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__NOTOC__{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:GregoryNapoli BW 2013-American05-Surveillance16 16-c24-01.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryAlexander the Great Top Ten Booklist]]====The United States has Creating a top ten list for books on Alexander the Great is not easy, since few ancient historical figures have been written about as much. Everything from his complex personality and his sexual life to his military and logistical tactics have been conducting surveillance of its citizens since it was createdanalyzed by historians. Alexander, simply put, but stands out as unique among ancient historical figures for having so much detailed assessment made on his life and times.{{Read more|Alexander the ability Great Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:A_Midwife's_Tale.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px]] ====[[Gender in Early America Top Ten Booklist]]====Most of us are familiar with a narrative of any government to spy colonial America that focuses on its citizens has dramatically improved the actions of our "Founding Fathers." But what of our "Founding Mothers"? This booklist compiles ten works that explore gender in colonial North America and provide an important lens through which we can view some of the digital ageformative events in our shared history. {{Read more|Gender in Early America Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File: Lighthouse.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left]]====[[How should United States balance national security and personal privacyWas the Lighthouse of Alexandria Destroyed? Does ]]====Of all the Seven Wonders of the Constitution provide adequate protection against unrestricted government surveillance? What can advocates do to strengthen personal privacy rights? These concerns will Ancient World, only intensify the Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt still remain. War, neglect, and natural disasters have wiped them from the face of the years to comeearth with only descriptions left by ancient historians and geographers, or perhaps an occasional coin or painting, as tokens of their greatness.{{Read more|American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryHow Was the Lighthouse of Alexandria Destroyed?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:1896 Olympic marathonWilliam_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px150px]]====[[How did the marathon emerge?Best Gifts for History Lovers]]====The marathon is seen today as grueling long-distanceIt can sometimes be difficult to find the right gift for your history loving friend or spouse. Hopefully, usually over 26 mile racewe can help. The battle of Marathon, fought between the Greek and Persian armies, and the resulting run by a Greek warrior to tell the victory This is usually cited as the origin our 2017 list of this sportgreat gifts for history lovers. While there is truth If in this storydoubt, the history get a book. History lovers adore books. Some our recommendations are less academic then some of the marathon is complex and its presence in many major world cities shows it still stands as one of the great events books that appear on our other booklists, but they do represent outstanding recent books that tests human will and skillmost history lovers should enjoy.{{Read more|How did the marathon emerge?Best Gifts for History Lovers}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:GettysburgSpartacus - 1960 - poster.jpegpng|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistHow accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?]]====A DailyHistoryThe historical epic Spartacus (1960) is one of the best-known movies in cinema history.org top ten booklist focusing on best book It caused a sensation on its release and was one of the battles most successful pictures of the American Civil War1960s. The movie was not only a commercial success it was a critical success and it received several Academy Awards. Spartacus was directed by the cinematic genius Stanley Kubrick. {{Read more|How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Last_Kingdom_2.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?]]====Season 2 is divided into two novels from the Saxon Tales series written by Bernard Cornwell, namely books on this list explore 3 and 4 (Season 1 was books 1-2). The novels span roughly between 878-886 (Figure 1). The main focus for Season 2 in the battles first four episodes is Uhtred's quest to go north from Wessex into Northumbria, a less tamed area of AntietamEngland that is ruled more by Danes but their hold is somewhat less clear. Uhtred seeks his ancestral home in Bebbanburg (Bamburgh Castle) and also wants revenge against Kjartan, Gettysburgwho killed is adopted Danish father. {{Read more|How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Confederate_monument_Elmira_NY.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Why are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?]]====As one travels across the southern United States, it is not unusual to find monuments and memorials to the Confederate dead in many small towns. In fact, these sculptural pieces, Chancellorsvilleoften composed of the same statues and plinths from the Monumental Bronze Co. of Bridgeport, Conn., can be found as far north as Pennsylvania and New York. A study in 2016 found some 1,500 monuments still standing. While in recent years these monuments have become a new source of political conversation their very erection was a movement by Confederate women. {{Read more|Why are there so many othersMonuments to the Confederacy across the United States?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:16307509620 d1ab80ba6b. The list includes jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[What was lynching?]]====Lynching is often described as a form of extralegal, vigilante violence or justice; however, its meaning has evolved over time—from the works of several tarring and feathering of individuals in the Colonial period to the lethal, racial violence that proliferated in the most prominent historians on this topic including James McPhersonSouth. According to Digital History, Gordon Rhea"Lynching received its name from Judge Charles Lynch, Stephen Sears a Virginia farmer who punished outlaws and Craig SymondsTories with "rough" justice during the American Revolution. Take " The United States has a look at our listlong history of vigilance committees whose purposes were to protect the community. According to Linda Gordon, “vigilantism generally means bypassing the legal procedures of the state and substituting direct, usually punitive and coercive action by self-appointed groups of citizens".{{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhat was lynching?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:662px-Official_Francisco_FrancoTomb_of_Nakht.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|thumb|200px]]====[[What were Was the Root Causes Importance of the Spanish Civil WarAlcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?]]====Spain was There is a very divided, unstable and weak country common misconception today that life in the 19th century. Once ancient Egypt was a great power, Spain lost almost the last of its colonies after it defeat dreary one for anyone not in the Spanish-American warnobility.[1] It was technically a monarchy, but power had frequently been This image is probably at least partially derived from pop culture where scenes are common in movies that depict Egyptian peasants being worked to the hands of military dictatorsdeath to make tombs and temples for their gods and kings. The country reality is that although the ancient Egyptian social system was bitterly divided. The acute poverty quite different from that of the Spanish people meant that many were drawn to Communismmodern world, Anarchism and Socialismthey had few of today’s modern conveniences, Egyptians from all social classes enjoyed a leisure culture that was not much different than today’s.{{Read more|What were Was the Root Causes Importance of the Spanish Civil WarAlcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:PrivateeringL'aquarium; vue intérieure.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. KertHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?]]====During the War 1812, US and Canadian privateers fought Large public aquariums have become fixtures in most of the naval battles between the United States and Great Britainmajor urban regions. These privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by In some places, they have become among the promise of profit to fight leading attractions for their countries. There was a strong legal framework in both the United States city tourism, where many aquariums have also expanded into conservation efforts and Great Britain that normalized piracyapplied research along with being tourist destinations. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage The history of it and funded privateering outfits during such aquariums is not completely modern, although the war. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investmentsform in which we know aquariums today is mostly a recent development.{{Read more|Privateering during the War of 1812: Interview with Faye M. KertHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:CayleffKarl XII i Ystad 1715, målning av Johan Heinrich Wedekindt från 1719.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. CayleffWhy did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?]]====At the very end The failed invasion of the 19th Century, a new system called naturopathy was created Russia by Benedict Hitler and Louisa Stroebel LustNapoleon are well known. Unlike many Less well-known is invasion of Russia by the 19th Century medical systems createdSwedes under their most famous king, naturopathy has persevered Charles XII. Sweden in 1700 was the greatest Northern European power and this provoked the jealousy of its neighbors. This led to the Great Northern War. The culmination of this day. Naturopathic healing war was founded and based on number the Swedish monarch’s invasion of influences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, temperance Russia and vegetarianismhis subsequent defeat by Tsar Peter the Great at Poltava (1709). {{Read more|Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. CayleffWhy did Charles XII of Sweden fail to conquer Russia in 1708?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815The_Native_Ground.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|250px]]====[[Why did the Congress How have Historians' perceptions of Vienna fail to stop future European warsNative Americans changed?]]====The Congress of Vienna was In 1997, Kerwin Lee Klein, among others, observed that a gathering wholesale change had occurred in how historians portrayed Native American history. Previously, historians and ethnographers had focused on “the tragedy of representatives of European kingdoms the vanishing Indian.”[1] Many Americans, even those sympathetic to Native Americans, argued that Indians ultimately faced extinction. Even though this argument was presided over undermined by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna from 1814 continued survival of Native Americans, scholars were slow to 1815reject it. The goals Native American rights movement of the Congress were to secure peace 1960s and stability in Europe and to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize 1970s emphasized the Continentpersistence of Native Americans. {{Read more|Why did the Congress How have Historians' perceptions of Vienna fail to stop future European warsNative Americans changed?}}
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====[[How did Edwin Drake create The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the World's first oil well?Spanish American War]]====Even though there was no one "first discover" of oil. Oil was known in antiquity when it was used to heal wounds. But by During the middle of Spanish Civil War, approximately 2,800 American men and women answered the 19th century methods for collecting oil call from the ground had not changed for thousands of yearsCommunist party to defend the Spanish republic from fascist aggression. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process These men and women served in the Fifteenth International Brigade and dramatically increased oil production around formed the worldAbraham Lincoln, Washington and MacKenzie-Papineau Battalions. These soldiers’ stories have been controversial, because 80 percent of these volunteers were Communists. {{Read more|How did Edwin Drake create The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the World's first oil well?Spanish American War}}
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[[File:VDC_book_coverAmerican_Girls_in_Red_Russia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Fate of the RevolutionAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Lorri GloverJulia Mickenberg]]====Starting Julia L. Mickenberg's new book American Girls in 1787, states began to ratify Russia: Chasing the newly drafted federal Constitution which would determine Soviet Dream published by the fate University of Chicago Press explores the history of the new American Republic. In order women who went to Russia looking for the Constitution to go in effectadventure, freedom, revolution, nine of the states needed work and new life. After they moved to agree to the documentRussia they found challenges and hardships. While five states quickly ratified Many were disturbed by both the Constitution between December 1787 and January 1788, conditions of the country's eyes stayed on Virginia. Virginia was the most populated and largest state and it was critical for the state to ratify treatment of people by the Constitution to legitimize the processnew government. {{Read more|Fate of the RevolutionAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Lorri GloverJulia Mickenberg}}
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[[File:Px-Epikouros BM 1843GermanHyperChart.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantWhat Were the Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?]]====Epicurus is often associated as Among the defining features of early twentieth century Europe and one of the Greek philosophers more interested in pleasure or its pursuit than other ideals. While at times this led contributing factors to a negative view of his philosophyWorld War II, was the economic maelstrom known as “hyperinflation” that ravaged Germany from 1921 until 1923. Although the reality short period is his thinking was very advanced and developed, leading to his ideas becoming highly influential in modern thought often overlooked in many regions popular histories of the world today. He was one of period, there is no denying the first Greek philosophers to develop a strong tradition impacts that avoid superstition as a core idealthe process had on Germany, Europe, and the world.{{Read more|Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantWhat Were the Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?}}
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[[File:Almost_a_Miracle32936173946 bc0836c5c5 o.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhen did abortion become legal in the United States?]]====On July 4In colonial America, 1776, the Declaration of Independence abortion was signed by the Continental Congressdealt with in a manner according to English common law. This act Abortion was typically only frowned upon, or penalized, when it occurred after “quickening,”—when a woman felt fetal movement—because it suggested that the first step towards the creation of the United States. The United States then fought a seven year war to cement fetus had manifested into its independence from England. The successful fight for independence has had a remarkable impact on world history over the past 200 yearsown separate being. The United States gradually transformed itself Quickening could vary from a former colony into a superpower. The impact of this revolution cannot be ignoredwomen to woman, and sometimes as late as four months. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhen did abortion become legal in the United States?}}
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[[File:Plato Academy MAN Napoli Inv124545Ancient_ziggurat.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtWas the Importance of Ziggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?]]====The Academy, founded by the philosopher Plato in the early 4th century BCE, was perhaps one of the earliest institutions people of higher learning. While it was not like ancient Mesopotamia practiced a university where people would enroll religion that modern scholars are only just now beginning to understand and obtain advanced degrees, it functioned as one the physical focal point of their religion were the first places for dedicated research into scientific and philosophical questionsmonumental, at least in Europe, took place by gathered scholars. Its main function was to teach Plato's philosophical understanding, but it also challenged its scholars to develop a new understanding of our universetriangular structures known as ziggurats. {{Read more|What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtWas the Importance of Ziggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?}}
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[[File:The_Alien_and_Sedition_Acts_of_1789Immigrants_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinWorking Toward Whiteness by David Roediger]]====David Roediger’s book <i>Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Alien and Sedition Acts Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs</i> continues his provocative exploration of 1798 were four laws that were passed whiteness studies by the predominantly Federalist Congress examining how southern and signed by John Adams to strengthen eastern European immigrants became white during the national security first half of the United Statestwentieth century. These acts not only restricted the ability of an immigrant to become a citizenRoediger argues that “the long, but made it easier to deport non-citizens who were either deemed dangerous or were citizens of hostile countries. Perhaps the most contentious aspect of the new laws criminalized the printing or speaking allegedly false statements about the federal government. Not surprisingly, these laws were incredibly controversial and strongly opposed circuitous process by Thomas Jefferson's opposition Democratic-Republican partywhich ‘new immigrants’ became ‘white ethnics’” matters.{{Read more|The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinWorking Toward Whiteness by David Roediger}}
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====[[What Is the History of Ice Cream?]]====
Ice cream has been a popular treat that many see today as having developed relatively recently, as ice cream usually requires a form of refrigeration. While the modern form of ice cream is relatively more recent, the idea of ice cream has been present for millennia. Ice treats, which eventually gave us ice cream, were refreshing snacks usually reserved for elites or those who can obtain ice in times of warm or hot weather. {{Read more|What Is the History of Ice Cream?}}
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[[File:grantTod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]]====[[Was What was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil Warimpact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?]]====January 1, 1863 marked Spartacus was a pivotal moment in Thracian and he had once fought with the American Civil WarRomans. On this date the Emancipation ProclamationAccording to Plutarch, the preliminary of which he was issued enslaved by President Lincoln on September 22them after he had deserted. Due to his strength and military skills he was trained as a gladiator. In 73BC, 1862he plotted to escape from his gladiatorial school, took full near Capua in southern Italy and permanent effect, thus changing the Union’s ultimate war goal. The Civil War was no longer being fought to preserve the antebellum Union but rather, joined in the words of Lincoln, was to be a war of “subjugation…the [old] South” was conspiracy by up to be destroyed in favor of “new propositions and ideas100 other gladiators.”{{Read more|Was What was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil Warimpact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?}}
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[[File:Stalingrad threeHoecke_Croesus_showing_his_treasures.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]]====[[Why did Germany lose How Did Croesus Become the Battle of StalingradWealthiest Man in the Ancient World?]]====Hitler saw According the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus, who has often been called the city, because “father of its symbolic value. Howeverhistory, ” the original aim of the offensive in Southern Russian Lydian King Croesus (ruled ca. 560-540s BC) was to secure the oil fields in world’s wealthiest king who ruled the Caucasusworld’s wealthiest kingdom. The oil was essential for When Salon, the legendary Athenian law giver, came to Lydia see the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all king’s wealth personally, Croesus immediately had his forces servants “take him on a tour of the royal treasuries” in order to “point out the conquest richness and magnificence of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistakeeverything.”{{Read more|Why did Germany lose How Did Croesus Become the Wealthiest Man in the Battle of StalingradAncient World?}}
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[[File:Samuel_Hahnemann_1841Oseberg_ship_-_IMG_9129.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during if the 19th CenturyVikings Never Invaded England?]]====Nineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: RegularsThe Viking, Eclecticsor more accurately Danish and Norsemen, and Homeopaths.[1] Each invasions of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how England in the 9th century CE (865) helped lead to treat illnesses and diseases, but sought to portray their type what ultimately would become the united country of practice as the most effective and scientificEngland. Arguably none of the three sects Before 865, England was superior to the othersdivided into four or sometimes more countries, but their adherents concluded that their sectarian beliefs were better than their competitorspopulated by Angles and Saxons (or Anglo-Saxons).{{Read more|What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during if the 19th CenturyVikings Never Invaded England?}}
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[[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_18001906roome_td_yale.jpgpng|thumbnail|left|200px250px]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]====Recently on Twitter, a debate broke out between Annette Gordon-Reed, Sam HaselbyIn 1905, American football faced an crisis. Far to many young men were being killed while playing football and John Fea on no one was taking any serious actions to reduce the nature of Thomas Jefferson's religious beliefsrisks. Instead of recreating The headline at the debate, it made more sense to contact one top of the participants, Sam Haselby, whose recent book right hand column in ''The Origins of American Religious NationalismChicago Sunday Tribune'' (published by Oxford University Press) examines how a conflict with Protestantismon November 26, in the decades following US independence transformed American national identity1905 screamed, "Football Year's Death Harvest - Record Shows That Nineteen Players Have Been Killed; One Hundred Thirty-seven Hurt - Two Are Slain Saturday."{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?}}
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[[File:EngineeringvictoryPrivateering.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Engineering Victory Privateering during the Civil Warof 1812: Interview with Thomas F. Army, JrFaye M.Kert]]====Logistics win wars. Logistics is the coordination of complex operations such as moving, housing and supplying troops and their equipment. War is the ultimate test of any logistician. During the Civil War1812, the Union troops US and Canadian privateers fought almost most of the entire war in naval battles between the SouthUnited States and Great Britain. Thomas F. Army, JrThese privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by the promise of profit to fight for their countries. argues There was a strong legal framework in his new book Engineering Victory: How Technology Won both the Civil War published by Johns Hopkins University Press United States and Great Britain that the Union's engineering prowess normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during Civil War gave it an distinct advantage over the Confederacywar. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investments.{{Read more|Engineering Victory Privateering during the Civil Warof 1812: Interview with Thomas F. Army, JrFaye M.Kert}}
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[[File:Shantytown_USACayleff.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Shantytown, USANature's Path: Interview with Lisa GoffSusan E. Cayleff]]====The Harvard University Press recently published Lisa Goff's new book Shantytown, USA: Forgotten Landscapes At the very end of the Working Poor. There's 19th Century, a chance that one of your American ancestors lived in an American shantytownnew system called naturopathy was created by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lust. While we may not realize it now, shantytowns were a common feature Unlike many of the 19th century AmericaCentury medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Goff's book explores not only how shantytowns became a prominent feature Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of America's towns and citiesinfluences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, but why middle class Americans eventually turned on them temperance and their residentsvegetarianism. {{Read more|Shantytown, USANature's Path: Interview with Lisa GoffSusan E. Cayleff}}
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[[File:portraitbowieBritish_Lancers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Mysterious Illness Why did the Battle of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute the Somme largely fail to His Own Declineachieve its objectives?]]====Directly The Battle of the Somme or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actionsthe Somme Offensive was a series of battles that occurred during the Summer and Autumn of 1916. A hearty man of six feet It involved British and French forces launching a massive assault on the German lines in height, Bowie an effort to break the stalemate on the Western Front. The Battle was primarily a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedom, a generous battle between the Germans and the British. The offensive achieved very little and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on both sides suffered heavy casualties. The British only advanced a whim, few miles and a commanding leader who the German lines held. The stalemate was prone to binges of sloppy drunkennessnot broken by the offensive.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness Why did the Battle of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute the Somme largely fail to His Own Declineachieve its objectives?}}
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[[File:Young_boxers_fresco,_Akrotiri,_GreeceFrench_soldiers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[How did modern boxing emerge?Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist]]====Boxing is one The First World War was an incredibly destructive and wide ranging catastrophe. Not only did it dramatically change the map of Europe and the oldest sports known world and it led to usfurther instability. From very early historical records, to its professional development The First World War was one of the most important wars in human history. There has long been a debate about the last century, and modern prizefights, exact cause of the sport has become a global phenomenon watched by millionsFirst World War. Although modern boxing has a lot The assassination of similarities with its ancient cousin, the mix with television, big money, and big personalities has forever changed Archduke Ferdinand triggered the sportwar but its ultimate causes were far more complex.{{Read more|How did modern boxing emerge?Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:AlexanderTheGreat_BustQueen_Anne's_Lace_(25468119510).jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb200px]]====[[What was used for birth control in medieval Europe?]]====Birth is a universal experience for humanity and therefore, so is conception. This makes the issue of contraception one which stretched back into antiquity. While this topic is frequently in modern news, the historic practices of contraception and the specific methods utilized are rarely touched upon. {{Read more|220pxWhat was used for birth control in medieval Europe?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:GW-painting.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px]]====[[Alexander What was George Washington's military experience before the Great Top Ten BooklistAmerican Revolution?]]====Creating The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, a top ten list for books on gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. {{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:512px-Filip II Macedonia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?]]====Alexander the Great is not easyone of the most famous men in history. However, since few ancient historical figures it is generally recognized that Alexander’s achievements would have been written about impossible without his father, Philip II of Macedon, who reigned from 359 to 336 B.C. He is not as well-known as his son but he laid the foundations for the great Empire of Alexander.{{Read more|How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Egyptian kitchen Berlin 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px]]=====[[How did kitchens develop?]]=====Few places in a home are as muchimportant or symbolic for our social bonds than the kitchen. Everything from his complex personality In almost every culture, the kitchen serves not only as the place where food is prepared, but serves as a social hub for families and friends. Humans develop deep social bonds with family and friends in their kitchen. The kitchen does not simply provide for our daily nutrition but also helps to reinforce our social character. Whether humans are cooking around a fire or chopping vegetables on a granite counter-top, they are also interacting with one another. {{Read more|How did kitchens develop?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Christiaan_Barnard_(1968).jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When did the First Heart Transplant take place?]]====When Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant in 1967, it was initially seen as remarkable scientific achievement, but overtime both the medical community and his sexual life the general public were forced to his military re-evaluate heart transplants. The medical community quickly realized that the first transplants were little more than dangerous and logistical tactics have been analyzed by historiansunpredictable experiments.{{Read more|When did the First Heart Transplant take place?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Keller. Alexanderjpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]====Helen Keller (1880–1967) is best known for her triumph over blindness, simply putdeafness, stands out and muteness. Rescued from the isolation of her afflictions as unique among ancient historical figures a young girl by the Perkins Institute for having so much detailed assessment made on his life the Blind teacher Anne Sullivan, Keller learned to understand a basic form of sign language and learned to “feel” and timesimitate the sound of the human voice. {{Read more|Alexander the Great Top Ten BooklistWhy Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:grantAnthophyllite_asbestos_SEM.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|250px200px]]====[[Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil WarWhen was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?]]====January 1, 1863 marked a pivotal moment in the American Civil WarThe history of Mesothelioma is complicated. On this date the Emancipation Proclamation, the preliminary of which was issued by President Lincoln on September 22, 1862, took full Medicine struggled to establish its existence and permanent effect, thus changing the Union’s ultimate war goalunderstand what caused it. Once the aim Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that forms on the war changed for "tissues that cover the Union, so too did its leaderslungs and abdomen. The harsh and unpopular actions that were necessary " Mesothelioma is typically tied to prevent the prolonged bloody carnage exposure of continual war were tasked people to three men: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Shermanasbestos in either their environment or workplace. {{Read more|Was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil WarWhen was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?}}
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====[[The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson]]====
History is fickle. During the 19th Century, Ernestine Rose was one of the most important and famous international advocates for feminism, free thought and anti-slavery. She worked closely with renowned figures in this movement such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Despite her contributions to feminism, atheism, and anti-slavery, since her death she has slowly been erased from history. {{Read more|The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson}}
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====[[When did Men Start Wearing Pants?]]====
Why did humans start wearing pants? To answer this question it’s important to understand two things - first, what were the earliest forms of clothing and how did they evolve into pants and secondly, why did a need for pants develop? It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the body which covers from waist to the lower leg. It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the body which covers from waist to the lower leg. {{Read more|When did Men Start Wearing Pants?}}
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[[File:French Prisoners 1940Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit for my series headline photo.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]] ====[[Why was France defeated in 1940What Mistakes did the Allies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?]]====In September 1939June 6, 1944 was arguably the Nazi War Machine invaded Poland and most pivotal day of World War II began. France Operation Overlord was set to be launched and its Britain declared against Nazi Germany in 1939. The French army if successful, was to open a second front in theory Europe so as strong as the Germanys and it had a vast Empire and a sophisticated arms industryto attack Germany from all sides. It Stalin’s Soviet Army had also established a series of fortifications been battling the German Army since late 1942 in the east of the countryStalingrad, Leningrad, known as the Maginot Line. The Line was designed to keep German forces out of Franceand Moscow. {{Read more|Why What Mistakes did the United States and Soviet Union Reach Detente During the Cold WarAllies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?}}
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====[[FileBook Review:Akhenaten_as_a_Sphinx_(Kestner_Museum)"The Assassin's Accomplice.jpg||left|thumb|200px"]]====[[How did Monotheism Develop?File:Assassins_accomplice.jpg|left|thumb|150px]]====While monotheism Kate Clifford Larson's book The Assassin’s Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln is seen as something that has derived from Judaism, a well-researched narrative exploring the history prosecution of how monotheism became pervasive is complexMary Surratt. Integrating both historical and archaeological data, we find that The Assassin’s Accomplice details the rise of monotheism has been influenced by key political eventsthat revolved around Mrs. These political events help transform not just these early monotheistic faiths but also by extension many parts Surratt in the days and weeks leading up to the assassination of the world todayPresident Lincoln.{{Read more|How did Monotheism Develop?Book Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."}}
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====[[How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?]]====[[File:American_ColossusBlack pepper (By R.Boroujerdi).jpeg||left|thumb|300px205px]]Visiting a restaurant in the Western world or even a home often means finding salt and black pepper as common condiments on the table used to give taste to our dishes. Salt has been native to many regions and is commonly found; however, black pepper was a far more limited plant (Piper nigrum) that natively grew in South and Southeast Asia.{{Read more|How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Almost_a_Miracle.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era History American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]====Creating a Top Ten List for On July 4, 1776, the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number Declaration of outstanding books on this periodIndependence was signed by the Continental Congress. These books are a selection This act was only the first step towards the creation of our favoritesthe United States. Most The impact of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issuerevolution cannot be ignored. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Pinkertons. jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Inventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'Hara]]====In other words1850, several of these books are seeking to create Allan Pinkerton founded a grand narrative of detective agency that would grow into the Pinkerton's National Detective Agency. Pinkerton's agency is easily the most famous and infamous security guard and detective agency in United States history. Pinkerton originally created the era agency to help railroad companies investigate their readers understand itemployees and catch train robbers. But over time, the Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with the federal government and as these partnerships grew the Pinkertons' role increased dramatically. {{Read more|Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten BooklistInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'Hara}}
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[[File:BattleCryFreedom652px-First_Oil_Well.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]]====[[The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonHow did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?]]====In 2014, the New York Times published a brief interview with noted Civil War historian James McPherson, The George Henry Davis 1886 Professor Even though there was no one "first discover" of American History at Princeton Universityoil. McPherson is considered Oil was known in antiquity when it was used to be heal wounds. But by the dean middle of Civil War historians. He is best known the 19th century methods for his Pulitzer Prize winning book Battle Cry of Freedom which is collecting oil from the best overview ground had not changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and dramatically increased oil production around the Civil Warworld.{{Read more|The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonHow did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?}}
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==Articles==[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist]]====Here [[File:American_Colossus.jpeg|left|thumb|125px]]Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our favorites. Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are some an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our most recently created and edited articlesfavorites. Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issue.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descendingRead more|count=8Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:Samuel_Hahnemann_1841.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?]]==Interviews==These are our interviews with historians discussing Nineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regulars, Eclectics, and Homeopaths.[1] Each of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how to treat illnesses and diseases, but sought to portray their new bookstype of practice as the most effective and scientific.{{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firsteditRead more|order=descending|count=7What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?}}
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[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]]====[[Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?]]==Booklists==Includes our most recent Expert The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The goals of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in Europe and User created to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continent. {{Read more|Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[History of God Top Ten Booklist]]====The concept of God and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed in ten books. These books seek attempt to explain a complex story on how the concept of God developed in different cultures, places, and across time. The history of the idea of God is long and has its roots from prehistoric to early historic periods in the ancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient Iran, Greece, Egypt, and perhaps other regions.{{Read more|History Booklistsof God Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:William-wallace-monument-1256291 1280.jpeg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is Braveheart?]]====Braveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a hero in the Scottish rebellions against the English in the late 13th and early 14th century. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, to some, represent an early, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself and his people. While much of the story depicted did occur, including the English occupation of Scotland during the time of Edward I, king of England, the depiction of the revolt against the English and other events do not correspond well to historical accounts.{{#dplRead more|How historically accurate is Braveheart?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:categoryDrysocks.JPG |thumbnail|200px|left]]====Booklists[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]====Bill Mauldin once said that the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company, 180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of Sicily and the Allied campaign up the boot of Italy. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers of the “brass” all the way up to General George Patton.{{Read more|ordermethodWhat Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?}}</div> <div class="portal" style=firstedit"font-size:90%">[[File:Florence_Cathedral.jpg|orderthumbnail|left|200px]]=descending===[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?]]====The Italian Renaissance was one of the most exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the arts, literature, philosophy, architecture and politics. Many of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphael.{{Read more|count=15Why did the Italian Renaissance End?}}
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====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist]]====
A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the battles of the American Civil War. The books on this list explore the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and many others. Take a look at our list. {{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist}}
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==Blog Roll==[[Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?]]====Hitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, because of its symbolic value. However, the original aim of the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in the Caucasus. The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistake.{{Read more|Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:portraitbowie.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?]]====Directly or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actions. A hearty man of six feet in height, Bowie was a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedom, a generous and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a whim, and a commanding leader who was prone to binges of sloppy drunkenness.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Religion===={{#dpl:category=Religious History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Ancient Greek History===={{#dpl:category=Ancient Greek History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====American Civil War===={{#dpl:category=Civil War|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====19th Century History===={{#dpl:category=19th Century History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Renaissance History===={{#dpl:category=Renaissance History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Early US Republic====*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri Halperin]]*[[Fate of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri Glover]]*[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Sports History====*[[Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]*[[How did modern boxing emerge?]]*[[How did the game of golf emerge?]]*[[How did the marathon emerge?]]*[[How did the modern tennis emerge?]]*[[Who integrated the NBA?]]*[[How did hunting become a symbol of the aristocracy/royalty]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Legal History====*[[American Legal History Top Ten Booklist]]*[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony Gregory]]*[[How did the Sharia Law develop?]]*[[How has the Roman Lex Mercatoria evolved to play a role in modern International Trade and Commerce Codification?]]*[[How does The Magna Carta influence the Modern Perceptions of Civil Rights?]]*[[How has ancient Rome influenced European law?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War I===={{#dpl:category=World War One History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====European Interwar Political History====*[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]*[[How Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union]]*[[How did Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy?]]*[[Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynski]]*[[The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact- Stalin’s greatest mistake?]]*[[The Nazi triumph: how did Adolf Hitler become the Fuehrer of Germany?]]*[[Why did the the Weimar Republic Collapse?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War Two===={{#dpl:category=World War Two History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====British History===={{#dpl:category=British History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div><div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Roman History===={{#dpl:category=Roman History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Historically Accurate===={{#dpl:category=Historically Accurate|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Interviews===={{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Booklists===={{#dpl:category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=12}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Articles====Here are some of our most recently created and edited articles.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Book Reviews====Here are some of our most recent book reviews.{{#dpl:category=Book Review|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Great History Sites====
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