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==Introduction==[[File: Howard Hughes Three.jpg |350px|thumb|left|The Aviator Movie Poster]]__NOTOC__One <i>The Aviator</i>, released in 2004, traces some of the most important movies key moments in the life of 2004 was the famous American industrialist and Hollywood producer Howard Hughes. The Aviator. It movie was directed by perhaps the leading directors of the modern era Martin Scorsese and scripted by serial academy award nominee John Logan. It is a historical epic that focused on a key period in the life of Howard Hughes one of the most famous and arguably important men of the twentieth century.  Scorsese’s movie focuses on the rise of Howard Hughes and his impact on Hollywood, aviation, and indeed America, his struggle with mental illness over a twenty-year period years from the 1920s to the 1940s. The motion picture starred Scorsese muse Leonardo di Caprio as Howard Hughes, Cate Blanchet as the acclaimed actress Katherine Hepburn and Kate Beckinsdale Beckinsale played the screen star , Ava Gardiner. The supporting cast featured a number of some high-profile actors who would typically have expected to headline a movie. <i>The Aviator</i>, which was released on Christmas Day was both a box-office smash and the praised by critics generally praised it. The movie received eleven nominations at the Academy Awards and won seven in 2005. There When the film was much discussion at the time released, there were questions regarding the accuracy of the biopic and if the portrayal of Hughes and his life was realistic. Below is a discussion of the accuracy of other figures in the movie. [[File: Howard Hughes Three.jpg |200px|thumb|left| The Aviator Movie Poster]]====Howard Hughes Character====The movie perfectly captures the early life of Howard Hughes. He was indeed the rather a spoilt child of a very wealthy family in Texas. The young boy Hughes was fascinated by all things technical and this , an interest he probably inherited from shared with his father, Howard . Hughes Senior. He father had invented a drill for the oil industry and had founded the Hughes Tool Company, based in Houston, Texas, which was extremely extraordinarily profitable . <ref> Barlett, Donald L., and James B. Steele. Howard Hughes: His Life & Madness (New York, WW Norton & Company, 2004, p 14</ref>).  Howard became very wealthy at the age of 19, because nineteen when he inherited the majority of Hughes Tools, which was based in Houston, Texas. This allowed him to follow his passions and he had many of these. The wealth of the Texan is captured very well in the movie and it did allow him to live a lavish captures not only Hughes's lifestyle and but shows that he used the wealth to fund his many numerous projects. The movie accurately portrays Hughes as a playboy in the roaring 1920s and 1930s and indeed this was the case. Scorsese in his movie manages to capture the drive and the sheer brilliance of Hughes. He was never idle and was always had involved with multiple projects on the go. [[File: Hughes One.jpg|200px|thumb|left| Howard Hughes c1940]]====Howard Hughes and the moviesMovies====<i>The Aviator </i> shows Hughes spending a lot of time in Hollywood both as a producer and a party animal. In this regard , the movie is 's portrayal was accurate as because Hughes was very important in Hollywood and an integral part of its inner circleearly Hollywood. Hughes uncle had been a writer and one of the early scriptwriters in Tinsel TownLos Angeles. The Texan because Because of the profits from his father’s company Hughes' profitable oil business, he was able to use his own personal money to make films and he was able to operate outside of the early studio system .<ref>Barlett, p. 45</ref>. In the  The movie the young Texan millionaire is show as investing shows how Hughes invested heavily in the movie film <i>Hell’s Angels </i> a World War I epicabout the airplane dogfight. This was true, and it did go Scorsese accurately shows that Hughes went wildly over budget as portrayed the movie and lost a great deal of money. <i>The Aviator </i> portrays Hughes as gambling everything that he had on this movie and that he was despite being a novice in the industry. In fact,  Hughes had made movies before , and he was an established producer , and one of his productions had even won an Academy Award. The Aviator does show very accurately that Hughes movie Hell’s Angels was indeed a pioneering work in its realism and its use of special effects and it was and remains an influential movie .<ref> Porter, Darwin. <i>Howard Hughes: Hell's Angel</i>. ( Chicago, Blood Moon Productions, Ltd., 2005), p 78</ref>. Scorsese’s biopic then accurately chronicles the long Hughes involvement of Hughes in filmmaking. It correctly shows him as willing to back risky and controversial subjects. At the time there was a growing conservative backlash against Hollywood and there was increasing censorship of the cinema. Hughes did push back against this and he was frequently in trouble with censors over movies such as Scarface and The Outlaw.  Scorsese shows Hughes being influenced by Katherine Hepburn with regard to about censorship and as a result , he takes a rather principled approach to the issue as a resultin the movie. In reality , Hughes disliked censorship because he believed that it was financially bad for box-office. He was always a business man businessman and for him , cinema was a glamorous business and not an art form.  ====The many women in Howard Hughes Life==The multi-millionaire is shown in the movie as having many affairs with a bevy of beauties, many of them Hollywood starlets. It also portrays him as having a long-term relationship with Katherine Hepburn (Blanchet) and Ava Gardner (Beckingsdale). This was to a large extent true and Hughes did indeed have a great many girlfriends and mistresses, but in real life the Texan multi-millionaire was even more promiscuous. The picture does not deal with claims that he used his power and wealth to force women into sexual relationships with him. At least one actress later claimed that Hughes implied that he would ruin her career if she did not become sexually involved with him. It is accurate that he had serious relationships with Ava Gardner and Katherine Hepburn and the Texan did have strong feelings for both women, especially for Hepburn. In the movie Hepburn is shown as possibly the love of his life and he wanted to marry her, which may have been correct. Scorsese’s movie totally glosses over the fact that Hughes was briefly married in the late 1920s. There are no references to his two wives and the impression is given that he was never married. The movie captures very well, the fact that despite his many lovers that Hughes was a very isolated figure and at heart a lonely man. ==

==Hughes as the aviator==Scorsese in his biopic deliberately called the movie <i>The Aviator. This was because the director believed that </i> shows that Hughes was a great pioneer in aviationhad numerous relationships with several leading Hollywood actresses. The movie accurately shows It also showed that Hughes was he had a lifelong lover of aviation long-term relationship with Katherine Hepburn (Blanchet) and engineeringAva Gardner (Beckingsdale). He had taken flying lessons while still To a young man and was a very good pilotlarge extent, this somewhat accurate. He did have serious relationships with Ava Gardner, and Katherine Hepburn and the Texan did have strong feelings for both women, especially for Hepburn. In the motion picture Hughes movie, Hepburn is shown as a dare-devil possibly the love of his life, and someone who would not hesitate he wanted to undertake anything dangerousmarry her, which may have been correct. The Texan was indeed a dare Hughes did have several girlfriends and mistresses, but in real life, the Texan multi-devil and he millionaire was a fearless flyerarguably even more promiscuous. He survived four serious crashes The picture fails to address claims that he used his power and was badly burned on wealth to force women into sexual relationships with him. At least one occasion. actress later claimed that Hughes was also famed as a round implied that he would ruin her career if she did not become sexually involved with him. Scorsese’s movie also glosses over the world aviator and he broke several world recordsfact that Hughes was briefly married in the late 1920s. The Texan at one time held There are no references to his two wives, and the record for film gives the fastest time to fly around impression that he was never married.  Still, the globe, movie captures that was briefly held by the legendary Charles Lindbergh. The producer despite his several famous and businessman was also personally involved beautiful paramours in the design Los Angeles, Hughes remained a very isolated figure and manufacture of new aeroplanes and this is something very well shown in the motion picture. lonely man. ====Hughes also had a controlling share in as the TWA airline and was instrumental aviator====Scorsese titled in the development of the modern airliner. his biopic <i>The multi-millionaire founded the Hughes Aircraft Company, and this Aviator</i> because he believed that Hughes was very important in the development of a great many unique and important technologiesaviation pioneer. The movie also accurately shows his interest in that Hughes was a lifelong lover of aviation and an innovative aerospace engineer. He had taken flying boats lessons while still a young man and his design for the Spruce Goosewas an excellent pilot. Scorsese emphasizes that Hughes would not hesitate to take extraordinary personal risks to advance aviation.  In real life, the largest seaplane of all time Texan was indeed a dare-devil, and these were all true <ref>Barlett, p 245</ref>he was a fearless flyer. He survived four serious crashes and was severely burned on one occasion. Scorsese captures the importance of aviation in the life of Hughes and his contribution to was also famed as a round the history of flightworld aviator, and he broke several world records. Many have praised the movie for reminding the world that The Texan at one time held the record for the subject of fastest time to fly around the biopic globe, that was a great figure in briefly held by the history of aviationlegendary Charles Lindbergh. ==Hughes The producer and his mental health==In one of businessman was also personally involved in the opening scenes design and manufacture of the movie the young Hughes is being bathed by his mother, new aeroplanes and she this is cautioning him of the many dangers that he faced something very well shown in the world and warning him especially against dirtmotion picture. Hughes is portrayed as also had a rather eccentric character even controlling share in his heyday as an aviator the TWA airline and Hollywood mogulwas instrumental in the development of the modern airliner.  The director and multi-millionaire founded the script indicated that Hughes eccentric behaviour was Aircraft Company which played a result critical role development of a great many aviation technologies. The movie also shows his upbringing interest in flying boats and his growing mental instability that is apparent by design for the Spruce Goose, the end largest seaplane of the movieall time. One theory is that Hughes problems was a result <ref>Barlett, p 245</ref> Scorsese captures the importance of syphilis, which was a sexually transmitted disease, and which often led aviation in the life of Hughes and his contribution to serous mental health issuesthe history of flight. Many have rejected this theory. It does seem praised the movie for reminding the world that Hughes did have OCD and the subject of the biopic was obsessed with dirt and cleanlinessa significant figure in the history of aviation. This is shown very well when some government agents raided his Hollywood home and  ====Hughes is panicked by the idea that they are bringing germs into his home's struggle with mental health====[[File: Hughes One. His OCD became worse as it was untreated, and he also became dependent on painkillers after his various crashes. Scorsese’s movie does represent the variety jpg|300px|thumb|left| Howard Hughes c1940]]In one of the opening scenes of mental health issues that <i>The Aviator</i>, a young Hughes experienced but not their complex origins and causes, while being bathed by his mother, is warned by her about the many dangers in the world. The 2004 motion picture This scene shows that Hughes from an early age was heavily criticised for not referencing conditioned by his mother to fear germs and dirt. This scene essentially foreshadows the long physical and mental decline of health problems that Hughesexperiences throughout the movie. In later life he became a recluse  Even in Las Vega and lived in appalling conditions Hughes as an aviator and movie producer, he only had has portrayed as extremely eccentric. The movie essentially argues that Hughes behavior was a result of his hair upbringing and nails cut once a year <ref> Meneghettigrowing mental instability. His mental illness evident throughout the film, Michael. "Feeling Yourself Disintegrate: The Aviator but becomes increasingly serious as Historyhe ages." Canadian Journal One theory surrounding Hughes was that his problems were a result of Film Studies 20syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease, nothat can lead to severe mental health issues. 1 (2011): 2-19 </ref>But this explanation is not particularly plausible. The man who  Hughes did have OCD and was one of the richest men in America became petrified of germsobsessed with dirt and cleanliness.He was well known to be a germophobe. However In the film, Scorsese does allude shows to extent of his phobia when government agents raided his Hollywood home. Hughes mental deterioration in panicked by the final scene when the Texan has a breakdown after seeing two men in germ-suitsidea that they are bringing germs into his home. [[File: Hughes OneHis OCD became worse as it was untreated.jpg|200px|thumb|left| Howard Hughes c1940]]==The Congressional Hearing and Hughes==Hughes often had legal troubles and at one point movie shows that his mental health grew worse because he was before the courts over a fatal car accident in dependent on painkillers to alleviate his constant pain from his plane crashes. Scorsese’s film does represent the 1930s. The movie climaxes in 1947 when variety of mental health issues that Hughes is forced to testify before the Senateexperienced but not their complex origins and causes.  Despite Scorsese's efforts, his movie was criticized for not showing Hughes long physical and mental decline. In later life, to defend himself against accusations that he had wasted government money during the warbecame a recluse in Las Vegas and lived in appalling conditions, that and he only had been given to him for the production of the H4 Hercules Flying Boat and that the plane was not airworthyhis hair, and nails cut once a year. The motion picture suggests that a rival of Hughes had bribed Senator Owen Brewster<ref> Meneghetti, to bring the charges against him as part of a vendettaMichael. Just "Feeling Yourself Disintegrate: The Aviator as in the motion picture the Texan millionaire was forced to testify before CongressHistory." <i>Canadian Journal of Film Studies</i> 20, which was a major news story at the timeno. In one 1 (2011): 2-19 </ref> The man who was one of the final scenes Hughes is shown flying wealthiest men in the H4 seaplane and thereby proving that he had made world became permanently paralyzed by his fear of germs. However, Scorsese hints at Hughes' future mental deterioration in the final scene when the Texan has a plane that could be used by the American air force breakdown after seeing two men in germ-suits. ====The Congressional Hearing and that he Hughes====Hughes had not wasted government money<ref>Poyntz, Sconstant legal problems and at one point was before the courts over a fatal car accident in the 1930s. " The way of movie climaxes in 1947 when Hughes is forced to testify before the future" probing The Aviator for historical understanding:. Celluloid blackboard: Teaching history with film (2007)Senate, p.41. In realityto defend himself against accusations that he had wasted government money during the war, that had been given to him for the hearing into Hughes alleged misuse of funds production of the H4 Hercules Flying Boat and that the plane was much more complex not airworthy. Some have claimed that the Texan fabricated the story The motion picture suggests that a business rival of Hughes had bribed the SenatorOwen Brewster, investigating Hughes. This was to bring the charges against him as part of a clever strategy vendetta. Just as in order to get out of his legal troubles. The the motion picture the Texan millionaire was never charged with wasting government money and forced to testify before Congress, which was a major news story at the investigation was soon droppedtime. However In one of the final scenes, there are lingering suspicions about Hughes business activities. The movie does not mention is shown flying the Texan’s role as a philanthropist H4 seaplane and thereby proving that he founded had made a plane that could be used by the world-renowned Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) which has developed many pioneering medications and treatmentsAmerican air force and that he had not wasted government money. <ref> McCookPoyntz, AS. (2005). What " The way of the aviator left outfuture" probing The Aviator for historical understanding: <i>Celluloid blackboard: visionary Howard Hughes Medical Institute had trouble taking off in its early days. The Scientist, 19Teaching history with film</i> (22007), 52-53 p.41 </ref>.==Conclusion==The Aviator concentrates on In reality, the hearing into Hughes during his prime when he alleged misuse of funds was a leading figure in Hollywood, business, and aviationnot surprisingly, much more complex. The movie does capture Some have claimed that the Texan fabricated the personality of Hughes who was story that a complexbusiness rival had bribed the Senator, tireless, and charismatic figure who captivated a generationinvestigating Hughes. It also captures the man’s essential loneliness and This was part of a clever strategy to get out of his growing mental instabilitylegal troubles. HoweverThe Texan was never charged with wasting government money, its explanation for and the cause of his mental health problems is too simplisticinvestigation was soon dropped. However, there are lingering suspicions about Hughes business activities. The movie does portray Hughes not mention the Texan’s role as a great womaniser but neglects to show philanthropist and that he was actually married for some of founded the film. It also portrays him as a great aviator world-renowned Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) which has developed many pioneering medications and there is some truth to thistreatments. Scorsese’s motion picture does capture <ref> McCook, A. (2005). What the brilliance and his slow descent into mental illness and even alludes to his later years that were marred by instabilityaviator left out: visionary Howard Hughes Medical Institute had trouble taking off in its early days. The Scientist, when he lived as a virtual recluse. However19(2), The Aviator, fails to address many issues in Hughes life such as his often52-controversial business practices and the dark side of his womanizing. 53 </ref> ==Recommended Reading==Conclusion====Fay, Stephen, Lewis Chester, <i>The Aviator</i> focuses on Hughes life between when he moved to Los Angeles and Magnus Linklaterflew the Spruce Goose. Hoax: The movie successfully captures the inside story aspects of the Howard Hughes--Clifford Irving affair (New YorkHughes's personalities, complex, tireless, Viking Adultand charisma, that that captivated America in the 1920s through the late 1940s. It also demonstrates how he became increasingly crippled over time his worsening mental illness. However, the film's explanation for the cause of his mental health problems is simplistic.  The movie also shows tries to focuses on Hughes's reputation as a womanizer. His relationships with Katherine Hepburn and Ava Gardner are explored in the film, but The Aviator ignores both his marriage and how he sexually harassed women throughout his movie career.  Hughes was an outstanding pilot who took extraordinary risks. Whether he Scorsese’s motion picture does capture the brilliance and his slow descent into mental illness and even alludes to his later years that were marred by instability when he lived as a virtual recluse. <div class="portal" style="width:85%;">====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====* [[How Historically Accurate is the movie Gangs of New York?]]* [[How Historically Accurate is the Outlaw King?]]* [[How historically accurate is the Medici Masters of Florence Series?]]* [[Is the movie Dunkirk historically accurate?]]* [[How historically accurate is the movie 'The Battle of the Bulge'?]]* [[How historically accurate is the movie 'Tora, Tora, Tora'?]]* [[How historically accurate is the movie 'A Bridge Too Far'?]]* [[How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Versailles?]]* [[How accurate is the movie Patton?]]* [[How accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?]]* [[How Historically Accurate is season 3 of The Last Kingdom?]]* [[How Historically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?]]* [[How Historically Accurate is season 1 of The Last Kingdom?]]* [[How Historically Accurate is Alexander?]]* [[How historically accurate is the Gladiator?]]</div> ====Recommended Reading====Fay, Stephen, Lewis Chester, and Magnus Linklater. <i>Hoax: the inside story of the Howard Hughes--Clifford Irving affair</i> (New York, Viking Adult, 1972). Brown, Peter Harry, and Pat H. Broeske. <i>Howard Hughes: The Untold Story</i> (New York, Da Capo Press, 2004). Higham, Charles. <i>Howard Hughes: The Secret Life</i> (New York, Macmillan, 2004).

Higham, Charles. Howard Hughes{{Contributors}}[[Category:Wikis]][[Category:Historically Accurate]] [[Category: The Secret Life (New York, Macmillan, 2004).==References==History of Science]]