Liam Nesson in the 1850s. The 'Priest' s son Amsterdam Vallon returns to the Five-Points, and plots revenge against Bill the Butcher for killing his father during the American Civil War. Di Caprio’s character successfully ingratiates himself into Bill's mob, but he does not reveal his true identity.

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The Scorsese movie has a definite sense of place, and the director sought to bring the Five Points neighborhood of the 1860s to life. There was a lavish amount of money spent to make sure that the motion picture was as realistic as possible and that viewers had a sense of what it was like to live in a 19th-century urban slum.

However, there are many inaccuracies in the movie concerning the presentation of Five Points. <ref>Czitrom, p 300</ref> Crime was probably worse here than in other parts of the city, but it was by no means as lawless as portrayed in the movie. In Scorsese’s film, the only characters portrayed are thieves, criminals, boxers, gamblers, and other undesirables. In reality, most of the neighborhood was populated by people who had regular jobs and worked hard every day. They were laborers and porters, who had tough jobs and could barely afford their rent. They constantly suffered from food insecurity and struggled to care for their families.

The movie shows Five Points as a place of unrelieved squalor and poverty, but in fact, the area by the 1860s had significantly improved. Evangelical Christian missionaries concerned with the Five Points' sinfulness had managed to persuade the New York city authorities to improve conditions in the slum. Scorsese’s portrayal of the area is not accurate as the neighborhood was a far better place than it had been in the 1830s and 1840s. <ref> Conway, K., McCormack, M. and Thomas, C., 2003. <i>Gangs of New York. Social Education</i>, 67(6), pp.313-317 </ref>

Another glaring inaccuracy in the 2002 movie was the presence of catacombs under the Five Points district. Bill the Butcher and the other gangs are shown as practically literally living underground. However, there were no catacombs in the neighborhood. Scorsese added these caves for dramatic effect. While the catacombs did not exist, they were a compelling setting for the movie.

[[File: Gangs three.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Slum dwellers in the Five Points]]

<i>Gangs of New York</i> is a compromisingly violent movie, and it is typical of Scorsese’s oeuvre. Many commentators likened it to modern gangster movies. The motion picture focuses on the recurring fights and battles between the native gangs led by Bill the Butcher and the Irish gangs. At the start of the film, Bill the Butcher and his mob engage in a pitched street battle with the Priest Vallon's Irish gang.

The gangs are shown to be armed with weapons such as swords and axes. In other violent incidents throughout the movie, there are many casualties and many fatalities. While gang fights were very common in the 19th century, New York and bar brawls were probably much more common than now. Scorsese exaggerates the level of violence, and there were very few gang battles portrayed in the movie. There were only a few instances when guns and swords were used.

Scorsese did not understand the nature of the gangs in 19th century New York and assumed that they were similar to modern street gangs such as the Crips and the Bloods and organized criminal organizations such as the Mafia. Before and during the civil war, the gangs in New York City were primarily political clubs and often met to talk local politics. Their primary focus was politics. They wanted to get their allies elected. There was violence but mostly around election time, and this was intended to intimidate their political opponents for the benefit of political bosses such as the infamous Boss Tweed.<ref> Mandelbaum, Seymour J. <i>Boss Tweed's New York</i> (J. Wiley, 1965), p 124</ref>

The movie concentrates on the battle between the native gang under Bill the Butcher and his mob, who are all rapidly anti-Irish. While there was violence between the newcomers and natives and in the 1857 riots, the Irish were more often than not battling each other to control criminal enterprises and for political influence than Nativists. <ref> Mandelbaum, p 135</ref> While there is some truth in Scorsese’s account of New York’s underworld, he took a great deal of dramatic license.

In the 1860s, there were many well-known and influential gang leaders in New York. Indeed, history offers many infamous and colorful characters that could have been used by the Gangs of New York makers. However, by and large, the characters are all fictional. Bill the Butcher was not a real figure, but he was probably based on William Poole, an infamous gang leader from the 1840s. Like Bill, he was virulently anti-Catholic and disliked immigrants, but he was murdered before the Civil War.

The Irish gang leaders were all entirely fictionalized, and none of them had any basis in fact. Some have argued that Amsterdam Vallon was based on an Irish-born gambler and gangster. The love interest of Di Caprio’s character, who is played by Cameron Diaz, was another purely fictional character. Also, the names of the gangs are not correct. For example, the Irish gang is known as the ‘Dead Rabbits’ in the motion picture, but they never existed. A newspaperman invented them in the 1850s. <ref>Walkowitz, Daniel J. "‘The Gangs of New York’: The mean streets in history." In <i>History Workshop Journal</i>, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 204-209. Oxford University Press, 2003 </ref>

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The climax of the movie is a vicious fight between Amsterdam and Bill the Butcher. This takes place during a riot by mainly Irish residents against the draft. The riot was a historical event, and it was one of the worst outbreaks of public disorder in the history of New York City. The New York City Draft Riots of 1863 were a violent expression of growing discontent among the poor and the working class. The economy of New York had suffered greatly during the war, and unemployment was high, and wages were low.

Additionally, the use of a cannon to quell the riots was both theatrical and completely inaccurate. Although soldiers fired on the mob to break it up, cannons were not fired on the crowds.<ref> Schecter, p 101</ref>

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Barnett Schecter, <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0802714390/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0802714390&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=838a063152ecf571cfd2e48f3293bdc4 The Devil's Own Work: The Civil War Draft Riots and the Fight to Reconstruct America]</i> (New York, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2005)

====References====