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[[File:The_Black_Pharaohs.jpg|left|thumbnail|300px|<i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0948695242/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0948695242&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=a005059adeed3f030e20f38cffd4cba2 The Black Pharaohs: Egypt’s Nubian Rulers]</i>]]
When Egypt’s New Kingdom (ca. 1550-1075 BC) collapsed, it ushered in a period of political instability and decline known as the Third Intermediate Period. The Third Intermediate Period was marked by the rule of various Libyan tribes, who divided Egypt into several contemporary dynasties. The Late Period came after the Third Intermediate Period and although it was a period when Egypt was usually united one single dynasty at a time, the rulers were often foreign. The exact point where the Third Intermediate Period ended and the Late Period began is open for debate among many scholars. Some believe that the Third Intermediate Period ended with the Nubian King, Piye’s, conquest of Egypt in 728 because that date also marked the beginning of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and a return to Egyptian unification under one dynasty. Other scholars see the date 664 BC as the inception date of the Late Period when Psamtek I came to power, establishing the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty and many of the political, military, and cultural attributes commonly associated with the period.
5. Morkot, Robert. (2000). <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0948695242/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0948695242&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=a005059adeed3f030e20f38cffd4cba2 The Black Pharaohs: Egypt’s Nubian Rulers].</i> London: The Rubicon Press.
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As the title of this book suggests, a large portion of this study is dedicated to the period of Nubian rule in Egypt – the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty. Mokot goes beyond Nubian rule in Egypt, though, by providing an in-depth study of Nubian culture in Sudan before the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty, as well as after the Nubian rulers were expelled from Egypt in 664 BC. The author combines both archaeological and textual evidence to present a work that is accessible to academics and lay people alike.
7. Posener, Georges. (1936). <i> La première domination Perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hieroglyphs.</i> Cairo: L’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale.
Although this book is several decades old now, it is still relevant in terms of historiography and the accuracy of the translations. This book is a collection of Egyptian hieroglyphic texts from the Twenty-Seventh Dynasty – the first era of Achaemenid Persian dominance in Egypt (525-404 BC) – from a variety of different contexts, including royal inscriptions, funerary offerings, and religious texts. Hieroglyphic transcriptions of the texts are provided along with French translations. Posener acknowledged in the introduction that most knowledge Egyptologists’ Egyptologists had of the Twenty-Seventh Dynasty before this publication came from Greco-Roman sources, such as Herodotus, which have a tendency to be distorted, especially concerning the Achaemenid Persians who were the rivals of many of the Greek city-states. He intended for his collection of texts to fill in the gaps that were often left by the Greco-Roman sources and to provide a more complete and objective image of the period.
8. Joisten-Pruschke, Anke, (2008). <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/3447057068/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=3447057068&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=e617463a5188cb2f01650da6de3c7bee Das religiöse Leben der Juden von Elephantine in der Achämenidenzeit].</i> Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
This book covers Ptolemaic era Egypt through the Roman Period, ending with the advent of the Islamic conquest in AD 642. Like Chauveau’s book, Bowman examines Greek and Roman Egypt with a more thematic approach, but in a much more dense and academic manner. Bowman places a greater emphasis on the social history of the period, particularly how the Greek and native Egyptian communities interacted, than he does on imperial politics and chronology.
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[[Category: Ancient Egyptian History]] [[Category: Late Period Egypt]] [[Category: Booklists]]