Changes

The first clear movie poster was made by Marcellin Auzolle for the Louis Lumière film <i>L'Arroseur Arrosé</i>, or the <i>Sprinkler Sprinkled</i>, which was a comedy that debuted in Paris in 1895. That film is famous for being also the first featured comedy. There were earlier posters used for films, but these were mostly descriptive or discussed the type of cinematography rather than promoting the film itself. The poster shows the audience looking at the film, with one of the scenes in the film displayed (a gardener being splashed by water; Figure 1). The film's surprising focus on comedy, where up to that point most films were closer to documentaries, surprised audiences, making it a major hit and soon launched the genre of comedyand even some new experimentation in film. The first major American film, which was only 12 minutes long, to utilize a poster was <i>The Great Train Robbery</i>. The film was a great success, as it was the first true Western and its sequence of action thrilled audiences, signaling a new direction for films. The posters were basic, however, and mainly showed some of the cast and a train. Interestingly, none of these early posters, including <i>The Great Train Robbery</i>, indicated the actors' namesand actors were not considered critical factors in drawing in audiences by the studios. It was Thomas Edison though who began to standardize the size of posters used for promotion, with his company printing 27”x41” poster sizes. Early movies were becoming increasing hits in the 1900s, as audiences demanded more. However, none of even as movies became more popular, posters still did not name the movies promoted their actors(or actresses). It was only from about 1910 that studios began to use actors' names in promotion, and that was only after people started mailing the studios and demanding that certain actors play in movies or even asking for the actors' names. Studios soon realized that promoting actors on film posters, and not be just the film, could help with making the film more popular and profitable. Soon, posters began to prominently display actors'/actresses' names. This also helped actors them to demand greater pay and helped them to increase their leverage in movies. Producers also began to experiment with stills or showing stills from a movie using so-called lobby cards, which were 8”x10” and showed scenes meant to attract audiences. This began the idea of stills as movie promotion. With the increasing popularity of start stars like Charlie Chaplin, the 1910s saw greater use of actors on posters. In fact, now posters began to simply show famous actors, including actresses, rather than even show any scene in the movie.<ref>For more on the early history of movie posters and how the idea developed in the 1890s and into the early decades of the 20th century, see: Smith, Ian Haydn. <i>Selling the Movie: The Art of the Film Poster</i>. First edition. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. </ref>