Changes

__NOTOC__{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Chuck_CooperNapoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg|thumbnail|Chuck Cooper at Dusquesne|thumbnailleft|200px|left]]====[[Who integrated Alexander the NBA?Great Top Ten Booklist]]====Sports, like American societyCreating a top ten list for books on Alexander the Great is not easy, was segregated well into the 20th century. In many ways professional sports was the face of race in the cultural fabricsince few ancient historical figures have been written about as much. African-American athletes competed in their own separate, but unequal, professional leagues Everything from his complex personality and little was done his sexual life to challenge the status quohis military and logistical tactics have been analyzed by historians. Branch RickeyAlexander, who was the general manager of baseball’s Brooklyn Dodgerssimply put, was the first to step up stands out as unique among ancient historical figures for having so much detailed assessment made on his life and end segregation in American sportstimes. {{Read more|Who integrated Alexander the NBA?Great Top Ten Booklist}}

<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:leecoverA_Midwife's_Tale.jpg|thumbnail|200pxleft|left150px]] ====[[American Civil War Biographies Gender in Early America Top Ten Booklist]]====The library Most of us are familiar with a narrative of texts pertaining to colonial America that focuses on the Civil War Era ranges from scholarly research to pure fictionactions of our "Founding Fathers. Some " But what of the most informative our "Founding Mothers"? This booklist compiles ten works come that explore gender in the biography genre. The countless memoirs colonial North America and autobiographies are essential to professional researchers and historians and have proved indispensable to provide an important lens through which we can view some of the modern biographerformative events in our shared history. {{Read more|American Civil War Biographies Gender in Early America Top Ten Booklist}}

<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Housesteads latrinesLighthouse.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|300px]]====[[How did Public Sanitation DevelopWas the Lighthouse of Alexandria Destroyed?]]====With Of all the beginning Seven Wonders of settled lifethe Ancient World, a new problem arose as people began to live only the Great Pyramids of Giza in one place throughout the yearEgypt still remain. That problem was public sanitation. With increased populationWar, neglect, and natural disasters have wiped them from the face of the need to adequately remove human waste earth with only descriptions left by ancient historians and maintain relatively clean water supplies became geographers, or perhaps an increasing challenge.By prehistoryoccasional coin or painting, this challenge was addressed in societies, with increasing sophistication as cities grew and became more complextokens of their greatness. {{Read more|How did Public Sanitation DevelopWas the Lighthouse of Alexandria Destroyed?}}

<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:thomas paineWilliam_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px150px]]====[[Why Did American Colonists Become United Against England?Best Gifts for History Lovers]]====Colonial Americans enjoyed relative independence from England until 1763It can sometimes be difficult to find the right gift for your history loving friend or spouse. Hopefully, which marked the cessation we can help. This is our 2017 list of the Seven Years’ Wargreat gifts for history lovers. Prior to that timeIf in doubt, get a book. History lovers adore books. Some our recommendations are less academic then some of the British government had paid little attention to the domestic affairs conducted by their American colonists. The war was costly; howeverbooks that appear on our other booklists, and England deemed it appropriate but they do represent outstanding recent books that American colonies contribute to the war debt and the costs associated with stationing British troops on American soilmost history lovers should enjoy. {{Read more|Why Did American Colonists Become United Against England?Best Gifts for History Lovers}}

<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Mithra sacrifiant le TaureauSpartacus -0051960 - poster.JPGpng|thumbnail|200px|left|275px]]====[[Why was the worship of Mithra so popularHow accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?]]====Today The historical epic Spartacus (1960) is one of the god Mithra or Mithras is not recognized by many best-known movies in the Westcinema history. Mithra is often seen as just It caused a sensation on its release and was one of the many gods that most successful pictures of the 1960s. The movie was once worshiped in Europe, the Near East, not only a commercial success it was a critical success and South Asiait received several Academy Awards. However, in Spartacus was directed by the early centuries of Christianity, one can argue the worship of Mithras rivaled influence and importance of Christianitycinematic genius Stanley Kubrick. {{Read more|Why was the worship of Mithra so popularHow accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?}}

<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Last_Kingdom_2.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How did Medicine develop in the Ancient WorldHistorically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?]]====Early medicine developed in a number of societies, both in Season 2 is divided into two novels from the New and Old WorldsSaxon Tales series written by Bernard Cornwell, as populations around the world were able to quickly learn that plants that grew around them often have natural healing qualities namely books 3 and health benefits4 (Season 1 was books 1-2). The novels span roughly between 878-886 (Figure 1). Several regions around The main focus for Season 2 in the worldfirst four episodes is Uhtred's quest to go north from Wessex into Northumbria, which had early complex societies, have left us evidence or documents that describe some a less tamed area of the relatively sophisticated medical techniques or practices England that developed at early datesis ruled more by Danes but their hold is somewhat less clear. Uhtred seeks his ancestral home in Bebbanburg (Bamburgh Castle) and also wants revenge against Kjartan, who killed is adopted Danish father.{{Read more|How did Medicine develop in the Ancient WorldHistorically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?}}

 <div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:America's_ConstitutionConfederate_monument_Elmira_NY.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[American Legal History Top Ten BooklistWhy are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?]]====These are our Top Ten legal history booksAs one travels across the southern United States, it is not unusual to find monuments and memorials to the Confederate dead in many small towns. Why do we like In fact, these books? Besides being awesomesculptural pieces, we believe that these are some often composed of the most exciting legal history books we have readsame statues and plinths from the Monumental Bronze Co. These books helped us think about legal history in new waysof Bridgeport, Conn. Excitement , can be found as far north as Pennsylvania and legal history are terms that are rarely used togetherNew York. A study in 2016 found some 1, but after you read 500 monuments still standing. While in recent years these books we hope you feel the same way as we domonuments have become a new source of political conversation their very erection was a movement by Confederate women. {{Read more|American Legal History Top Ten BooklistWhy are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?}}

 <div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Florence_Cathedral16307509620 d1ab80ba6b.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|300px]]====[[Why did the Italian Renaissance EndWhat was lynching?]]====The Italian Renaissance was one Lynching is often described as a form of extralegal, vigilante violence or justice; however, its meaning has evolved over time—from the most exciting periods tarring and feathering of individuals in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the artsColonial period to the lethal, literatureracial violence that proliferated in the South. According to Digital History, philosophy"Lynching received its name from Judge Charles Lynch, architecture a Virginia farmer who punished outlaws and politicsTories with "rough" justice during the American Revolution. Many " The United States has a long history of vigilance committees whose purposes were to protect the community. According to Linda Gordon, “vigilantism generally means bypassing the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during legal procedures of the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vincistate and substituting direct, Machiavelli usually punitive and Raphaelcoercive action by self-appointed groups of citizens".{{Read more|Why did the Italian Renaissance EndWhat was lynching?}}

 <div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Gregory-American-Surveillance-cTomb_of_Nakht.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryWhat Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?]]====The United States has been conducting surveillance of its citizens since it There is a common misconception today that life in ancient Egypt was created, but a dreary one for anyone not in the ability of any government nobility. This image is probably at least partially derived from pop culture where scenes are common in movies that depict Egyptian peasants being worked to spy on its citizens has dramatically improved in the digital agedeath to make tombs and temples for their gods and kings. How should United States balance national security and personal privacy? Does The reality is that although the Constitution provide adequate protection against unrestricted government surveillance? What can advocates do to strengthen personal privacy rights? These concerns will only intensify in ancient Egyptian social system was quite different from that of the years to comemodern world, and they had few of today’s modern conveniences, Egyptians from all social classes enjoyed a leisure culture that was not much different than today’s.{{Read more|American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryWhat Was the Importance of Alcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?}}

<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:1896 Olympic marathonL'aquarium; vue intérieure.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|thumb|300px]]====[[How did the marathon emergeDid Public Aquariums Develop?]]====The marathon is seen today as grueling long-distance, usually over 26 mile raceLarge public aquariums have become fixtures in most major urban regions. The battle of MarathonIn some places, fought between they have become among the Greek and Persian armiesleading attractions for city tourism, where many aquariums have also expanded into conservation efforts and the resulting run by a Greek warrior to tell the victory is usually cited as the origin applied research along with being tourist destinations. The history of this sport. While there such aquariums is truth in this storynot completely modern, although the history of the marathon form in which we know aquariums today is complex and its presence in many major world cities shows it still stands as one of the great events that tests human will and skillmostly a recent development.{{Read more|How did the marathon emergeDid Public Aquariums Develop?}}

<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:GettysburgKarl XII i Ystad 1715, målning av Johan Heinrich Wedekindt från 1719.jpegjpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhy did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?]]====A DailyHistoryThe failed invasion of Russia by Hitler and Napoleon are well known. Less well-known is invasion of Russia by the Swedes under their most famous king, Charles XII.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on Sweden in 1700 was the greatest Northern European power and this provoked the battles jealousy of its neighbors. This led to the American Civil Great Northern War. The books on culmination of this list explore war was the battles Swedish monarch’s invasion of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Russia and many others. The list includes the works of several of his subsequent defeat by Tsar Peter the most prominent historians on this topic including James McPherson, Gordon Rhea, Stephen Sears and Craig Symonds. Take a look Great at our listPoltava (1709).{{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhy did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?}}

<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:662px-Official_Francisco_FrancoThe_Native_Ground.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|thumb|200px]]====[[What were the Root Causes How have Historians' perceptions of the Spanish Civil WarNative Americans changed?]]====Spain was In 1997, Kerwin Lee Klein, among others, observed that a very divided, unstable and weak country wholesale change had occurred in the 19th centuryhow historians portrayed Native American history. Once a great powerPreviously, Spain lost almost the last historians and ethnographers had focused on “the tragedy of its colonies after it defeat in the Spanish-American warvanishing Indian.”[1] It Many Americans, even those sympathetic to Native Americans, argued that Indians ultimately faced extinction. Even though this argument was technically a monarchy, but power had frequently been in undermined by the hands continued survival of military dictatorsNative Americans, scholars were slow to reject it. The country was bitterly divided. The acute poverty Native American rights movement of the Spanish people meant that many were drawn to Communism, Anarchism 1960s and Socialism1970s emphasized the persistence of Native Americans.{{Read more|What were the Root Causes How have Historians' perceptions of the Spanish Civil WarNative Americans changed?}}

<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:PrivateeringAbraham_Lincoln_Brigade.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]] ====[[Privateering during The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the Spanish American War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert]]====During the Spanish Civil War 1812, US approximately 2,800 American men and Canadian privateers fought most of women answered the call from the naval battles between Communist party to defend the United States and Great BritainSpanish republic from fascist aggression. These privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by the promise of profit to fight for their countries. There was a strong legal framework men and women served in both the United States Fifteenth International Brigade and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners formed the Abraham Lincoln, Washington and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during the warMacKenzie-Papineau Battalions. Needless to sayThese soldiers’ stories have been controversial, privateers because 80 percent of these volunteers were incredibly risky investmentsCommunists. {{Read more|Privateering during The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the Spanish American War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert}}

<div class="portal" style="width:85%;">[[File:CayleffAmerican_Girls_in_Red_Russia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Nature's PathAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Susan E. CayleffJulia Mickenberg]]====At Julia L. Mickenberg's new book American Girls in Russia: Chasing the Soviet Dream published by the University of Chicago Press explores the very end history of the 19th CenturyAmerican women who went to Russia looking for adventure, a freedom, revolution, work and new system called naturopathy was created by Benedict life. After they moved to Russia they found challenges and Louisa Stroebel Lusthardships. Unlike many Many were disturbed by both the conditions of the 19th Century medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Naturopathic healing was founded country and based on number the treatment of influences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, temperance and vegetarianismpeople by the new government. {{Read more|Nature's PathAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Susan E. CayleffJulia Mickenberg}}

<div class="portal" style="width:85%;">[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815GermanHyperChart.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|250px]] ====[[Why did What Were the Congress Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of Vienna fail to stop future European wars1921-1923?]]====The Congress Among the defining features of Vienna was a gathering early twentieth century Europe and one of representatives of European kingdoms that the contributing factors to World War II, was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternicheconomic maelstrom known as “hyperinflation” that ravaged Germany from 1921 until 1923. The Congress was held Although the short period is often overlooked in Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The goals popular histories of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in period, there is no denying the impacts that the process had on Germany, Europe , and to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continentworld. {{Read more|Why did What Were the Congress Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of Vienna fail to stop future European wars1921-1923?}}

<div class="portal" style="width:85%;">[[File:652px-First_Oil_Well32936173946 bc0836c5c5 o.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How When did Edwin Drake create abortion become legal in the World's first oil wellUnited States?]]====Even though there In colonial America, abortion was no one "first discover" of oildealt with in a manner according to English common law. Oil Abortion was known in antiquity typically only frowned upon, or penalized, when it was used to heal wounds. But by occurred after “quickening,”—when a woman felt fetal movement—because it suggested that the middle of the 19th century methods for collecting oil from the ground fetus had not changed for thousands of yearsmanifested into its own separate being. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process Quickening could vary from women to woman, and dramatically increased oil production around the worldsometimes as late as four months. {{Read more|How When did Edwin Drake create abortion become legal in the World's first oil wellUnited States?}}

[[File:VDC_book_coverAncient_ziggurat.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Fate What Was the Importance of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri GloverZiggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?]]====Starting in 1787, states began The people of ancient Mesopotamia practiced a religion that modern scholars are only just now beginning to ratify the newly drafted federal Constitution which would determine understand and the fate physical focal point of their religion were the new American Republic. In order for the Constitution to go in effect, nine of the states needed to agree to the document. While five states quickly ratified the Constitution between December 1787 and January 1788monumental, the country's eyes stayed on Virginia. Virginia was the most populated and largest state and it was critical for the state to ratify the Constitution to legitimize the processtriangular structures known as ziggurats. {{Read more|Fate What Was the Importance of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri GloverZiggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?}}

[[File:Px-Epikouros BM 1843Immigrants_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so important?Working Toward Whiteness by David Roediger]]====Epicurus is often associated as one of the Greek philosophers more interested in pleasure or its pursuit than other ideals. While at times this led David Roediger’s book <i>Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to a negative view of his philosophy, the reality is Suburbs</i> continues his thinking was very advanced provocative exploration of whiteness studies by examining how southern and developed, leading to his ideas becoming highly influential in modern thought in many regions eastern European immigrants became white during the first half of the world todaytwentieth century. He was one of the first Greek philosophers to develop a strong tradition Roediger argues that avoid superstition as a core ideal“the long, circuitous process by which ‘new immigrants’ became ‘white ethnics’” matters.{{Read more|Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so important?Working Toward Whiteness by David Roediger}}

[[File:Almost_a_MiracleMarco Polo traveling.jpgjpeg|left|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhat Is the History of Ice Cream?]]====On July 4Ice cream has been a popular treat that many see today as having developed relatively recently, 1776, the Declaration as ice cream usually requires a form of Independence was signed by the Continental Congressrefrigeration. This act was only While the first step towards modern form of ice cream is relatively more recent, the creation idea of the United Statesice cream has been present for millennia. The United States then fought a seven year war to cement its independence from England. The successful fight Ice treats, which eventually gave us ice cream, were refreshing snacks usually reserved for independence has had a remarkable impact on world history over the past 200 years. The United States gradually transformed itself from a former colony into a superpower. The impact elites or those who can obtain ice in times of this revolution cannot be ignoredwarm or hot weather. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhat Is the History of Ice Cream?}}

[[File:Plato Academy MAN Napoli Inv124545Tod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was Platothe impact of Spartacus's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtuprising on Rome?]]====The Academy, founded by Spartacus was a Thracian and he had once fought with the philosopher Plato in the early 4th century BCERomans. According to Plutarch, he was perhaps one of the earliest institutions of higher learningenslaved by them after he had deserted. While it Due to his strength and military skills he was not like trained as a university where people would enroll and obtain advanced degreesgladiator. In 73BC, he plotted to escape from his gladiatorial school, it functioned as one of the first places for dedicated research into scientific near Capua in southern Italy and philosophical questions, at least was joined in Europe, took place the conspiracy by gathered scholars. Its main function was to teach Plato's philosophical understanding, but it also challenged its scholars up to develop a new understanding of our universe100 other gladiators. {{Read more|What was Platothe impact of Spartacus's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtuprising on Rome?}}

[[File:The_Alien_and_Sedition_Acts_of_1789Hoecke_Croesus_showing_his_treasures.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinHow Did Croesus Become the Wealthiest Man in the Ancient World?]]====The Alien and Sedition Acts According the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus, who has often been called the “father of 1798 were four laws that were passed by history,” the predominantly Federalist Congress and signed by John Adams to strengthen Lydian King Croesus (ruled ca. 560-540s BC) was the national security of world’s wealthiest king who ruled the United Statesworld’s wealthiest kingdom. These acts not only restricted When Salon, the ability of an immigrant legendary Athenian law giver, came to become Lydia see the king’s wealth personally, Croesus immediately had his servants “take him on a citizen, but made it easier tour of the royal treasuries” in order to deport non-citizens who were either deemed dangerous or were citizens “point out the richness and magnificence of hostile countrieseverything. ”{{Read more|The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinHow Did Croesus Become the Wealthiest Man in the Ancient World?}}

[[File:Danse_macabre_by_Michael_WolgemutOseberg_ship_-_IMG_9129.pngjpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]] ====[[How did the Bubonic Plague make What if the Italian Renaissance possibleVikings Never Invaded England?]]====The Black Death Viking, or more accurately Danish and Norsemen, invasions of England in the 9th century CE (1347-1350865) was a pandemic that devastated helped lead to what ultimately would become the populations united country of Europe and AsiaEngland. The plague Before 865, England was an unprecedented human tragedy in Italy. It not only shook Italian society, but transformed it. The Black Death marked an end of an era in Italydivided into four or sometimes more countries, its impact was profound populated by Angles and it resulted in wideSaxons (or Anglo-ranging social, economic, cultural and religious changesSaxons).{{Read more|How did the Bubonic Plague make What if the Italian Renaissance possibleVikings Never Invaded England?}}

[[File:Stalingrad three1906roome_td_yale.jpgpng|thumbnail|left|250px]]====[[Why did Germany lose the Battle of StalingradDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]====Hitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin In 1905, American football faced an crisis. Far to many young men were being killed while playing football and he decided no one was taking any serious actions to attack reduce the city, because of its symbolic valuerisks. However, The headline at the original aim top of the offensive right hand column in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in the Caucasus. ''The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all his forces Chicago Sunday Tribune'' on the conquest of the oil fieldsNovember 26, 1905 screamed, he made perhaps a fateful mistake"Football Year's Death Harvest - Record Shows That Nineteen Players Have Been Killed; One Hundred Thirty-seven Hurt - Two Are Slain Saturday."{{Read more|Why did Germany lose the Battle of StalingradDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?}}

[[File:Samuel_Hahnemann_1841Privateering.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[What was the dominant medical sect in the United States Privateering during the 19th Century?War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert]]====Nineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regulars, EclecticsDuring the War 1812, US and Canadian privateers fought most of the naval battles between the United States and HomeopathsGreat Britain.[1] Each These privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by the promise of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how profit to treat illnesses fight for their countries. There was a strong legal framework in both the United States and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and diseases, but sought to portray their type investors took advantage of practice as it and funded privateering outfits during the most effective and scientificwar. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investments.{{Read more|What was the dominant medical sect in the United States Privateering during the 19th Century?War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. Kert}}

[[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800Cayleff.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff]]====At the very end of the 19th Century, a new system called naturopathy was created by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lust. Unlike many of the 19th Century medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of influences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, temperance and vegetarianism. {{Read more|Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. Cayleff}}</div>

<div class="portal">[[File:British_Lancers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, Why did the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyBattle of the Somme largely fail to achieve its objectives?]]====Recently The Battle of the Somme or the Somme Offensive was a series of battles that occurred during the Summer and Autumn of 1916. It involved British and French forces launching a massive assault on the German lines in an effort to break the stalemate on Twitter, the Western Front. The Battle was primarily a debate broke out battle between Annette Gordon-Reed, Sam Haselby, the Germans and John Fea on the nature of Thomas Jefferson's religious beliefsBritish. The offensive achieved very little and both sides suffered heavy casualties. Instead of recreating The British only advanced a few miles and the debate, it made more sense to contact one of the participants, Sam Haselby, whose recent book ''German lines held. The Origins of American Religious Nationalism'' (published stalemate was not broken by Oxford University Press) examines how a conflict with Protestantism, in the decades following US independence transformed American national identityoffensive.{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, Why did the Battle of the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbySomme largely fail to achieve its objectives?}}

[[File:EngineeringvictoryFrench_soldiers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Engineering Victory during the Civil Origins of World War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.One - Top Ten Booklist]]====Logistics win warsThe First World War was an incredibly destructive and wide ranging catastrophe. Logistics is Not only did it dramatically change the coordination map of complex operations such as moving, housing Europe and supplying troops the world and their equipmentit led to further instability. The First World War is was one of the most important wars in human history. There has long been a debate about the ultimate test exact cause of any logistician. Thomas F. Army, Jr. argues in his new book <i>Engineering Victory: How Technology Won the Civil First World War</i> published by Johns Hopkins University Press that . The assassination of the Union's engineering prowess during Civil War gave it an distinct advantage over Archduke Ferdinand triggered the Confederacywar but its ultimate causes were far more complex.{{Read more|Engineering Victory during the Civil Origins of World War: Interview with Thomas F. Army, Jr.One - Top Ten Booklist}}

[[File:Shantytown_USAQueen_Anne's_Lace_(25468119510).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?]]====Birth is a universal experience for humanity and therefore, so is conception. This makes the issue of contraception one which stretched back into antiquity. While this topic is frequently in modern news, the historic practices of contraception and the specific methods utilized are rarely touched upon. {{Read more|What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:GW-painting.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px]]====[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, a gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. {{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:512px-Filip II Macedonia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?]]====Alexander the Great is one of the most famous men in history. However, it is generally recognized that Alexander’s achievements would have been impossible without his father, Philip II of Macedon, who reigned from 359 to 336 B.C. He is not as well-known as his son but he laid the foundations for the great Empire of Alexander.{{Read more|How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Egyptian kitchen Berlin 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px]]=====[[How did kitchens develop?]]=====Few places in a home are as important or symbolic for our social bonds than the kitchen. In almost every culture, the kitchen serves not only as the place where food is prepared, but serves as a social hub for families and friends. Humans develop deep social bonds with family and friends in their kitchen. The kitchen does not simply provide for our daily nutrition but also helps to reinforce our social character. Whether humans are cooking around a fire or chopping vegetables on a granite counter-top, they are also interacting with one another. {{Read more|How did kitchens develop?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Christiaan_Barnard_(1968).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When did the First Heart Transplant take place?]]====When Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant in 1967, it was initially seen as remarkable scientific achievement, but overtime both the medical community and the general public were forced to re-evaluate heart transplants. The medical community quickly realized that the first transplants were little more than dangerous and unpredictable experiments.{{Read more|When did the First Heart Transplant take place?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Keller.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]====Helen Keller (1880–1967) is best known for her triumph over blindness, deafness, and muteness. Rescued from the isolation of her afflictions as a young girl by the Perkins Institute for the Blind teacher Anne Sullivan, Keller learned to understand a basic form of sign language and learned to “feel” and imitate the sound of the human voice. {{Read more|Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?}}</div>

<div class="portal" >[[File:Anthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhen was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?]]====The Harvard University Press recently published Lisa Goff's new book Shantytown, USA: Forgotten Landscapes history of the Working PoorMesothelioma is complicated. There's a chance that one of your American ancestors lived in an American shantytown. While we may not realize Medicine struggled to establish its existence and understand what caused it now, shantytowns were a common feature of 19th century America. Goff's book explores not only how shantytowns became Mesothelioma is a prominent feature rare form of America's towns and cities, but why middle class Americans eventually turned cancer that forms on them the "tissues that cover the lungs and abdomen." Mesothelioma is typically tied to the exposure of people to asbestos in either their residentsenvironment or workplace. {{Read more|Shantytown, USA: Interview with Lisa GoffWhen was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?}}

<div class="portal">[[File:portraitbowieRabbbi's_Atheist_.jpgjpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim BowieRabbi's Atheist Daughter: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson]]====Directly or indirectlyHistory is fickle. During the 19th Century, Ernestine Rose was one of the most important and famous international advocates for feminism, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actionsfree thought and anti-slavery. A hearty man of six feet She worked closely with renowned figures in heightthis movement such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Despite her contributions to feminism, Bowie was a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedomatheism, a generous and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a whimanti-slavery, since her death she has slowly been erased from history. {{Read more|The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Skythian_archer_plate_BM_E135_by_Epiktetos.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[When did Men Start Wearing Pants?]]====Why did humans start wearing pants? To answer this question it’s important to understand two things - first, what were the earliest forms of clothing and how did they evolve into pants and secondly, why did a need for pants develop? It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a commanding leader who was prone bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the body which covers from waist to the lower leg. It is also helpful to binges define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of sloppy drunkennessthe body which covers from waist to the lower leg.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own DeclineWhen did Men Start Wearing Pants?}}

[[File:Anonymous_Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-_Prise_de_la_Bastille0455M_edit for my series headline photo.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Origins of What Mistakes did the French Revolution Allies make during Operation Overlord on D- Top Ten BooklistDay?]]====The French Revolution has been seen as a world-altering eventJune 6, 1944 was arguably the most pivotal day of World War II. The revolution demolished a long standing monarchy Operation Overlord was set to be launched and showed that it if successful, was to open a natural form of governmentsecond front in Europe so as to attack Germany from all sides. The Revolution also showed that it was possible to change societyStalin’s Soviet Army had been battling the German Army since late 1942 in Stalingrad, using reasonLeningrad, for the better and worse. The French Revolution inspired many to agitate for democracy and equality around the worldMoscow. {{Read more|Origins of What Mistakes did the French Revolution Allies make during Operation Overlord on D- Top Ten BooklistDay?}}

====[[Book Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."]]====[[File:Robert_E_Lee_in_1863Assassins_accomplice.pngjpg|left|thumb|190px150px]]====[[How Did Kate Clifford Larson's book The Assassin’s Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Battle of South Mountain Alter Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln is a well-researched narrative exploring the Course of the American Civil War?]]====When Lee ordered his men out prosecution of Virginia, he had a massive forceMary Surratt. The Confederate Army left Centreville, Virginia with 45,700 menAssassin’s Accomplice details the events that revolved around Mrs. Additionally, Lee called Surratt in the days and weeks leading up three divisions from Richmond that totaled another 20,600 troops in addition to J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry the assassination of 5,500 riders. In total, 71,800 Confederate soldiers departed Virginia with orders to proceed to MarylandPresident Lincoln. {{Read more|How Did the Battle of South Mountain Alter the Course of the American Civil War?Book Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."}}

====[[How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?]]====[[File:grantBlack pepper (By R.Boroujerdi).jpgjpeg|left|thumb|250px205px]]Visiting a restaurant in the Western world or even a home often means finding salt and black pepper as common condiments on the table used to give taste to our dishes. Salt has been native to many regions and is commonly found; however, black pepper was a far more limited plant (Piper nigrum) that natively grew in South and Southeast Asia.{{Read more|How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?}}</div>

<div class="portal" >[[File:Almost_a_Miracle.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil War?American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]====January 1On July 4, 1863 marked a pivotal moment in the American Civil War. On this date the Emancipation Proclamation1776, the preliminary Declaration of which Independence was issued signed by President Lincoln on September 22, 1862, took full and permanent effect, thus changing the Union’s ultimate war goalContinental Congress. The harsh and unpopular actions that were necessary to prevent This act was only the first step towards the prolonged bloody carnage creation of continual war were tasked to three men: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses Sthe United States. Grant, and William T. ShermanThe impact of this revolution cannot be ignored. {{Read more|Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil War?American Revolution Top Ten Booklist}}

<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:GW-paintingPinkertons.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|thumb|200px]] ====[[What was George WashingtonInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O's military experience before the American Revolution?Hara]]====The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of In 1850, Allan Pinkerton founded a detective agency that would grow into the Continental Army in 1775Pinkerton's National Detective Agency. Washington was only 43 years old at Pinkerton's agency is easily the time, a gentleman planter most famous and infamous security guard and local Virginian politiciandetective agency in United States history. He had not served in Pinkerton originally created the military for over 20 years agency to help railroad companies investigate their employees and his military service records was not particularly distinguishedcatch train robbers. What qualified Washington for But over time, the supreme confidence Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with the federal government and as these partnerships grew the young American rebels placed in him?Pinkertons' role increased dramatically. {{Read more|What was George WashingtonInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O's military experience before the American Revolution?Hara}}

[[File:Akhenaten_as_a_Sphinx_(Kestner_Museum)652px-First_Oil_Well.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]]====[[How did Monotheism DevelopEdwin Drake create the World's first oil well?]]====While monotheism is seen as something that has derived from Judaism, the history Even though there was no one "first discover" of how monotheism became pervasive is complexoil. Oil was known in antiquity when it was used to heal wounds. Integrating both historical and archaeological data, we find that But by the rise middle of monotheism has been influenced by key political events. These political events help transform the 19th century methods for collecting oil from the ground had not just these early monotheistic faiths but also by extension many parts changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and dramatically increased oil production around the world today.{{Read more|How did Monotheism DevelopEdwin Drake create the World's first oil well?}}

[[File:American_Colossus.jpeg|left|thumb|125px]]Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our favorites. Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our favorites. Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issue. In other words, several of these books are seeking to create a grand narrative of the era to help their readers understand it. {{Read more|Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist}}

[[File:BattleCryFreedomSamuel_Hahnemann_1841.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]]====[[The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonWhat was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?]]====In 2014Nineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regulars, the New York Times published a brief interview with noted Civil War historian James McPhersonEclectics, The George Henry Davis 1886 Professor and Homeopaths.[1] Each of American History at Princeton University. McPherson is considered these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how to treat illnesses and diseases, but sought to be the dean of Civil War historians. He is best known for his Pulitzer Prize winning book Battle Cry portray their type of Freedom which is practice as the best overview of the Civil Warmost effective and scientific.{{Read more|The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonWhat was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?}}

<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File: Drysocks.JPG |thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]==Articles==Here are some Bill Mauldin once said that the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company, 180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of our most recently created Sicily and edited articlesthe Allied campaign up the boot of Italy. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers of the “brass” all the way up to General George Patton.{{#dplRead more|What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:categoryFlorence_Cathedral.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?]]==Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descendingThe Italian Renaissance was one of the most exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the arts, literature, philosophy, architecture and politics. Many of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphael.{{Read more|count=8Why did the Italian Renaissance End?}}

[[File:Gettysburg.jpeg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist]]====A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the battles of the American Civil War. The books on this list explore the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and many others. Take a look at our list. {{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Stalingrad three.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]] ====[[Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?]]====Hitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, because of its symbolic value. However, the original aim of the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in the Caucasus. The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistake.{{Read more|Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:portraitbowie.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?]]====Directly or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actions. A hearty man of six feet in height, Bowie was a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedom, a generous and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a whim, and a commanding leader who was prone to binges of sloppy drunkenness.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Religion===={{#dpl:category=Religious History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Ancient Greek History===={{#dpl:category=Ancient Greek History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====American Civil War===={{#dpl:category=Civil War|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====19th Century History===={{#dpl:category=19th Century History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Renaissance History===={{#dpl:category=Renaissance History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Early US Republic====*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri Halperin]]*[[Fate of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri Glover]]*[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Sports History====*[[Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]*[[How did modern boxing emerge?]]*[[How did the game of golf emerge?]]*[[How did the marathon emerge?]]*[[How did the modern tennis emerge?]]*[[Who integrated the NBA?]]*[[How did hunting become a symbol of the aristocracy/royalty]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Legal History====*[[American Legal History Top Ten Booklist]]*[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony Gregory]]*[[How did the Sharia Law develop?]]*[[How has the Roman Lex Mercatoria evolved to play a role in modern International Trade and Commerce Codification?]]*[[How does The Magna Carta influence the Modern Perceptions of Civil Rights?]]*[[How has ancient Rome influenced European law?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War I===={{#dpl:category=World War One History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====European Interwar Political History====*[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]*[[How Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union]]*[[How did Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy?]]*[[Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynski]]*[[The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact- Stalin’s greatest mistake?]]*[[The Nazi triumph: how did Adolf Hitler become the Fuehrer of Germany?]]*[[Why did the the Weimar Republic Collapse?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War Two===={{#dpl:category=World War Two History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====British History===={{#dpl:category=British History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div><div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Roman History===={{#dpl:category=Roman History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Historically Accurate===={{#dpl:category=Historically Accurate|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div>  <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Interviews====These {{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Booklists===={{#dpl:category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=12}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Articles====Here are some of our interviews with historians discussing their new booksmost recently created and edited articles.{{#dpl:category=InterviewsWikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=108}}

<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">

==Booklists==Book Reviews====Includes Here are some of our most recent Expert and User created Top Ten History Booklistsbook reviews.{{#dpl:category=BooklistsBook Review|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=158}}

<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Great History Sites==Blog Roll==

<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">

====Contribute====DailyHistory.org is a communitiy history wiki. Almost every page (excluding interviews and expert booklists) can be edited. You are welcome to join us.

*Soon An hour after you register, you will be able to edit and create articles. *All of your contributions need to be original.*All new articles and edits are reviewed by DailyHistory.org moderators before publication. *Please note that DailyHistory.org uses rel="nofollow" and spammers will not be able to influence ranking algorithms by spamming this site. *If you want to create a new page, you can easily do so by using enter the title for in the box below. After your hit enter, follow the following formdirections: