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Admin moved page Why did the Mukden Incident lead to the creation of the Stimson Doctrine in 1932 by the United States? to Why did the Mukden Incident lead to the creation of the Stimson Doctrine in 1932 by the United States
[[File:193109_mukden_incident_railway_sabotage.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px|Japanese experts inspecting the alleged "railway Sabotage" of the the South Manchurian Railway that led to the occupation of Manchuria]]__NOTOC__
In 1931, a dispute near the Chinese city of Mukden (Shenyang) precipitated events that led to the Japanese conquest of Manchuria. In response, U.S. Secretary of State Henry Stimson issued what would become known as the Stimson Doctrine, stating that the United States would not recognize any agreements between the Japanese and Chinese that limited free commercial intercourse in the region.
====Japanese expansion threatened US interests in Asia====In the 1920s and 1930s, the United States had a number of interests in the Far East. The United States engaged in trade and investment in China. American missionaries representing many denominations worked within the region. The United States also claimed Pacific territories, including the Philippines, Guam, and Hawaii. The United States defended its interests in the region through a three-pronged Far Eastern policy: it included the principle of the Open Door for guaranteeing equal access to commercial opportunities in China, a belief in the importance of maintaining the territorial integrity of China, and a commitment to cooperation with other powers with interests in the region.
====Japan Invades Manchuria after a Suscipious railway bombing was blamed on the Chinese Nationalists====
Given the 1930s worldwide depression, there was little support for economic sanctions to punish the Japanese. Instead, the United States sat in on League of Nations council meetings for the first time to try to convince the League to enforce the Kellogg-Briand Pact, which both Japan and China had signed. Appeals based on the pact, however, proved ineffective.
[[File:IJA_Infantry_in_Manchuria.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px|Japanese Infantry invading Manchuria in 1931]]
====The Stimson Doctrine did little to stim Japanese Aggression in China====
Therefore Secretary Stimson issued the Stimson Doctrine in early 1932. This Doctrine stated that the United States would not recognize any treaty or agreement between Japan and China that violated U.S. rights or agreements to which the United States subscribed.
====Conclusion====
The Manchurian Crisis of 1931–33 demonstrated the futility of the 1920s-era agreements on peace, nonaggression, and disarmament in the face of a power determined to march forward. Responses like the Stimson Doctrine of non-recognition similarly had little effect. In the years following the crisis, changing alliances, economic necessities, and altered policies would result in an all-out Sino-Japanese War.
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* Republished from [https://history.state.gov/| Office of the Historian, United States Department of State]
* Article: [https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/mukden-incident| The Mukden Incident of 1931 and the Stimson Doctrine]
[[Category:US State Department]] [[Category:Wikis]][[Category:United States History]] [[Category: World War Two History]] [[Category:20th Century History]] [[Category:Political History]] [[Category:Diplomatic History]]
