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The study of human history, often termed “historiography,” is technically the study of the past through primary documents and sources. Although those primary sources can include art and architecture, they are most often written documents, including religious texts, annals and other historiographical records, and administrative records just to name a few. According to scholars, anything before the dawn of human civilization and writing, which roughly coincides with 3,100 BC, is considered “pre-history.” But obviously history was being made before 3,100 BC, so it too is studied, but with different methodologies, tools, and by a different set of scholars.

===Sima de los Heuso Cave===

The cave known as Sima Dde los Heuso at the Atapuerca archaeological site in Spain has yielded an incredible number of hominin remains that have shed new light on the emergence of the Neanderthals. Several <i>Homo heidelbergensis</i> fossils were discovered at the site, with 430,000 year old bones possibly representing the earliest Neanderthals, or a transitional species between <i>heidelbergensis</i> and Neanderthal. It was after this point when the Neanderthals completely diverged and began spreading across Europe. <ref> Klein, p. 311</ref>

===References===

[[Category: Archeology]] [[Category: European History]] [[Category: Anthropology]] [[Category: Paleolithic Period]] [[Category: Deep Impact History]]