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→Later Russia
==Later Russia==
In late 19th century Romanov Russia, a new department was developed to create a modern espionage service. This was the Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order, or Okhrana, which was also mostly a secret police organization. While most of their activity was to protect the Russian state, they increasingly were concerned with revolutionary ideas that had begun to spread in Europe. This included concerns about communism and left-leaning groups that began to openly oppose the tsar.
==Rise of the Soviet Spy System==
