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__NOTOC__{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Gregory-AmericanSpartacus -Surveillance1960 -cposter.jpgpng|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryHow accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?]]====The United States has been conducting surveillance historical epic Spartacus (1960) is one of the best-known movies in cinema history. It caused a sensation on its citizens since it release and was created, but one of the ability most successful pictures of any government to spy on its citizens has dramatically improved in the digital age1960s. How should United States balance national security The movie was not only a commercial success it was a critical success and personal privacy? Does it received several Academy Awards. Spartacus was directed by the Constitution provide adequate protection against unrestricted government surveillance? What can advocates do to strengthen personal privacy rights? These concerns will only intensify in the years to comecinematic genius Stanley Kubrick.{{Read more|American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony GregoryHow accurate is Stanley Kubrick's 'Spartacus'?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:1896 Olympic marathonLast_Kingdom_2.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|thumb|200px]]====[[How did the marathon emergeHistorically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?]]====The marathon Season 2 is seen today as grueling longdivided into two novels from the Saxon Tales series written by Bernard Cornwell, namely books 3 and 4 (Season 1 was books 1-distance, usually over 26 mile race2). The battle of Marathon, fought novels span roughly between 878-886 (Figure 1). The main focus for Season 2 in the Greek and Persian armiesfirst four episodes is Uhtred's quest to go north from Wessex into Northumbria, and the resulting run a less tamed area of England that is ruled more by a Greek warrior to tell the victory Danes but their hold is usually cited as the origin of this sportsomewhat less clear. While there is truth Uhtred seeks his ancestral home in this storyBebbanburg (Bamburgh Castle) and also wants revenge against Kjartan, the history of the marathon who killed is complex and its presence in many major world cities shows it still stands as one of the great events that tests human will and skilladopted Danish father.{{Read more|How did the marathon emergeHistorically Accurate is Season 2 of Last Kingdom?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:GettysburgConfederate_monument_Elmira_NY.jpegjpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhy are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?]]====A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on As one travels across the battles of southern United States, it is not unusual to find monuments and memorials to the American Civil WarConfederate dead in many small towns. The books on this list explore the battles of AntietamIn fact, Gettysburg, Chancellorsvillethese sculptural pieces, often composed of the same statues and many othersplinths from the Monumental Bronze Co. The list includes the works of several of the most prominent historians on this topic including James McPhersonBridgeport, Gordon RheaConn., Stephen Sears can be found as far north as Pennsylvania and Craig SymondsNew York. Take A study in 2016 found some 1,500 monuments still standing. While in recent years these monuments have become a look at our listnew source of political conversation their very erection was a movement by Confederate women.{{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten BooklistWhy are there so many Monuments to the Confederacy across the United States?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:662px-Official_Francisco_Franco16307509620 d1ab80ba6b.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|thumb|200px]]====[[What were the Root Causes of the Spanish Civil Warwas lynching?]]====Spain was Lynching is often described as a very dividedform of extralegal, vigilante violence or justice; however, unstable its meaning has evolved over time—from the tarring and weak country feathering of individuals in the 19th centuryColonial period to the lethal, racial violence that proliferated in the South. Once a great powerAccording to Digital History, Spain lost almost the last of "Lynching received its colonies after it defeat in name from Judge Charles Lynch, a Virginia farmer who punished outlaws and Tories with "rough" justice during the Spanish-American warRevolution.[1] It was technically " The United States has a monarchylong history of vigilance committees whose purposes were to protect the community. According to Linda Gordon, but power had frequently been in “vigilantism generally means bypassing the hands of military dictators. The country was bitterly divided. The acute poverty legal procedures of the Spanish people meant that many were drawn to Communismstate and substituting direct, Anarchism usually punitive and Socialismcoercive action by self-appointed groups of citizens".{{Read more|What were the Root Causes of the Spanish Civil Warwas lynching?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:PrivateeringTomb_of_Nakht.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Privateering during What Was the War Importance of 1812: Interview with Faye M. KertAlcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?]]====During There is a common misconception today that life in ancient Egypt was a dreary one for anyone not in the War 1812, US and Canadian privateers fought most of the naval battles between the United States and Great Britainnobility. These privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by This image is probably at least partially derived from pop culture where scenes are common in movies that depict Egyptian peasants being worked to the promise of profit death to fight make tombs and temples for their countriesgods and kings. There The reality is that although the ancient Egyptian social system was a strong legal framework in both quite different from that of the United States modern world, and Great Britain that normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage they had few of it and funded privateering outfits during the war. Needless to saytoday’s modern conveniences, privateers were incredibly risky investmentsEgyptians from all social classes enjoyed a leisure culture that was not much different than today’s.{{Read more|Privateering during What Was the War Importance of 1812: Interview with Faye M. KertAlcohol Consumption in Ancient Egypt?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:CayleffL'aquarium; vue intérieure.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. CayleffHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?]]====At the very end of Large public aquariums have become fixtures in most major urban regions. In some places, they have become among the 19th Centuryleading attractions for city tourism, a new system called naturopathy was created by Benedict where many aquariums have also expanded into conservation efforts and Louisa Stroebel Lustapplied research along with being tourist destinations. Unlike many The history of such aquariums is not completely modern, although the 19th Century medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of influences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, temperance and vegetarianismform in which we know aquariums today is mostly a recent development. {{Read more|Nature's Path: Interview with Susan E. CayleffHow Did Public Aquariums Develop?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815Karl XII i Ystad 1715, målning av Johan Heinrich Wedekindt från 1719.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|250px]]====[[Why did the Congress Charles XII of Vienna Sweden fail to stop future European warsconquer Russia in 1708?]]====The Congress failed invasion of Vienna was a gathering Russia by Hitler and Napoleon are well known. Less well-known is invasion of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over Russia by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von MetternichSwedes under their most famous king, Charles XII. The Congress Sweden in 1700 was held in Vienna from 1814 the greatest Northern European power and this provoked the jealousy of its neighbors. This led to 1815the Great Northern War. The goals culmination of this war was the Congress were to secure peace Swedish monarch’s invasion of Russia and stability in Europe and to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize his subsequent defeat by Tsar Peter the ContinentGreat at Poltava (1709). {{Read more|Why did the Congress Charles XII of Vienna Sweden fail to stop future European warsconquer Russia in 1708?}}
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<div class="portal" style="widthfont-size:8590%;">[[File:652px-First_Oil_WellThe_Native_Ground.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left|200px]]====[[How have Historians's perceptions of Native Americans changed?]]====In 1997, Kerwin Lee Klein, among others, observed that a wholesale change had occurred in how historians portrayed Native American history. Previously, historians and ethnographers had focused on “the tragedy of the vanishing Indian.”[1] Many Americans, even those sympathetic to Native Americans, argued that Indians ultimately faced extinction. Even though this argument was undermined by the continued survival of Native Americans, scholars were slow to reject it. The Native American rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s emphasized the persistence of Native Americans. {{Read more|How have Historians's perceptions of Native Americans changed?}}</div>
<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How did Edwin Drake create The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the World's first oil well?Spanish American War]]====Even though there was no one "first discover" of oil. Oil was known in antiquity when it was used to heal wounds. But by During the middle of Spanish Civil War, approximately 2,800 American men and women answered the 19th century methods for collecting oil call from the ground had not changed for thousands of yearsCommunist party to defend the Spanish republic from fascist aggression. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process These men and women served in the Fifteenth International Brigade and dramatically increased oil production around formed the worldAbraham Lincoln, Washington and MacKenzie-Papineau Battalions. These soldiers’ stories have been controversial, because 80 percent of these volunteers were Communists. {{Read more|How did Edwin Drake create The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: the Historiography of the American soldiers in the World's first oil well?Spanish American War}}
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[[File:VDC_book_coverAmerican_Girls_in_Red_Russia.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Fate of the RevolutionAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Lorri GloverJulia Mickenberg]]====Starting Julia L. Mickenberg's new book American Girls in 1787, states began to ratify Russia: Chasing the newly drafted federal Constitution which would determine Soviet Dream published by the fate University of Chicago Press explores the history of the new American Republic. In order women who went to Russia looking for the Constitution to go in effectadventure, freedom, revolution, nine of the states needed work and new life. After they moved to agree to the documentRussia they found challenges and hardships. While five states quickly ratified Many were disturbed by both the Constitution between December 1787 and January 1788, conditions of the country's eyes stayed on Virginia. Virginia was the most populated and largest state and it was critical for the state to ratify treatment of people by the Constitution to legitimize the processnew government. {{Read more|Fate of the RevolutionAmerican Girls in Red Russia: Interview with Lorri GloverJulia Mickenberg}}
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[[File:Px-Epikouros BM 1843GermanHyperChart.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantWhat Were the Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?]]====Epicurus is often associated as Among the defining features of early twentieth century Europe and one of the Greek philosophers more interested in pleasure or its pursuit than other ideals. While at times this led contributing factors to a negative view of his philosophyWorld War II, was the economic maelstrom known as “hyperinflation” that ravaged Germany from 1921 until 1923. Although the reality short period is his thinking was very advanced and developed, leading to his ideas becoming highly influential in modern thought often overlooked in many regions popular histories of the world today. He was one of period, there is no denying the first Greek philosophers to develop a strong tradition impacts that avoid superstition as a core idealthe process had on Germany, Europe, and the world.{{Read more|Why was Epicurus and his philosophy so importantWhat Were the Causes of Germany's Hyperinflation of 1921-1923?}}
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[[File:Almost_a_Miracle32936173946 bc0836c5c5 o.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhen did abortion become legal in the United States?]]====On July 4In colonial America, 1776, the Declaration of Independence abortion was signed by the Continental Congressdealt with in a manner according to English common law. This act Abortion was typically only frowned upon, or penalized, when it occurred after “quickening,”—when a woman felt fetal movement—because it suggested that the first step towards the creation of the United States. The United States then fought a seven year war to cement fetus had manifested into its independence from England. The successful fight for independence has had a remarkable impact on world history over the past 200 yearsown separate being. The United States gradually transformed itself Quickening could vary from a former colony into a superpower. The impact of this revolution cannot be ignoredwomen to woman, and sometimes as late as four months. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten BooklistWhen did abortion become legal in the United States?}}
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[[File:Plato Academy MAN Napoli Inv124545Ancient_ziggurat.jpg|150px|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtWas the Importance of Ziggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?]]====The Academy, founded by the philosopher Plato in the early 4th century BCE, was perhaps one of the earliest institutions people of higher learning. While it was not like ancient Mesopotamia practiced a university where people would enroll religion that modern scholars are only just now beginning to understand and obtain advanced degrees, it functioned as one the physical focal point of their religion were the first places for dedicated research into scientific and philosophical questionsmonumental, at least in Europe, took place by gathered scholars. Its main function was to teach Plato's philosophical understanding, but it also challenged its scholars to develop a new understanding of our universetriangular structures known as ziggurats. {{Read more|What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thoughtWas the Importance of Ziggurats in Ancient Mesopotamia?}}
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[[File:The_Alien_and_Sedition_Acts_of_1789Immigrants_Ellis.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinWorking Toward Whiteness by David Roediger]]====David Roediger’s book <i>Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Alien and Sedition Acts Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs</i> continues his provocative exploration of 1798 were four laws that were passed whiteness studies by the predominantly Federalist Congress examining how southern and signed by John Adams to strengthen eastern European immigrants became white during the national security first half of the United Statestwentieth century. These acts not only restricted the ability of an immigrant to become a citizenRoediger argues that “the long, but made it easier to deport non-citizens who were either deemed dangerous or were citizens of hostile countries. Perhaps the most contentious aspect of the new laws criminalized the printing or speaking allegedly false statements about the federal government. Not surprisingly, these laws were incredibly controversial and strongly opposed circuitous process by Thomas Jefferson's opposition Democratic-Republican partywhich ‘new immigrants’ became ‘white ethnics’” matters.{{Read more|The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri HalperinWorking Toward Whiteness by David Roediger}}
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====[[What Is the History of Ice Cream?]]====
Ice cream has been a popular treat that many see today as having developed relatively recently, as ice cream usually requires a form of refrigeration. While the modern form of ice cream is relatively more recent, the idea of ice cream has been present for millennia. Ice treats, which eventually gave us ice cream, were refreshing snacks usually reserved for elites or those who can obtain ice in times of warm or hot weather. {{Read more|What Is the History of Ice Cream?}}
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[[File:grantTod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]]====[[Was What was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil Warimpact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?]]====January 1, 1863 marked Spartacus was a pivotal moment in Thracian and he had once fought with the American Civil WarRomans. On this date the Emancipation ProclamationAccording to Plutarch, the preliminary of which he was issued enslaved by President Lincoln on September 22them after he had deserted. Due to his strength and military skills he was trained as a gladiator. In 73BC, 1862he plotted to escape from his gladiatorial school, took full near Capua in southern Italy and permanent effect, thus changing the Union’s ultimate war goal. The Civil War was no longer being fought to preserve the antebellum Union but rather, joined in the words of Lincoln, was to be a war of “subjugation…the [old] South” was conspiracy by up to be destroyed in favor of “new propositions and ideas100 other gladiators.”{{Read more|Was What was the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil Warimpact of Spartacus' uprising on Rome?}}
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[[File:Stalingrad threeHoecke_Croesus_showing_his_treasures.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px200px]]====[[Why did Germany lose How Did Croesus Become the Battle of StalingradWealthiest Man in the Ancient World?]]====Hitler saw According the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus, who has often been called the city, because “father of its symbolic value. Howeverhistory, ” the original aim of the offensive in Southern Russian Lydian King Croesus (ruled ca. 560-540s BC) was to secure the oil fields in world’s wealthiest king who ruled the Caucasusworld’s wealthiest kingdom. The oil was essential for When Salon, the legendary Athenian law giver, came to Lydia see the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all king’s wealth personally, Croesus immediately had his forces servants “take him on a tour of the royal treasuries” in order to “point out the conquest richness and magnificence of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistakeeverything.”{{Read more|Why did Germany lose How Did Croesus Become the Wealthiest Man in the Battle of StalingradAncient World?}}
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[[File:Samuel_Hahnemann_1841Oseberg_ship_-_IMG_9129.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during if the 19th CenturyVikings Never Invaded England?]]====Nineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: RegularsThe Viking, Eclecticsor more accurately Danish and Norsemen, and Homeopaths.[1] Each invasions of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how England in the 9th century CE (865) helped lead to treat illnesses and diseases, but sought to portray their type what ultimately would become the united country of practice as the most effective and scientificEngland. Arguably none of the three sects Before 865, England was superior to the othersdivided into four or sometimes more countries, but their adherents concluded that their sectarian beliefs were better than their competitorspopulated by Angles and Saxons (or Anglo-Saxons).{{Read more|What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during if the 19th CenturyVikings Never Invaded England?}}
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[[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_18001906roome_td_yale.jpgpng|thumbnail|left|200px250px]]====[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]====Recently on Twitter, a debate broke out between Annette Gordon-Reed, Sam HaselbyIn 1905, American football faced an crisis. Far to many young men were being killed while playing football and John Fea on no one was taking any serious actions to reduce the nature of Thomas Jefferson's religious beliefsrisks. Instead of recreating The headline at the debate, it made more sense to contact one top of the participants, Sam Haselby, whose recent book right hand column in ''The Origins of American Religious NationalismChicago Sunday Tribune'' (published by Oxford University Press) examines how a conflict with Protestantismon November 26, in the decades following US independence transformed American national identity1905 screamed, "Football Year's Death Harvest - Record Shows That Nineteen Players Have Been Killed; One Hundred Thirty-seven Hurt - Two Are Slain Saturday."{{Read more|Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam HaselbyDid Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?}}
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[[File:EngineeringvictoryPrivateering.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Engineering Victory Privateering during the Civil Warof 1812: Interview with Thomas F. Army, JrFaye M.Kert]]====Logistics win wars. Logistics is the coordination of complex operations such as moving, housing and supplying troops and their equipment. War is the ultimate test of any logistician. During the Civil War1812, the Union troops US and Canadian privateers fought almost most of the entire war in naval battles between the SouthUnited States and Great Britain. Thomas F. Army, JrThese privateers were comprised of captains who were motivated by the promise of profit to fight for their countries. argues There was a strong legal framework in his new book Engineering Victory: How Technology Won both the Civil War published by Johns Hopkins University Press United States and Great Britain that the Union's engineering prowess normalized piracy. Canadian and American ship owners and investors took advantage of it and funded privateering outfits during Civil War gave it an distinct advantage over the Confederacywar. Needless to say, privateers were incredibly risky investments.{{Read more|Engineering Victory Privateering during the Civil Warof 1812: Interview with Thomas F. Army, JrFaye M.Kert}}
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[[File:Shantytown_USACayleff.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px150px]]====[[Shantytown, USANature's Path: Interview with Lisa GoffSusan E. Cayleff]]====The Harvard University Press recently published Lisa Goff's new book Shantytown, USA: Forgotten Landscapes At the very end of the Working Poor. There's 19th Century, a chance that one of your American ancestors lived in an American shantytownnew system called naturopathy was created by Benedict and Louisa Stroebel Lust. While we may not realize it now, shantytowns were a common feature Unlike many of the 19th century AmericaCentury medical systems created, naturopathy has persevered to this day. Goff's book explores not only how shantytowns became a prominent feature Naturopathic healing was founded and based on number of America's towns and citiesinfluences including botanics, hydrotherapy, eclecticism, but why middle class Americans eventually turned on them temperance and their residentsvegetarianism. {{Read more|Shantytown, USANature's Path: Interview with Lisa GoffSusan E. Cayleff}}
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[[File:portraitbowieBritish_Lancers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[The Mysterious Illness Why did the Battle of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute the Somme largely fail to His Own Declineachieve its objectives?]]====Directly The Battle of the Somme or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actionsthe Somme Offensive was a series of battles that occurred during the Summer and Autumn of 1916. A hearty man of six feet It involved British and French forces launching a massive assault on the German lines in height, Bowie an effort to break the stalemate on the Western Front. The Battle was primarily a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedom, a generous battle between the Germans and the British. The offensive achieved very little and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on both sides suffered heavy casualties. The British only advanced a whim, few miles and a commanding leader who the German lines held. The stalemate was prone to binges of sloppy drunkennessnot broken by the offensive.{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness Why did the Battle of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute the Somme largely fail to His Own Declineachieve its objectives?}}
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[[File:Young_boxers_fresco,_Akrotiri,_GreeceFrench_soldiers.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[How did modern boxing emerge?Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist]]====Boxing is one The First World War was an incredibly destructive and wide ranging catastrophe. Not only did it dramatically change the map of Europe and the oldest sports known world and it led to usfurther instability. From very early historical records, to its professional development The First World War was one of the most important wars in human history. There has long been a debate about the last century, and modern prizefights, exact cause of the sport has become a global phenomenon watched by millionsFirst World War. Although modern boxing has a lot The assassination of similarities with its ancient cousin, the mix with television, big money, and big personalities has forever changed Archduke Ferdinand triggered the sportwar but its ultimate causes were far more complex.{{Read more|How did modern boxing emerge?Origins of World War One - Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:AlexanderTheGreat_BustQueen_Anne's_Lace_(25468119510).jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|220px200px]]====[[Alexander the Great Top Ten BooklistWhat was used for birth control in medieval Europe?]]====Creating Birth is a top ten list universal experience for books on Alexander the Great humanity and therefore, so is not easy, since few ancient historical figures have been written about as muchconception. Everything from his complex personality and his sexual life to his military and logistical tactics have been analyzed by historiansThis makes the issue of contraception one which stretched back into antiquity. AlexanderWhile this topic is frequently in modern news, simply put, stands out as unique among ancient historical figures for having so much detailed assessment made on his life the historic practices of contraception and timesthe specific methods utilized are rarely touched upon. {{Read more|Alexander the Great Top Ten BooklistWhat was used for birth control in medieval Europe?}}
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<div class="portal">[[File:grantGW-painting.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|250px180px]]====[[Was What was George Washington's military experience before the Destruction Perpetrated by Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman Necessary to End the Civil WarAmerican Revolution?]]====January 1The Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army in 1775. Washington was only 43 years old at the time, 1863 marked a pivotal moment in gentleman planter and local Virginian politician. {{Read more|What was George Washington's military experience before the American Civil WarRevolution?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:512px-Filip II Macedonia. On this date jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]] ====[[How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?]]====Alexander the Emancipation Proclamation, Great is one of the preliminary of which was issued by President Lincoln on September 22most famous men in history. However, 1862it is generally recognized that Alexander’s achievements would have been impossible without his father, took full and permanent effectPhilip II of Macedon, thus changing who reigned from 359 to 336 B.C. He is not as well-known as his son but he laid the foundations for the great Empire of Alexander.{{Read more|How did Phillip II of Macedon change Ancient Greek history?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Egyptian kitchen Berlin 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px]]=====[[How did kitchens develop?]]=====Few places in a home are as important or symbolic for our social bonds than the Union’s ultimate war goalkitchen. Once In almost every culture, the aim of kitchen serves not only as the war changed place where food is prepared, but serves as a social hub for the Unionfamilies and friends. Humans develop deep social bonds with family and friends in their kitchen. The kitchen does not simply provide for our daily nutrition but also helps to reinforce our social character. Whether humans are cooking around a fire or chopping vegetables on a granite counter-top, so too they are also interacting with one another. {{Read more|How did its leaderskitchens develop?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Christiaan_Barnard_(1968). The harsh jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[When did the First Heart Transplant take place?]]====When Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant in 1967, it was initially seen as remarkable scientific achievement, but overtime both the medical community and unpopular actions that the general public were necessary forced to prevent re-evaluate heart transplants. The medical community quickly realized that the prolonged bloody carnage of continual war first transplants were tasked to three men: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, little more than dangerous and William T. Shermanunpredictable experiments. {{Read more|Was When did the First Heart Transplant take place?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Keller.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?]]====Helen Keller (1880–1967) is best known for her triumph over blindness, deafness, and muteness. Rescued from the Destruction Perpetrated isolation of her afflictions as a young girl by Lincoln, Grantthe Perkins Institute for the Blind teacher Anne Sullivan, Keller learned to understand a basic form of sign language and Sherman Necessary learned to End “feel” and imitate the sound of the Civil Warhuman voice. {{Read more|Why Did Helen Keller Become a Socialist?}}
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====[[When was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?]]====
The history of Mesothelioma is complicated. Medicine struggled to establish its existence and understand what caused it. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that forms on the "tissues that cover the lungs and abdomen." Mesothelioma is typically tied to the exposure of people to asbestos in either their environment or workplace.{{Read more|When was Mesothelioma First Diagnosed?}}
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====[[The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson]]====
History is fickle. During the 19th Century, Ernestine Rose was one of the most important and famous international advocates for feminism, free thought and anti-slavery. She worked closely with renowned figures in this movement such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Despite her contributions to feminism, atheism, and anti-slavery, since her death she has slowly been erased from history. {{Read more|The Rabbi's Atheist Daughter: Interview with Bonnie S. Anderson}}
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====[[When did Men Start Wearing Pants?]]====
Why did humans start wearing pants? To answer this question it’s important to understand two things - first, what were the earliest forms of clothing and how did they evolve into pants and secondly, why did a need for pants develop? It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the body which covers from waist to the lower leg. It is also helpful to define what is meant by pants - specifically a bifurcated garment for the bottom half of the body which covers from waist to the lower leg. {{Read more|When did Men Start Wearing Pants?}}
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[[File:French Prisoners 1940Into_the_Jaws_of_Death_23-0455M_edit for my series headline photo.jpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]] ====[[Why was France defeated in 1940What Mistakes did the Allies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?]]====In September 1939June 6, 1944 was arguably the Nazi War Machine invaded Poland and most pivotal day of World War II began. France Operation Overlord was set to be launched and its Britain declared against Nazi Germany in 1939. The French army if successful, was to open a second front in theory Europe so as strong as the Germanys and it had a vast Empire and a sophisticated arms industryto attack Germany from all sides. It Stalin’s Soviet Army had also established a series of fortifications been battling the German Army since late 1942 in the east of the countryStalingrad, Leningrad, known as the Maginot Line. The Line was designed to keep German forces out of Franceand Moscow. {{Read more|Why What Mistakes did the United States and Soviet Union Reach Detente During the Cold WarAllies make during Operation Overlord on D-Day?}}
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====[[FileBook Review:Akhenaten_as_a_Sphinx_(Kestner_Museum)"The Assassin's Accomplice.jpg||left|thumb|200px"]]====[[How did Monotheism Develop?File:Assassins_accomplice.jpg|left|thumb|150px]]====While monotheism Kate Clifford Larson's book The Assassin’s Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln is seen as something that has derived from Judaism, a well-researched narrative exploring the history prosecution of how monotheism became pervasive is complexMary Surratt. Integrating both historical and archaeological data, we find that The Assassin’s Accomplice details the rise of monotheism has been influenced by key political eventsthat revolved around Mrs. These political events help transform not just these early monotheistic faiths but also by extension many parts Surratt in the days and weeks leading up to the assassination of the world todayPresident Lincoln.{{Read more|How did Monotheism Develop?Book Review: "The Assassin's Accomplice."}}
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====[[How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?]]====[[File:American_ColossusBlack pepper (By R.Boroujerdi).jpeg||left|thumb|300px205px]]Visiting a restaurant in the Western world or even a home often means finding salt and black pepper as common condiments on the table used to give taste to our dishes. Salt has been native to many regions and is commonly found; however, black pepper was a far more limited plant (Piper nigrum) that natively grew in South and Southeast Asia.{{Read more|How Did Black Pepper Spread in Popularity?}}</div> <div class="portal" >[[File:Almost_a_Miracle.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era History American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]====Creating a Top Ten List for On July 4, 1776, the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number Declaration of outstanding books on this periodIndependence was signed by the Continental Congress. These books are a selection This act was only the first step towards the creation of our favoritesthe United States. Most The impact of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issuerevolution cannot be ignored. {{Read more|American Revolution Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Pinkertons. jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[Inventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'Hara]]====In other words1850, several of these books are seeking to create Allan Pinkerton founded a grand narrative of detective agency that would grow into the Pinkerton's National Detective Agency. Pinkerton's agency is easily the most famous and infamous security guard and detective agency in United States history. Pinkerton originally created the era agency to help railroad companies investigate their readers understand itemployees and catch train robbers. But over time, the Pinkertons developed an intimate relationship with the federal government and as these partnerships grew the Pinkertons' role increased dramatically. {{Read more|Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten BooklistInventing the Pinkertons: Interview with Paul O'Hara}}
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[[File:BattleCryFreedom652px-First_Oil_Well.jpegjpg|thumbnail|left|thumb|200px]]====[[The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonHow did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?]]====In 2014, the New York Times published a brief interview with noted Civil War historian James McPherson, The George Henry Davis 1886 Professor Even though there was no one "first discover" of American History at Princeton Universityoil. McPherson is considered Oil was known in antiquity when it was used to be heal wounds. But by the dean middle of Civil War historians. He is best known the 19th century methods for his Pulitzer Prize winning book Battle Cry of Freedom which is collecting oil from the best overview ground had not changed for thousands of years. Edwin Drake's oil fundamentally changed this process and dramatically increased oil production around the Civil Warworld.{{Read more|The Best Historians and Books According to James McPhersonHow did Edwin Drake create the World's first oil well?}}
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==Articles==[[Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist]]====Here [[File:American_Colossus.jpeg|left|thumb|125px]]Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our favorites. Creating a Top Ten List for the Gilded Age/Progressive Era is challenging. There are some an extraordinary number of outstanding books on this period. These books are a selection of our most recently created and edited articlesfavorites. Most of these books are focused on trying to define this era as whole, instead of focusing on a single issue.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descendingRead more|count=8Gilded Age/Progressive Era History Top Ten Booklist}}
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[[File:Samuel_Hahnemann_1841.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px]]====[[What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?]]==Interviews==These are our interviews with historians discussing Nineteenth-century medicine was characterized by constant competition among three major medical sects: Regulars, Eclectics, and Homeopaths.[1] Each of these medical sects not only meaningfully disagreed on how to treat illnesses and diseases, but sought to portray their new bookstype of practice as the most effective and scientific.{{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firsteditRead more|order=descending|count=7What was the dominant medical sect in the United States during the 19th Century?}}
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[[File:Congress_of_Vienna_1815.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px]]====[[Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?]]==Booklists==Includes our most recent Expert The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of representatives of European kingdoms that was presided over by the Austrian Chancellor Klemens Von Metternich. The Congress was held in Vienna from 1814 to 1815. The goals of the Congress were to secure peace and stability in Europe and User created to ensure that revolutions did not destabilize the Continent. {{Read more|Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to stop future European wars?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:Tissot Solomon Dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem.jpg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[History of God Top Ten Booklist]]====The concept of God and his historical development is an extraordinarily complex topic and it is not easily addressed in ten books. These books seek attempt to explain a complex story on how the concept of God developed in different cultures, places, and across time. The history of the idea of God is long and has its roots from prehistoric to early historic periods in the ancient Near East. Later cultures developed concepts that derive from ancient Iran, Greece, Egypt, and perhaps other regions.{{Read more|History Booklistsof God Top Ten Booklist}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:William-wallace-monument-1256291 1280.jpeg|thumbnail|200px|left]]====[[How historically accurate is Braveheart?]]====Braveheart was a popular movie released in 1995 that won 5 Oscars and featured Mel Gibson as William Wallace. Wallace was a Scottish knight who became a hero in the Scottish rebellions against the English in the late 13th and early 14th century. The movie helped to inspire Scottish national pride while also, to some, represent an early, Medieval warrior who fought for freedom for himself and his people. While much of the story depicted did occur, including the English occupation of Scotland during the time of Edward I, king of England, the depiction of the revolt against the English and other events do not correspond well to historical accounts.{{#dplRead more|How historically accurate is Braveheart?}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">[[File:categoryDrysocks.JPG |thumbnail|200px|left]]====Booklists[[What Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?]]====Bill Mauldin once said that the infantryman “gives more and gets less than anybody else.” He knew this from his experience on the front lines with K Company, 180th Infantry Regiment, of the 45th Division. Mauldin went through basic training as an infantryman and stayed with his regiment throughout the invasion of Sicily and the Allied campaign up the boot of Italy. The talented cartoonist succeeded in ruffling the feathers of the “brass” all the way up to General George Patton.{{Read more|ordermethodWhat Was the Importance of Bill Mauldin to WWII Infantrymen?}}</div> <div class="portal" style=firstedit"font-size:90%">[[File:Florence_Cathedral.jpg|orderthumbnail|left|200px]]=descending===[[Why did the Italian Renaissance End?]]====The Italian Renaissance was one of the most exciting periods in human civilisation. It witnessed a great flourishing of the arts, literature, philosophy, architecture and politics. Many of the greatest figures in World Civilisation appeared during the Renaissance in Italy, including Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Machiavelli and Raphael.{{Read more|count=15Why did the Italian Renaissance End?}}
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====[[Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist]]====
A DailyHistory.org top ten booklist focusing on best book on the battles of the American Civil War. The books on this list explore the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and many others. Take a look at our list. {{Read more|Civil War Battles Top Ten Booklist}}
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====[[Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?]]====
Hitler saw the war in terms of his personal rivalry with Stalin and he decided to attack the city, because of its symbolic value. However, the original aim of the offensive in Southern Russian was to secure the oil fields in the Caucasus. The oil was essential for the German war machine. Hitler knew this – instead of opting for concentrating all his forces on the conquest of the oil fields, he made perhaps a fateful mistake.{{Read more|Why did Germany lose the Battle of Stalingrad?}}
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====[[The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?]]====
Directly or indirectly, Jim Bowie’s enigmatic illness resulted from his own actions. A hearty man of six feet in height, Bowie was a walking contradiction; a slave trader who fought for freedom, a generous and congenial man who called out his thunderous temper on a whim, and a commanding leader who was prone to binges of sloppy drunkenness.
{{Read more|The Mysterious Illness of Jim Bowie: How Did He Contribute to His Own Decline?}}
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====History of Religion====
{{#dpl:category=Religious History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}
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====Ancient Greek History====
{{#dpl:category=Ancient Greek History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}
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====American Civil War====
{{#dpl:category=Civil War|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}
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<div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====19th Century History===={{#dpl:category=19th Century History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Renaissance History===={{#dpl:category=Renaissance History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====History of Early US Republic====*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]*[[The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Interview with Terri Halperin]]*[[Fate of the Revolution: Interview with Lorri Glover]]*[[American Revolution Top Ten Booklist]]*[[What was George Washington's military experience before the American Revolution?]]*[[Hodges' Scout: Interview with Len Travers]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Sports History====*[[Did Theodore Roosevelt really save Football?]]*[[How did modern boxing emerge?]]*[[How did the game of golf emerge?]]*[[How did the marathon emerge?]]*[[How did the modern tennis emerge?]]*[[Who integrated the NBA?]]*[[How did hunting become a symbol of the aristocracy/royalty]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Legal History====*[[American Legal History Top Ten Booklist]]*[[American Surveillance: Interview with Anthony Gregory]]*[[How did the Sharia Law develop?]]*[[How has the Roman Lex Mercatoria evolved to play a role in modern International Trade and Commerce Codification?]]*[[How does The Magna Carta influence the Modern Perceptions of Civil Rights?]]*[[How has ancient Rome influenced European law?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War I===={{#dpl:category=World War One History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====European Interwar Political History====*[[How did Vladimir Lenin Rise To Power?]]*[[How Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union]]*[[How did Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy?]]*[[Primed for Violence in Interwar Poland: Interview with Paul Brykczynski]]*[[The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact- Stalin’s greatest mistake?]]*[[The Nazi triumph: how did Adolf Hitler become the Fuehrer of Germany?]]*[[Why did the the Weimar Republic Collapse?]]</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====World War Two===={{#dpl:category=World War Two History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====British History===={{#dpl:category=British History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div><div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Roman History===={{#dpl:category=Roman History|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%">====Historically Accurate===={{#dpl:category=Historically Accurate|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Interviews===={{#dpl:category=Interviews|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Booklists===={{#dpl:category=Booklists|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Articles====Here are some of our most recently created and edited articles.{{#dpl:category=Wikis|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Book Reviews====Here are some of our most recent book reviews.{{#dpl:category=Book Review|ordermethod=firstedit|order=descending|count=8}}</div> <div class="portal" style="font-size:90%"> ====Great History Sites==Blog Roll==
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